1
UNECE JUST TRANSITION STUDY 2023
Workshop 11. December 2023
Tirana
Mirëdita
Overview
1. Our Team of Experts
2. Framework of Analysis
3. Insights from Country Analysis
4. Insights from Fact Finding Mission
5. Issues & Propositions for a Just Transition Process
6. Debate
2
Our Team
3
+ + +
Mirë se vini
Frameworks of Analysis
#1 Supply Chains and Smart Specialization of Regions
#2 Multi-Level Understanding of Socio-Economic Transitions
#3 Entrepreneurial Ecosystems and Possibilism
#4 Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations
4
Framework of Analysis
Supply Chains and Smart Specialization of Regions
Supply Chains & Value Networks
Foto Michael Porter
5
Michael Porter
Framework of Analysis
Multi-Level Understanding
Socio-economic transitions
6
Frank Geels
Framework of Analysis
Entrepreneurial Ecosystems and Possibilism
Uncertainty, agency, entrepreneurs and communities
Albert Hirschman
7
Entrepreneurial
Ecosystem
Finance
(e.g. Inter-
/National /
Local
Funding)
Policies
Vision
Mission
Market &
Businesses
Human
Capital
Educational
System
Entre-
preneurs
Supports
Infrastructure
Nature
Culture
Uncertainty
Entrepreneurship
Isenberg (2011)
Albert Hirschman
Framework of Analysis
Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations
People, Peace, Planet, Prosperity, and Partnership
Antoinio Guterrez
8
People, Peace, Planet, Prosperity, and Partnership
Antonio Guterrez
General Insights
Fact Finding Mission Albania September 2023
#1 National Circumstances
#2 Political and institutional framework
#3 Demography of Albania
#4 Economy of Albania
#5 Power supply and generation
#6 Scenarios of Development
9
Sustainable Development of Albania
NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
Infrastructure and Culture
Key Facts
• Albania is a country very rich in nature reserves and
extraordinary landscape
• high variability in terrain relief creates high rates of soil
degradation and highly erosive river flows
• Considerable water reserves in an an arid region
• Considerable solar (220 sunny d/a) and wind exposure
Opportunities
• National Adaptation Plan (NAP, 2020)
• Green Deal EU-Western Balkan Six
• Albania is a cultural x-road between different cultures
Challenges
• Unclear property rights
• …
10
Total Area 28,748 Square Kilometers
Land Area 27,398 Square Kilometers
Water Area 1,350 Square Kilometers
Land Boundaries 717 Kilometers
Irrigated Land 1,884 Square Kilometers
Border Countries Greece 282 km, The Former Yugoslav Republic of
Macedonia 151 km, Serbia and Montenegro 287 km
Coastline 362 Kilometers
Geographic
Coordinates
41 00 N, 20 00 E
Terrain Mostly mountains and hills; small plains along the coast
Highest Point 2,764 Meters
Highest Point
Location
Maja e Korabit (Golem Korab) 2,753 m
Lowest Point
Location
Adriatic Sea 0 m
Natural Resources Petroleum, natural gas, coal, bauxite, chromite, copper, iron
ore, nickel, salt, timber, hydropower
https://www.countryreports.org/country/Albania/geography.htm
Sustainable Development of Albania
POLITICAL & INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK (with respect to Sustainability)
Policies and Finance
Key Facts
• First post-socialistic constitutional reforms in 1990 ff
• Second wave with respect to EU accession
• Administrative territorial reform in 2015
• Albania is since 2016 signatory state of the Paris
Climate Agreement
• Since 2010, Albania has committed to the UN SDG
Opportunities
• This policy framework opens a lot of project options for
the mining communities related to green energy and
nature conservation as well as industrial supply chain
integration (rare earths)
• Regional markets
Challenges
• Continuing change and uncertainty of legal framework
• Tax system
• Mining sector is not a priority for national government
11
UN SDGs. Two government committees – the Inter-ministerial
Committee for the Achievement of Sustainable Development
Goals, and the Parliamentary Subcommittee on Sustainable
Development promote Albania's progress towards the
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Sustainable Development of Albania
DEMOGRAPHY & EMPLOYMENT
Human Capital and Educational System
Key Facts
• Albanian population is decreasing and aging rapidly
• Former mining regions are nearly abandoned
• Mining sector is no longer attractive for young
generation
Opportunities
• Just Transition could help to improve the attractivity
and demographic stability of the concerned mining
communities
Challenges
• Demographic decline
• Strong trend towards urbanization
• Challenge to provide the necessary workforce
• Adapt the educational offer and output to shifting
demand.
