Dear Correspondent,
Thank you for contributing to the Joint Forest Sector Questionnaire (JFSQ). Before filling in the worksheets, please read these guidelines.
The 2019 JFSQ has been changed following the decisions of the Inter-Secretariat Working Group of January 2019. Please use only this questionnaire to report your data. The 2019 JFSQ contains no pre-filling.
Use this questionnaire also to revise any historical data - fill in the correct year and your name on the cover page.
The worksheet 'LAM' covers data on Glulam and X-lam. This sheet has a yellow drop-down cell where you can choose your unit of measurement.
The total number of sheets to be filled in is eight core sheets (green tabs - to be validated by Eurostat) plus three for ITTO (brown tabs - not validated by Eurostat). The following auxiliary sheets (grey tabs) are meant to help you and to improve quality:
• 'Check JQ-EU' and 'Check EU1-JQ2' ensure that data are consistent
• Two cross-reference tables with the classifications; the CN and PRODCOM cross-references are provided in a separate file.
Put all your data into one Excel file. If you send some data in later, give your file a new version number and date (see A.1.) and notify us of the changes with respect to the previous version. Only send us completely filled-in sheets, highlighting the changes in yellow. Do not delete worksheets.
Each sheet has a working area for your input. Most sheets have checking cells and tables.
Each working area has white cells and shaded cells. Eurostat has highlighted the variables it considers most important for its publications - please fill those in as a priority.
When you submit a revision, please highlight changes in yellow and explain them in the appropriate 'Note' column.
Please use flags and notes (see A.5). This information is important for Eurostat.
A. General recommendations
A.1 Please use eDAMIS to send your questionnaire to Eurostat. Choose the correct domain ("FOREST_A_A") and the correct reference year (for this data collection: 2019).
A.2 Fill in the JFSQ quality report if you haven't done so yet. If you already sent the quality report to Eurostat before, please fill it in only if major changes had happened to its content.
A.3 The cover page is for your contact details, which are automatically copied to the other worksheets
• Check your country code
• If necessary change the reference year [red cell] as appropriate - the previous year will appear automatically
If you distribute worksheets to various experts, they can each put their contact details into the sheets. It will then be your job to put all the information together again and to verify the checking tables, since some of them will not work as designed in isolation.
A.4 Look at the unit of measurement to be used for each item and report in this unit if possible, using the conversion factors on the last page of the JFSQ definitions. Please report the monetary values in the same unit for both reporting years.
Only report data or modify cells in the working areas. Please do not delete checking areas or checking sheets.
• Look at the checking areas and make the necessary corrections to your data to remove all warnings (see the specific recommendations) before sending in your data.
Fill in real zeroes '0' in the worksheets if there is no production or trade. Empty cells will be interpreted as 'Data not available'.
• There are counters at the bottom of the tables to indicate the number of cells left to be filled in and the number of cells filled with text.
Report all data with at least three decimals. Do not use a separator for thousands; for the decimal point, please use the one set up by default.
A.5 Report numbers only. If data are confidential, please provide them if possible, appropriately flagged (see A.5).
• Eurostat has a right to all confidential data necessary for its work. It has an obligation to use such data only in aggregates and to respect all the legal obligations.
• If you cannot provide confidential data, a good option is to send in your own estimate flagged as a national estimate '9'
• As a last resort, leave the cell empty, flag it and write a note indicating data sources and links.
Checking tables contain formulae to sum up the totals for sub-items.
A.5 Flag cells and write notes as appropriate. Flags should be entered in the 'Flag' columns and notes in the 'Note' columns for the appropriate year and item. The flags to use are:
• 5 for repeating the data of a previous year
• 6 for confidential data
• 7 for provisional data
• 9 for national estimate
B Specific recommendations
B.1 Sheet 'Removals over bark' is for volumes of wood products measured over bark. General over bark/under bark conversion factors are calculated automatically.
• Should you use different conversion factor(s) please delete the ones provided and insert your own
• If you only have under bark data, please leave this worksheet empty, but revise the table with the conversion factors.
• Unchanged conversion factors will be considered revised
A checking table verifies that sums of sub-items agree with the totals
B.2 Checking tables on worksheets improve data quality, verifying that:
• The sum of the sub-items equals the total
• The sum of 'of which' items is not larger than the total
All cells in a checking table should be zero or empty. If this is not the case, please check your numbers for the sub-items and totals. The checking table indicates the difference, so if you see a negative value, you will have to decide which number should be increased by that amount. The only exception is when no data are entered due to confidentiality.