12
Relative wages
Population growth
N Birth vs death
Net emigration
Szenarios of population growth
Sustainable Development of Albania
ECONOMY (Coal Mining Sector)
Markets and Sectors, focus on Coal Mining
Key Facts
• Domestic coal production culminated in 1989 @
above 2 mio. t/a and fell below 0,5 mio. t/a until 1992
• This „economic coal exit“ has been extremley
disruptiv
• In terms of employment, 15.000 mining jobs in 1989
reduced to less than 50 since 2010.
• Coal was essentially used domestically, with a short
period of export of a minor share in the end of
socialistic regime
• In average, coal reserves have been exploited at
about 30% of total reserves in Albania
Challenges
• Residual activity remains
• Mining closure has been not complete – dangerous
zones remain
• Monitoring generally in place, with improvement
potential
13
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000
19
80
19
82
19
84
19
86
19
88
19
90
19
92
19
94
19
96
19
98
20
00
20
02
20
04
20
06
20
08
20
10
20
12
20
14
20
16
20
18
20
20
Production in years
Prodhimi
VALIAS
41%
MEZEZ
1%MUSHQETA
4%
KERRABE
7%
PRISKA 2
2%
PRISKE
2%
GERDEC
0%MANEZ
1%
MBORJE DRENOVE
3%
SELCE
0%
BABJEN
0%
KROSNISHT
0%
QENCKE
0%
BEZHAN
6%
ALARUP
1%
PRETUSHE
2%
DARDHAS
5%
VERDOVE
2%
POTGOZHAN
1%
HOMEZH
7%
MEMALIAJ 1&2
7%
MEMALIAJ 3
5%Distribution of
remaining total coal
reserves amongst
former mines.
Valias is with 41%
the largest reserve.
Sustainable Development of Albania
POWER SUPPLY & GENERATION
Energy and Environment
Key Facts
• 90% of electricity generation from renewables (hydro)
• Albania has been a net exporter of electricity
Opportunities
• Energy & Decarbonization is a top priority for EU
• EU-Western Balkans Summit 12 / 2022 discusses a
€30 billion Economic and Investment Plan
• 40 flagship projects including six in the energy sector
• Hydro boom (new projects)
Challenges
• Enabling economic growth while keeping 90% RE-part
• Land rights uncertainty hinders renewable expansion
• Broaden the access to decentral RE production
• Conflicts between hydrocarbon exploitation and CO2-
reduction targets
• Conflicts between energy and natural use of water
14
Geothermal Fossil Fuels Hydro Other Renewables
(specify) Total
Capacit
y MWe
Gross
Prod.
GWh/yr
Capacity
MWe
Gross
Prod.
GWh/yr
Capacity
MWe
Gross
Prod.
GWh/yr
Capacity
MWe
Gross
Prod.
GWh/yr
Capacity
MWe
Gross
Prod.