B.3 Worksheets 'JQ2' and 'EU1' contain a checking table for apparent consumption and for unit values.
Apparent consumption = Production + Imports – Exports. It should be positive or nil. If this is not the case, the cell will change colour and indicate the difference.
• Please correct the data in the sheets until checking results are positive or nil. One solution is to increase production
• If the data are correct but apparent consumption is still negative, please explain why in the 'Note' column provided in the apparent consumption checking table.
B.4 Sheets 'JQ2', 'ECE/EU Species Trade' and 'EU1' on trade have checking tables to verify data consistency. Both quantity and value must be present.
When something is missing, messages or coloured cells appear in the checking tables. Please correct your data until all warnings disappear.
The meaning of the messages is:
• 0: both value and quantity are zero – all is well, there is no trade
• ZERO Q: value is reported, quantity is zero - please correct
• ZERO V: quantity is reported, value is zero - please correct
• REPORT: both quantity and value are blank - please fill in
• NO Q: blank cell for quantity – please fill in
• NO V: blank cell for value – please fill in
Please enter even very small numbers to resolve problems, using as many decimal places as necessary.
If there is no way to correct the problem, please write an explanation in the 'Note' column.
If there is no trade for a product, please enter 0 for both quantity and value.
B.5 'Check JQ-EU' cross-checks the data in four sheets. This concerns the three roundwood items in sheets 'JQ1' and 'EU2' and the four industrial roundwood and sawnwood items in sheets 'JQ2' and 'ECE/EU Species Trade'.
• When the four sheets are filled in correctly, this checking sheet should have no 'WRONG' messages (red)
• When there are such messages, please follow the row in which a cell in magenta indicates a mistake back to column F to find out which two tables are concerned. The difference between the numbers is in the 'dif'-row.
• Please correct working sheets until all warnings disappear
B.6 'Check EU1-JQ2' cross-checks data on total trade with extra-EU trade. The numbers in 'JQ2' should be greater than or equal to those in 'EU1'.
• If there are 'WRONG' messages (red), please go back to the data in EU1 and/or JQ2 and correct it
• Please correct working sheets until all warnings disappear
Thank you for collecting data for the JFSQ.
Eurostat's Forestry Team
JFSQ quality report
Joint Forest Sector Questionnaire
Quality Report
Quality information
Country reply
1
Contact
Country name
Country name
Contact organisation
Contact organisation
Contact name
Contact name
Contact email address
Contact email address
2
Changes to previous year
Necessity of update
Are there any changes to the quality report of the last data collection?
YES
If yes, please provide details below.
3
Statistical processing
Overview of the source data
Please provide an overview of the sources used to produce JFSQ data.
Do you use a dedicated survey (of the industry, of households, of forest owners, etc.)?
YES
If yes, please provide details (e.g., who are the respondents, what is its frequency?).
We use specific surveys of all consumers of wood raw materials (sawmills, panel board industry, households (energy), non-households (energy). Studies are conducted every three to five years. We estimate years between datapoints with specific models
Do you use forestry statistics?
YES
If yes, please provide details.
Fellings statistics only for estimation of removals by owner type
Do you use national forest inventory?
YES
If yes, please provide details.
Fellings statistics only for estimation of removals by owner type
Do you use national PRODCOM data compiled according to the CPA classification?
YES
If yes, please provide details (which products, units, etc.).
This is a long list. If interested, I can send it to you
Do you use any other national production statistics?
YES
If yes, please provide details.
Specific statistic on wood use for forest products
Do you use data collected by associations of industry?
YES
If yes, please provide details.
Pulp+Paper Association (VDP), Pellet Association, Sawmilling association
Do you collect data from direct contacts with manufacturing companies?
NO
If yes, please provide details.
Do you use estimates of roundwood use (in manufacturing)?
only partly, for estimating removals by owner type
Do you use forestry companies' accounting network?
YES
If yes, please provide details.
for estimating removals by owner type
Do you use administrative data (e.g. tax records, business registers)?
NO
If yes, please provide details.
Do you use data from national accounts?
NO
If yes, please provide details (e.g. for which data, from which account tables?).
Do you use SBS (Structural business statistics)?
NO
If yes, please provide details (e.g. for which data?).
Do you use other environmental accounts?
YES
If yes, please provide details.
German data which is also provided for EFA
Do you use other statistics (e.g. agriculture statistics)?
NO
If yes, please specify them.
Do you use any other sources?
YES
If yes, please specify them.
lots of different studies and reports. Please see weblink above
Methodological issues
Are there any pending classification or measurement issues?
NO
If yes, please specify them.
Data validation
Do you check the quality of the data collected to compile JFSQ?
YES
If yes, please explain the quality assurance procedure.
parts are described in the weblink above
Do you compare JFSQ data with different data sources or do you perform other cross-checks?
YES
If yes, please explain your approach.
parts are described in the weblink above
Do you have validation rules and other plausibility checks for the outputs of your JFSQ data compilation process?
YES
If yes, please briefly describe them.
parts are described in the weblink above
4
Relevance
User needs
Please provide references to the relevance of JFSQ at national level e.g. main users, national indicator sets, quantitative policy targets etc.
5
Coherence and comparability
Coherence - cross domain
Do you compare the JFSQ results with business, energy and agricultural and foreign trade statistics?
YES
It not, please explain.
Do you compare the JFSQ results with business, energy and agricultural and foreign trade statistics?
YES
It not, please explain.
same question as in line 59?
Do you cross-check the JFSQ data with the results of European Forest Accounts?
YES
If yes, please indicate for which reporting items, and comments on the discrepancies observed, if any. It not, please explain.
Coherence - internal
Are there any other consistency issues related to your JFSQ data?
YES
If yes, please explain them.
For trade of pulp and paper products date of national federation are used, as they are more accureate, e.g. no double counting of producers and traders
6
Accessibility and clarity
Publications
Do you disseminate JFSQ data nationally (e.g. in news releases or other documents)?
NO
If yes, please provide URLs and/or the reference to the relevant publications.
Online database
Do you publish your JFSQ accounts in an online data base?
NO
If yes, please provide URLs.
Documentation on methodology
Did you prepare a description of your national JFSQ methodology or metadata?
YES
If yes, please provide URLs.
For estimation of removals see weblink above
Quality documentation
Do you have national quality documentation?
YES
If yes, please provide URLs.
Weblink above?
7
Other comments
Other comments
Please provide any further feedback you might have on the quality of the reported data, sources and methods used and/or Eurostat's validation and quality report templates.
Mechanical wood pulp, semi-chemical wood pulp and pulp from fibres other than wood 9.1+10.1
1000 mt
897.384
801.242
To fill:
1
1
Text:
0
0
JQ2 TTrade
61
62
61
62
91
92
91
92
FOREST SECTOR QUESTIONNAIRE JQ2
Country:
DE
Date:
0
both VALUE and quantity reported ZERO
Name of Official responsible for reply:
0
ZERO Q
quantity ZERO when VALUE is reported
INTRA-EU
The difference might be caused by Intra-EU trade
PRIMARY PRODUCTS
Official Address (in full):
0
This table highlights discrepancies between production and trade. For any negative number, indicating greater net exports than production, please verify your data!
ZERO V
Value ZERO when quantity is reported
CHECK
Trade
Telephone:
0
Fax:
0
This table highlights discrepancies between items and sub-items. Please verify your data if there's an error!