GWh/yr
In operation 0 0 97 0 2,283 7,629 0 0 2,380 7,629
Under
construction 0 0 0 0 557.8 2,435 0 0 557.8 2,435
Funds
committed, but
not yet under
construction
0 0 0 0 1,204 5,391 50 0 1,254 5,391
Unbundling System access
Wholesale
market
Retail
market
Regional
Integration
78% 75% 43% 58% 36%
In
te
gr
at
io
n
ac
hi
ev
ed
(%
)
Change 2020 (%)
Status 2019 (%)
Sustainable Development of Albania
SCENARIO DEVELOPMENT
Policies, Visions, Missions
Back Ground: EU accession process West Balkan States
Back Ground: IPCC economic. scenario development
• IPPC has developed a general framework and public
data base simulating a defined set of scenarios
• This data base has been used to develop scenarios for
Albania
Key characteristics
• In all scenarios, Albania shows GDP growth (factor 2 –
5 until 2060 vs. 2005)
• Population growths in urban areas, while scenarios
vary in the degree of urbanization (total population
growth +- 10% 2060 vs. 2010; urbinaztion between 65
– 85 % in 2060)
Key Insights for UNECE study on mining regions
• …
15
Sector Indicator What it is proxy for Relationship to
vulnerability
Agriculture Cereals yield
Labor force, total agricultural
production, water demands by the
sector, and sector contribution to
GDP.
Demand ↑ as
population ↑
Sensitivity ↓ as
production ↑
Urban
Development
Energy
Sector
Tourism Number of
visitors
Waste management, flooding risk,
water demand.
Tourism demand ↑ as
population ↑
Sensitivity ↑ as
economic growth ↓
Population
Population
growth
(change) rate
General needs people for
infrastructure (e.g., schools,
hospitals, housing, roads), resources
(e.g., food, water, electricity), and
jobs.
Sensitivity ↑ as
population ↑
In search for
data - work in progress
Application of Frameworks of Analysis to Albanian Mining Communities
#1 Supply Chains and Smart Specialization of Regions
#2 Multi-Level Understanding of Socio-Economic Transitions
#3 Entrepreneurial Ecosystems and Possibilism
16
Framework of Analysis
Multi-Level Understanding
Socio-economic transitions
17
Frank Geels
transformation
time
Socio-Economic
Transition Phases
Landscape
Regime
Niche
So
ci
o-
Ec
on
om
ic
L
ev
el
s
1944 - 1989 1990– 1994 1994 –2014 2014 –2023 2023 – 2035
smart
specialized
shock
disruption
entrepreneurial
exploration
regime
reshaping
smart
specialized
„Socialistic
Coal Mining
System“
„Political
Disruption
& Coal Exit“
„Adaptation“ „EU Ascension” „Just Transition
achieved“
So
ci
o-
Ec
on
om
ic
al
T
ra
ns
iti
on
M
ap
pi
ng
Central Mining
Administration
Miner Commuting
/ Mining Town
Business Model
Decentral Mining
Schools
Central Divestment
Agency
International Closure
Consultants
Fragmented
Privatization
1st wave of emigration
Private
Operating Licences
Companies
Communal Land
Redistribution
International Investors
(Copper, Chrome,
Coal?)
EU Candidate 2014
UN Program
Climate & Sustainability
National Programs
Regional Governance
Statistics &Planning
Power Market 2014
Admin. Reform 2015
2nd wave of emigration
Initiatives
Projects
Programs
Anchor Firms
New Smart
Specializations
National Emission
Reduction Targets
Albanian Phases
of Development
International
Institutions
New Mining
Law 1994
Mine Closures
EU and regional
integration
Infrastructure projects
Paris Agreement
Ratification 2016
Westbalkan Six 2014
89/90 Toppling
of government
Inner Albanian
Migration &
Urbanization
Work in
Progress
Stop of Mine operation
Ideas
Framework of Analysis
Smart Specialization and Competitive Advantage of Regions
Supply Chains & Value Networks
Foto Michael Porter
19
Michael Porter
Distribution
Large-scale
Generation /
Industrial