ZERO CHECK 1 - if no value please CHECK
NO Q
no quantity reported
ZERO CHECK 2 - if no value in Zero Check 1
Value must always be in 1000 NAC (national currency)
E-mail:
0
Flag
Flag
Flag
Flag
Flag
Flag
Flag
Flag
Note
Note
Note
Note
Note
Note
Note
Note
Country:
DE
NO V
no value reported
Treshold:
2
verifies whether the JQ2 figures refers only to intra-EU trade
Eurozone countries may use the old national currency, but only in both years
1000NAC
Trade
Discrepancies
REPORT
no figures reported
Product
Unit of
I M P O R T
E X P O R T
Import
Export
Import
Export
Product
I M P O R T
E X P O R T
Product
Apparent Consumption
Related Notes
Product
Value per
I M P O R T
E X P O R T
Column1
Column2
Product
Value per
I M P O R T
E X P O R T
code
Product
quantity
2018
2019
2018
2019
2018
2019
2018
2019
2018
2019
2018
2019
code
2018
2019
2018
2019
code
2018
2019
2018
2019
code
Product
unit
2018
2019
2018
2019
IMPORT
EXPORT
code
Product
unit
2018
2019
2018
2019
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
1
ROUNDWOOD (WOOD IN THE ROUGH)
1000 m3ub
9,340.788
568,203
7,613.673
452,406
5,505.334
468,864
8,769.105
680,479
1
ROUNDWOOD (WOOD IN THE ROUGH)
1000 m3ub
OK
OK
OK
OK
Error
OK
OK
OK
1
ROUNDWOOD (WOOD IN THE ROUGH)
1000 m3ub
79,068
175,506
1
ROUNDWOOD (WOOD IN THE ROUGH)
NAC/m3
61
59
85
78
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
1
ROUNDWOOD (WOOD IN THE ROUGH)
NAC/m3
1.1
WOOD FUEL (INCLUDING WOOD FOR CHARCOAL)
1000 m3ub
430.933
37,477
322.173
29,708
141.653
8,316
138.465
7,046
1.1
WOOD FUEL (INCLUDING WOOD FOR CHARCOAL)
1000 m3ub
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
1.1
WOOD FUEL (INCLUDING WOOD FOR CHARCOAL)
1000 m3ub
22,648
51,903
1.1
WOOD FUEL (INCLUDING WOOD FOR CHARCOAL)
NAC/m3
87
92
59
51
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
1.1
WOOD FUEL (INCLUDING WOOD FOR CHARCOAL)
NAC/m3
1.1.C
Coniferous
1000 m3ub
119.198
11,883
102.882
9,832
89.627
3,001
96.600
2,850
1.1.C
Coniferous
1000 m3ub
1.1.C
Coniferous
1000 m3ub
9,148
18,100
1.1.C
Coniferous
NAC/m3
100
96
33
30
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
1.1.C
Coniferous
NAC/m3
1.1.NC
Non-Coniferous
1000 m3ub
311.735
25,594
219.291
19,876
52.026
5,315
41.865
4,196
1.1.NC
Non-Coniferous
1000 m3ub
1.1.NC
Non-Coniferous
1000 m3ub
13,500
33,804
1.1.NC
Non-Coniferous
NAC/m3
82
91
102
100
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
1.1.NC
Non-Coniferous
NAC/m3
1.2
INDUSTRIAL ROUNDWOOD
1000 m3ub
8,909.855
530,726
7,291.500
422,698
5,363.681
460,548
8,630.640
673,433
1.2
INDUSTRIAL ROUNDWOOD
1000 m3ub
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
1.2
INDUSTRIAL ROUNDWOOD
1000 m3ub
56,420
123,603
1.2
INDUSTRIAL ROUNDWOOD
NAC/m3
60
58
86
78
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
1.2
INDUSTRIAL ROUNDWOOD
NAC/m3
1.2.C
Coniferous
1000 m3ub
8,385.160
476,639
6,842.766
373,306
3,899.734
277,157
7,210.630
501,856
1.2.C
Coniferous
1000 m3ub
1.2.C
Coniferous
1000 m3ub
50,610
246,317
1.2.C
Coniferous
NAC/m3
57
55
71
70
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
1.2.C
Coniferous
NAC/m3
1.2.NC
Non-Coniferous
1000 m3ub
524.695
54,087
448.734
49,392
1,463.947
183,391
1,420.010
171,577
1.2.NC
Non-Coniferous
1000 m3ub
1.2.NC
Non-Coniferous
1000 m3ub
5,810
-122,714
1.2.NC
Non-Coniferous
NAC/mt
103
110
125
121
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
1.2.NC