Users
Final
Customer
Pump
Storage
Large-scale
Generation
Hydro
DistributionExploration Final
UseExtraction Processing
Industry
Utilities
B2C users
Technology
Providers /
Equipment
Mapping of
Supply Chains
1988
Coal Mining
Electricity
Russia
China
Poland
State
Company &
Planning
Local Population
Heating Stations
Steel Industry
Power Plants
Regional
Mining
Companies
RegulatorLarge-scale
Generation
Final
Consumer
Trading
Power
Market
Storage Prosumer
(CHP / PV)
Efficiency
Contracting
Distribution Final
UseExtraction Processing Customer
Segments
Technology
Providers
Mapping of
Supply Chains
2035
DistributionExploration Final
UseExtraction Processing Customer
Segments
Coal Mining
Electricity
Coal Import
Coal Export
Hydro
PV
Distribution
Wind
Biomass
Transport
Hydro-Carbon
Regional
Integration
Electricty Import
Electricity Export
Decentral RE
Generation @
Customer
New Services
Natural
Potential of
Albania
Possibly
emerging
activity
Largely
Phased Out
Substitution in
phase of
decarbo-
nization
Closure &
Recultivation &
Securization
ReuseMarketing
Urban
Development
Context
Exploration
PreparationMonitor-
ing
Rural
Development
Context
Framework of Analysis
Entrepreneurial Ecosystems
Uncertainty, agency, entrepreneurs and communities
Albert Hirschman
22
Entrepreneurial
Ecosystem
Finance
(e.g. Inter-
/National /
Local
Funding)
Policies
Vision
Mission
Market &
Businesses
Human
Capital
Educational
System
Entre-
preneurs
Supports
Infrastructure
Nature
Culture
Uncertainty
Entrepreneurship
Former Mining
Communities
in Albania
1988
Adaptiert nach Isenberg, D. J. (2011)
Finance
(e.g. Inter-
/National /
Local
Funding)
Policies
Vision
Mission
Market &
Businesses
Human
Capital
Educational
System
Entre-
preneurs
Infrastructure
Nature
Culture
Ecology &
geology of
mines
Mapping of
Entrepreneurial
Ecosystem
Socialistic
centrally
planned
economy
State
Entreprises
National
Education
Planed
Recruiting
No free
circulation
Planned
Recruiting &
Staffing
Mining:
Gender
Segregation
1st historical
2nd wave
1960
3rd wave
1980
Poorly
developed
infrastructure
Ecology low
priority & lack
of resources
National
Railroad
Central
Ressource
Allocation
Cooperation
with Russia
and China
Totalitarian
mono-party
society
Mining:
male worker
migration
model
centrally
managed
mining sector
Autarcy
Former Mining
Communities
in Albania
2035
Adaptiert nach Isenberg, D. J. (2011)
Finance
(e.g. Inter-
/National /
Local
Funding)
Policies
Vision
Mission
Market &
Businesses
Human
Capital
Educational
System
Entre-
preneurs
Infrastructure
Nature
Culture
Ecology &
geology of
mines
Mapping of
Entrepreneurial
Ecosystem
Free
circulation
of Workforce
EU
Environmental
Legislation
NGO‘s Free &
International
Research
Institutions Roads, Public
Transport
Nature
Reserves
European
Education
Formats
European
Funds
World Bank
EBRD
Free Capital
Markets
Multi-Party
Constitution
Subsidiarity
Central-
Decentral
Free Trade International
European
West Balkan 6
Cooperations
Increase
Attractivity for
mobile workers
& families
Leverage
intercultural
Capital of Albania:
muslim, christian,
socialistic bonds
Mountains,
Rivers, Water,
See
Central Position
in Balkan
Crossroads
East-West and
North-South
Wind, Hydro,
Geothermal,
Solar
Next
Generation
Entrepreneurs
An Age of
Modernization
for Albania
Mixed
Economy
Private Public
European
Single Market
International
Private
National
Education
Socialistic
centrally
planned
economy
State
Entreprises
National
Education
Planed
Recruiting
No free
circulation
Planned
Recruiting &
Staffing
Mining:
Gender
Segregation
1st historical
2nd wave
1960
3rd wave
1980
Poorly
developed
infrastructure
Ecology low
priority & lack
of resources
National
Railroad
Central
Ressource
Allocation
Cooperation
with Russia
and China
Totalitarian
mono-party
society
Mining:
male worker
migration
model
centrally
managed
mining sector
Autarcy
Former Mining
Communities
in Albania
2035
Adaptiert nach Isenberg, D. J. (2011)
Finance
(e.g. Inter-
/National /
Local
Funding)
Policies
Vision
Mission
Market &
Businesses
Human
Capital
Educational
System
Entre-
preneurs
Infrastructure
Nature
Culture
Ecology &
geology of
mines
Mapping of
Entrepreneurial
Ecosystem
Free
circulation
of Workforce
EU
Environmental
Legislation
NGO‘s Free &
International
Research
Institutions Roads, Public
Transport
Nature
Reserves
European
Education
Formats
European
Funds
World Bank
EBRD
Free Capital
Markets
Multi-Party
Constitution
Subsidiarity
Central-
Decentral
Free Trade International
European
West Balkan 6
Cooperations
Increase
Attractivity for
mobile workers
& families
Leverage
intercultural
Capital of Albania:
muslim, christian,
socialistic bonds
Mountains,
Rivers, Water,
See
Central Position
in Balkan
Crossroads
East-West and
North-South
Wind, Hydro,
Geothermal,
Solar
Next
Generation
Entrepreneurs
An Age of
Modernization
for Albania
Mixed
Economy
Private Public
European
Single Market
International
Private
National
Education
Insights from Mining Communities
Fact Finding Mission Albania September 2023
#1 Mining Community: Kamza
#2 Mining Community: Vora
#3 Mining Community: Korca
#4 Mining Community: Pogradeci
#5 Mining Community: Tepelena
#6 Mining Community: Maliqui
#7 Mining Community: Tirana
#8 Mining Community: Kolonja
26
metropolitan
town of local significance
remote locations
27
Transition Story:
• Historical small town 6.000
inhabitants (1975)
• Urbanization and
industrialization (mine)
during socialism
• Wild urbanization in vicinity
of Tirana in the 1990s
Activities & Projects:
• Agricultural University of
Albania
• Since 1997 international
projects for urban
infrastructure
• City Train Project
Social: inhabitants Miners
Ecological
Mine closure: 2000 (90%)
Methan:
Water:
Renewable Energy:
Climate risks:
Economical
Inhabitants/km² : 2802
Car: 11 km to Tirana, 0:20 h
Public: bus
Just Transition Readiness Score
1989 12.500
2001 53.000
2007
2011 66.841
⚒
1989 x.xxx
2001 0
2007 0
2011 0
#1 Mining Community: Kamza
Coal Mines: Valias
No. Mine
First
Exploitation
Date
DoCM date on
Mine Closing
AKBN
Register Date
Production
(tons)
Estimated
Reserves (tons)
1 Valias 1978 No.139, dated
20.03.1995 No.2978/2001 3.515.178 49.186.000
Work in
Progress
28
Transition Story:
• Wider metropolitan area of
the capital Tirana
• Socialistic mine openings
(1968, 1980)
• 2008 tragic accident with
explosians in army depot
devastating part of town
Activities & Projects:
• At major transport high way
in economic zone Tirana-
Durres
• Business zone attractive as
company location
Social: inhabitants Miners
Ecological
Mine closure: 2000 (90%)
Methan:
Water:
Renewable Energy:
Climate risks:
Economical
Inhabitants/km² : 308
Car: 18 km to Tirana, 0:30 h
Public: bus, train
Just Transition Readiness Score
⚒
1989 x.xxx
2001 0
2007 0
2011 0
#2 Mining Community: Vora
Coal Mines: Gërdeci & Manza
No. Mine
First
Exploitation
Date
DoCM date on
Mine Closing
AKBN
Register Date
Production
(tons)
Estimated
Reserves (tons)
1 Gërdeci 1978 No.550, dated
26.08.1996 No.2978/2001 293.200 297.000
2 Manzë 1967 No.232, dated
15.05.1995 No.2978/2001 1.317.000 1.281.000
1989
2001
2007
2011 10.901
There are no
dependent
communities. It
is an
environmental-
technical issue.