Non-Coniferous
NAC/mt
1.2.NC.T
of which: Tropical
1000 m3ub
7.847
4,008
9.476
4,636
4.752
2,455
4.366
2,614
1.2.NC.T
of which: Tropical
1000 m3ub
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
1.2.NC.T
of which: Tropical
1000 m3ub
3
1,553
1.2.NC.T
of which: Tropical
1000 m3
511
489
517
599
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
1.2.NC.T
of which: Tropical
1000 m3
2
WOOD CHARCOAL
1000 mt
235.071
109,876
185.126
92,761
26.829
23,258
21.082
20,734
2
WOOD CHARCOAL
1000 mt
2
WOOD CHARCOAL
1000 mt
238
86,648
2
WOOD CHARCOAL
1000 m3
467
501
867
983
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
2
WOOD CHARCOAL
1000 m3
3
WOOD CHIPS, PARTICLES AND RESIDUES
1000 m3
2,093.552
71,009
1,357.906
45,870
2,738.645
128,535
2,652.016
127,756
3
WOOD CHIPS, PARTICLES AND RESIDUES
1000 m3
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
3
WOOD CHIPS, PARTICLES AND RESIDUES
1000 m3
14,296
-42,636
3
WOOD CHIPS, PARTICLES AND RESIDUES
1000 m3
34
34
47
48
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
3
WOOD CHIPS, PARTICLES AND RESIDUES
1000 m3
3.1
WOOD CHIPS AND PARTICLES
1000 m3
1,307.246
41,456
747.015
23,074
1,995.080
83,276
1,858.778
81,219
3.1
WOOD CHIPS AND PARTICLES
1000 m3
3.1
WOOD CHIPS AND PARTICLES
1000 m3
9,926
-30,848
3.1
WOOD CHIPS AND PARTICLES
1000 mt
32
31
42
44
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
3.1
WOOD CHIPS AND PARTICLES
1000 mt
3.2
WOOD RESIDUES (INCLUDING WOOD FOR AGGLOMERATES)
1000 m3
786.306
29,553
610.891
22,796
743.565
45,259
793.238
46,537
3.2
WOOD RESIDUES (INCLUDING WOOD FOR AGGLOMERATES)
1000 m3
3.2
WOOD RESIDUES (INCLUDING WOOD FOR AGGLOMERATES)
1000 m3
4,371
-11,788
3.2
WOOD RESIDUES (INCLUDING WOOD FOR AGGLOMERATES)
1000 mt
38
37
61
59
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
3.2
WOOD RESIDUES (INCLUDING WOOD FOR AGGLOMERATES)
1000 mt
4
RECOVERED POST-CONSUMER WOOD
1000 mt
997.710
35,922
845.334
31,619
742.189
38,120
642.983
38,115
4
RECOVERED POST-CONSUMER WOOD
1000 mt
4
RECOVERED POST-CONSUMER WOOD
1000 mt
6,857
4,403
4
RECOVERED POST-CONSUMER WOOD
1000 mt
36
37
51
59
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
4
RECOVERED POST-CONSUMER WOOD
1000 mt
5
WOOD PELLETS AND OTHER AGGLOMERATES
1000 mt
729.275
117,611
561.365
88,023
686.150
162,044
763.098
175,928
5
WOOD PELLETS AND OTHER AGGLOMERATES
1000 mt
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
Error
OK
5
WOOD PELLETS AND OTHER AGGLOMERATES
1000 mt
2,748
-40,771
5
WOOD PELLETS AND OTHER AGGLOMERATES
NAC/m3
161
157
236
231
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
5
WOOD PELLETS AND OTHER AGGLOMERATES
NAC/m3
5.1
WOOD PELLETS
1000 mt
375.299
66,295
280.814
51,372
641.450
148,856
720.663
163,167
5.1
WOOD PELLETS
1000 mt
5.1
WOOD PELLETS
1000 mt
2,149
-79,740
5.1
WOOD PELLETS
NAC/m3
177
183
232
226
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
5.1
WOOD PELLETS
NAC/m3
5.2
OTHER AGGLOMERATES
1000 mt
353.976
51,316
280.551
36,651
44.700
13,188
42.435
12,761
5.2
OTHER AGGLOMERATES
1000 mt
5.2
OTHER AGGLOMERATES
1000 mt
599
38,969
5.2
OTHER AGGLOMERATES
NAC/m3
145
131
295
301
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
5.2
OTHER AGGLOMERATES
NAC/m3
6
SAWNWOOD (INCLUDING SLEEPERS)
1000 m3
5,553.892
1,341,766
5,248.327
1,213,183
9,043.016
2,147,964
9,631.371
2,074,615
6
SAWNWOOD (INCLUDING SLEEPERS)
1000 m3