Work in
Progress
29
#3 Mining Community: Korca
Coal Mine: Mborje-Drenovë
Transition Story:
• Historical important city
• Industrialization during
socialism
• Loss of inhabitants after
1990
• Recently increase in
population
Activities & Projects:
• University (7.000 students)
• Tourism
• Brewery
Social: inhabitants Miners
Ecological
Mine closure: 2000 (90%)
Methan:
Water:
Renewable Energy:
Climate risks:
Economical
Inhabitants/km²:
Car: 163 km to Tirana, 2:52 h
Public: Bus, Train ?
Just Transition Readiness Score
1989 63.623
2001 55.130
2007 86.176*
2011 51.152*
No. Mine
First
Exploitation
Date
DoCM date on
Mine Closing
AKBN
Register Date
Production
(tons)
Estimated
Reserves (tons)
1 Mborje-
Drenovë 1930 No.349, dated
07.07.2000 No.2978/2001 1.100.000 3.698.000
⚒
1989 x.xxx
2001 0
2007 0
2011 0
Work in
Progress
30
#4 Mining Community:
Pogradeci
Transition Story:
• Historical important city
• Mining town during socialism
• Two mines opened just in
1985 and 1987
• Loss of inhabitants after
1990
• Closure of train line
Activities & Projects:
• UNESCO-Heritage Ohrid-
Region.
• Tourism
• Wood industry
• Waste water treatment 2015
• National road connection
2022
Social: inhabitants Miners
Ecological
Mine closure: 2000 (90%)
Methan:
Water: Waste water
Waste: municipal challenges
Renewable Energy:
Climate risks:
Economical
Car: 124 km to Tirana, 2:06 h
Just Transition Readiness Score
1989 xx.xxx
2001
2007
2011 20.848
⚒
1989 x.xxx
2001 0
2007 0
2011 >0
⚒
⚒
⚒
⚒
⚒
No. Mine
First
Exploitation
Date
DoCM date on
Mine Closing
AKBN
Register Date
Production
(tons)
Estimated
Reserves (tons)
1 Alarup 1959 No.500, dated
13.08.1998 No.2978/2001 --- 1.600.000
2 Petrushë 1968 No.233, dated
15.05.1995 No.2978/2001 909.300 2.885.500
3 Dardhas 1972 No.349, dated
07.07.2000 No.2978/2001 1.076.100 6.087.000
4 Vërdovë 1978 No.349, dated
07.07.2000 No.2978/2001 900.000 2.300.000
5 Potgozhan 1985 No.233, dated
15.05.1995 No.2978/2001 105.000 10.869.700
6 Homezhë 1986 No.233, dated
15.05.1995 No.2978/2001 1.377.951 8.174.500
Work in
Progress
31
Transition Story:
• Historical town @ road
junction
• Historical mining (2016)
• During socialism centre of
detention (camps)
Activities & Projects:
• Mineral Water Uji Tepelena
• Bënça National Protection
Area
Social: inhabitants Miners
Ecological
Mine closure: 2000 (90%)
Methan:
Water:
Renewable Energy:
Climate risks:
Economical
Inhabitants/km² : 21
Car: 202 km to Tirana, 2:34 h
Public: none
Just Transition Readiness Score
1989
2001
2007
2011 3.342
⚒
1989 x.xxx
2001 0
2007 0
2011 0
#5 Mining Community: Tepelena
Coal Mines: Memaliaj
No. Mine
First
Exploitation
Date
DoCM date on
Mine Closing
AKBN
Register Date
Production
(tons)
Estimated
Reserves (tons)
1 Memaliaj
1&2 1916 No.268, dated
08.06.1999 No.2978/2001 10.126.170 8.200.000
2 Memaliaj 3 1980 No.29, dated
15.01.1996 No.2978/2001 --- 6.500.000
Work in
Progress
32
Transition Story:
• Wider metropolitan area of
the capital Tirana
• Historical (1938) and
socialistic mine openings
(1968, 1980)
• Still predominantly rural
Activities & Projects:
• …
Social: inhabitants Miners
Agglomaration 895.042 (2008)
Ecological
Mine closure: 2000 (90%)
Methan:
Water:
Renewable Energy:
Climate risks:
Economical
Inhabitants/km² : 805
Car: 10-30 km to Tirana, 0:40 h
Public: bus
Just Transition Readiness Score
⚒
1989 x.xxx
2001 0
2007 0
2011 0
#6 Mining Community: Tirana
Coal Mines: Priska, Mëzez,
Mushqeta & Krrabë
No. Mine
First
Exploitation
Date
DoCM date on
Mine Closing
AKBN
Register Date
Production
(tons)
Estimated
Reserves (tons)
1 Mëzezi 1968 No.824, dated
04.12.1996 No.2978/2001 1.435.320 1.426.000
2 Mushqeta 1968 No.550, dated
26.08.1996 No.2978/2001 2.300.000 5.365.000
3 Krrabë 1938 No.101, dated
02.03.2001 No.2978/2001 1.658.270 8.100.000
4 Priska 2 1980 No.550, dated
26.08.1996 No.2978/2001 374.057 2.682.000
5 Priskë 1980 No.101, dated
02.03.2001 No.2978/2001 --- 2.460.000
⚒
⚒
⚒
1979 189.000
1989 238.057
2001 343.078
2011 418.495
Krraba
There are no
dependent
communities. It
is an
environmental-
technical issue.
Work in
Progress
33
#7 Mining Community: Maliqui
Coal Mines: Krosnisht, Selcë,
Qnckë & Babien
Transition Story:
• Traditional agricultural town
• Agriculture (lake transformed
into pastries) & mining
industry during socialism
• Mine closure until (xxxx)
• Administrative reform 2015
bashkia Maliq
Activities & Projects:
• ….
Social: inhabitants Miners
Ecological
Mine closure: xxxx (90%)
Methan:
Water:
Renewable Energy:
Climate risks:
Economical
Inhabitants/km²: 64
Car: 151 km to Tirana, 2:36 h
Public: none
Just Transition Readiness Score
1989 63.623
2001
2007
2011 4.290⚒
1989 x.xxx
2001 0
2007 0
2011 0
No. Mine
First
Exploitation
Date
DoCM date on
Mine Closing
AKBN
Register Date
Production
(tons)
Estimated
Reserves (tons)
1 Selckë 1984 No.233, dated
15.05.1995 No.2978/2001 253.563 125.000
2 Babjen 1984 No.233, dated
15.05.1995 No.2978/2001 75.236 478.562
3 Krosnisht 1978 No.500, dated
13.08.1998 No.2978/2001 1.342.174 496.000
4 Qenckë 1978 No.349, dated
07.07.2000 No.2978/2001 23.000 69.750
⚒
Work in
Progress
34
Transition Story:
• Rural mountain region
• Mine opening during
socialism
• New border transition point
with Greece (30 km)
• Strong emigration after 1990
Activities & Projects:
• Forestry & Fishery
• Tourism potential for
mountaineering
Social: inhabitants Miners
Ecological
Mine closure: 2000 (90%)
Methan:
Water:
Renewable Energy:
Climate risks:
Economical
13 inhabitants/km²
Car: 204 km to Tirana, 3:35 h
Public: none
Just Transition Readiness Score
1989
2001
2007
2011 3.746
⚒
1989 x.xxx
2001 0
2007 0
2011 0
No. Mine
First
Exploitation
Date
DoCM date on
Mine Closing
AKBN
Register Date
Production
(tons)
Estimated
Reserves (tons)
1 Bezhan 1972 No.233, dated
15.05.1995 No.2978/2001 1.068.519 7.714.000
#8 Mining Community: Kolonja
Coal Mines: Bezhan
Work in
Progress
UNECE
Just Transition for Coal Mining Regions Albania
PROPOSITIONS
UNECE Study 2023
1.Create participatory process and governance for „Just Transition & Coal Exit in Albania“
• Win stakeholders on a national level and build a shared and methodological sound perspective on the „Just
Transition & Coal Exit“
• Set up a robust multi-lever process and centrally coordinated governance via the identified areas of action
• Leverage EU driven institutional renewal: Invest in Governance, Policy Frameworks and Local
Entrepreneurship for the Mining Sector, Former Mining Communitites and related Education
2.Modernize into a Competitive Green Economy
• Carefully phase out fossil fuels (smart end of use strategy, CO2 risk mgt)
• Build Infrastructure (Grid, Regional Integration, Power Exchange) for a green, sustainable economical
development of Albania
• Build markets for expanding usage of renewable energy and local resources
3.Reinvent local business models and foster smart specialization of communities
• Foster and accelerate adaptation via learning networks and cooperation on local, national and regional level
• Private sector and local initiative mobilization
• Private sector and local intiative support framework
An Outstanding Opportunity
Just Transition & Coal Exit Albania – Sugggested Areas of Action
UNECE Just Transition Albania Dialogue 2023
Work in
Progress
Just Transi+on Albania: Just Transi+on Road Map (Workshop 11.12.)