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
6
SAWNWOOD (INCLUDING SLEEPERS)
1000 m3
20,280
-781,625
6
SAWNWOOD (INCLUDING SLEEPERS)
NAC/m3
242
231
238
215
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
6
SAWNWOOD (INCLUDING SLEEPERS)
NAC/m3
6.C
Coniferous
1000 m3
5,161.967
1,104,891
4,838.013
996,972
8,263.498
1,760,906
8,867.019
1,692,360
6.C
Coniferous
1000 m3
6.C
Coniferous
1000 m3
19,508
-632,708
6.C
Coniferous
NAC/m3
214
206
213
191
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
6.C
Coniferous
NAC/m3
6.NC
Non-Coniferous
1000 m3
391.925
236,875
410.314
216,211
779.518
387,058
764.352
382,255
6.NC
Non-Coniferous
1000 m3
6.NC
Non-Coniferous
1000 m3
772
-148,917
6.NC
Non-Coniferous
NAC/m3
604
527
497
500
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
6.NC
Non-Coniferous
NAC/m3
6.NC.T
of which: Tropical
1000 m3
71.890
67,506
73.792
59,143
36.431
42,377
33.136
37,699
6.NC.T
of which: Tropical
1000 m3
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
6.NC.T
of which: Tropical
1000 m3
36
25,131
6.NC.T
of which: Tropical
NAC/m3
939
801
1163
1138
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
6.NC.T
of which: Tropical
NAC/m3
7
VENEER SHEETS
1000 m3
111.871
153,730
105.896
149,308
62.564
142,401
57.780
139,206
7
VENEER SHEETS
1000 m3
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
Error
OK
7
VENEER SHEETS
1000 m3
138
11,427
7
VENEER SHEETS
NAC/m3
1374
1410
2276
2409
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
7
VENEER SHEETS
NAC/m3
7.C
Coniferous
1000 m3
28.407
19,032
27.724
18,392
0.588
1,985
0.530
2,401
7.C
Coniferous
1000 m3
7.C
Coniferous
1000 m3
40
17,061
7.C
Coniferous
NAC/m3
670
663
3376
4530
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
7.C
Coniferous
NAC/m3
7.NC
Non-Coniferous
1000 m3
83.464
134,698
78.172
130,916
61.976
140,416
57.250
136,805
7.NC
Non-Coniferous
1000 m3
7.NC
Non-Coniferous
1000 m3
97
-5,634
7.NC
Non-Coniferous
NAC/m3
1614
1675
2266
2390
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
7.NC
Non-Coniferous
NAC/m3
7.NC.T
of which: Tropical
1000 m3
10.108
13,231
8.380
12,376
2.867
10,943
2.489
10,593
7.NC.T
of which: Tropical
1000 m3
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
7.NC.T
of which: Tropical
1000 m3
8
2,289
7.NC.T
of which: Tropical
NAC/m3
1309
1477
3817
4256
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
7.NC.T
of which: Tropical
NAC/m3
8
WOOD-BASED PANELS
1000 m3
5,994.723
2,001,549
5,703.858
1,885,732
6,145.173
2,606,912
6,000.438
2,476,932
8
WOOD-BASED PANELS
1000 m3
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
8
WOOD-BASED PANELS
1000 m3
12,630
-592,955
8
WOOD-BASED PANELS
NAC/m3
334
331
424
413
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
8
WOOD-BASED PANELS
NAC/m3
8.1
PLYWOOD
1000 m3
1,619.917
846,336
1,477.554
783,125
392.903
281,307
372.812
263,129
8.1
PLYWOOD
1000 m3
OK
OK
OK
OK
Error
OK
OK
OK
8.1
PLYWOOD
1000 m3
1,345
565,140
8.1
PLYWOOD
NAC/m3
522
530
716
706
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
8.1
PLYWOOD
NAC/m3
8.1.C
Coniferous
1000 m3
609.096
244,802
518.673
221,608
139.330
74,348
133.153
72,288
8.1.C
Coniferous
1000 m3
8.1.C
Coniferous
1000 m3
504
170,498
8.1.C
Coniferous
NAC/m3
402
427
534
543
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
8.1.C
Coniferous
NAC/m3
8.1.NC
Non-Coniferous
1000 m3
1,010.821
601,535
958.881
561,517