AA1: Project Set Up AA2: Government &
Governance
AA3: Empower Local
Activitites
AA3: Green Economy
Infrastructure
M1.1 M2.1 M3.1 M4.1
M1.2 M2.2 M3.2 M4.2
M1.3 M2.3 M3.3 M4.3
M1.4 M2.4 M3.4 M4.4
Component 1: Just transition
process to complete mine
closure and coordinate
activities
Component 2: Reinvent
smart specialization in the
Communities in a decentral
approach
Component 3: Enabling
Sustainable Economic Growth
by creaLng infrastructure and
precondiLons for green
economy
Vision:
Use Just
Transi-on
process 1o
leverage EU
ascession
moderniza-on
for building a
green economy
Program:
UNECE Just Transition Albania Dialogue 2023
Work in
Progress
Just Transition Albania: Just Transition Road Map (Workshop 11.12.)
AA1: Project Set Up AA2: Government & Governance AA3: Empower Local AcLviLtes AA3: Green Economy
Infrastructure
M1.1 IdenLfy an organizaLon
on naLonal level in Albania
who organizes a dialogue
process „Just TransiLon“
• Stakeholder Contact
Group on naLonal level
• Stakeholder Contact
Group on Westbalkan Six
• Series of 3 consecuLve
Workshops (Roadshow,
Idea GeneraLon, Project
SelecLon) in concerned
Mining CommuniLes (see
also M3.2)
M2.2 Special Legislation to
enhance decentral renewable
energy generation
• Priority Clearing of Land
issues in Former Mining
Sites
• Declare special nature
(package)
• protection status for this
land in remote areas with
routism potential
• Declare favorite
development status in
urban areas.
M3.2 Summer Academy of
Regional Mining Universities
Students, Stakeholders and
potential employers
elaborate Scenarios for the
concerned Mining
Communities. Financing via
International Educational
Programs or throuth the West
Balkan Six Initiative.
M4.4 Special Legislation to
enhance decentral renewable
energy generation
• Priority Clearing of Land
issues in Former Mining
Sites
• Declare special nature
(package)
• protection status for this
land in remote areas with
routism potential
• Declare favorite
development status in
urban areas.
Component 1: Just transition process to
complete mine closure and coordinate
activities
Component 2: Reinvent smart
specialization in the Communities in a
decentral approach
Component 3: Enabling Sustainable
Economic Growth by creaLng infrastructure
and precondiLons for green economy
UNECE Just Transi9on Albania Dialogue 2023
Work in
Progress
Assessment of Just Transition Readiness of Albania
Opportunities and Options
Next possible Steps
Just Transition Albania: Outlook & Possible Next Steps
UNECE Just Transition Albania Dialogue 2023
40
UNECE JUST TRANSITION STUDY 2023
Faleminderit
Mirupafshim