253.573
206,960
239.659
190,841
8.1.NC
Non-Coniferous
1000 m3
8.1.NC
Non-Coniferous
1000 m3
840
394,642
8.1.NC
Non-Coniferous
NAC/m3
595
586
816
796
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
8.1.NC
Non-Coniferous
NAC/m3
8.1.NC.T
of which: Tropical
1000 m3
157.570
99,941
151.193
100,407
45.112
54,575
39.613
47,703
8.1.NC.T
of which: Tropical
1000 m3
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
8.1.NC.T
of which: Tropical
1000 m3
113
45,366
8.1.NC.T
of which: Tropical
NAC/m3
634
664
1210
1204
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
8.1.NC.T
of which: Tropical
NAC/m3
8.2
PARTICLE BOARD, ORIENTED STRAND BOARD (OSB) AND SIMILAR BOARD
1000 m3
2,967.272
745,955
2,737.291
690,899
2,432.904
644,000
2,334.071
601,234
8.2
PARTICLE BOARD, ORIENTED STRAND BOARD (OSB) AND SIMILAR BOARD
1000 m3
8.2
PARTICLE BOARD, ORIENTED STRAND BOARD (OSB) AND SIMILAR BOARD
1000 m3
7,522
108,833
8.2
PARTICLE BOARD, ORIENTED STRANDBOARD (OSB) AND SIMILAR BOARD
NAC/m3
251
252
265
258
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
8.2
PARTICLE BOARD, ORIENTED STRANDBOARD (OSB) AND SIMILAR BOARD
NAC/m3
8.2.1
of which: ORIENTED STRAND BOARD (OSB)
1000 m3
848.346
222,536
789.245
203,723
513.038
136,684
524.837
132,514
8.2.1
of which: ORIENTED STRAND BOARD (OSB)
1000 m3
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
8.2.1
of which: ORIENTED STRAND BOARD (OSB)
1000 m3
1,566
87,015
8.2.1
of which: ORIENTED STRANDBOARD (OSB)
NAC/m3
262
258
266
252
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
8.2.1
of which: ORIENTED STRANDBOARD (OSB)
NAC/m3
8.3
FIBREBOARD
1000 m3
1,407.534
409,258
1,489.013
411,708
3,319.366
1,681,605
3,293.555
1,612,569
8.3
FIBREBOARD
1000 m3
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
8.3
FIBREBOARD
1000 m3
3,763
-1,266,928
8.3
FIBREBOARD
NAC/m3
291
276
507
490
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
8.3
FIBREBOARD
NAC/m3
8.3.1
HARDBOARD
1000 m3
227.579
100,053
217.559
88,249
1,502.497
929,142
1,157.909
727,321
8.3.1
HARDBOARD
1000 m3
8.3.1
HARDBOARD
1000 m3
-1,275
-829,089
8.3.1
HARDBOARD
NAC/mt
440
406
618
628
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
8.3.1
HARDBOARD
NAC/mt
8.3.2
MEDIUM/HIGH DENSITY FIBREBOARD (MDF/HDF)
1000 m3
517.478
229,539
493.313
232,910
1,557.822
722,417
1,745.259
843,091
8.3.2
MEDIUM/HIGH DENSITY FIBREBOARD (MDF/HDF)
1000 m3
8.3.2
MEDIUM/HIGH DENSITY FIBREBOARD (MDF/HDF)
1000 m3
2,763
-489,249
8.3.2
MEDIUM/HIGH DENSITY FIBREBOARD (MDF/HDF)
NAC/mt
444
472
464
483
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
8.3.2
MEDIUM/HIGH DENSITY FIBREBOARD (MDF/HDF)
NAC/mt
8.3.3
OTHER FIBREBOARD
1000 m3
662.477
79,666
778.141
90,549
259.047
30,046
390.387
42,157
8.3.3
OTHER FIBREBOARD
1000 m3
8.3.3
OTHER FIBREBOARD
1000 m3
2,275
51,410
8.3.3
OTHER FIBREBOARD
NAC/mt
120
116
116
108
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
8.3.3
OTHER FIBREBOARD
NAC/mt
9
WOOD PULP
1000 mt
5,076.000
3,135,736
4,479.000
2,748,903
1,089.000
711,069
1,213.000
737,533
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
WOOD PULP
1000 mt
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
9
WOOD PULP
1000 mt
6,446
2,426,993
9
WOOD PULP
NAC/mt
618
614
653
608
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
9
WOOD PULP
NAC/mt
9.1
MECHANICAL AND SEMI-CHEMICAL WOOD PULP
1000 mt
179.000
101,557
193.000
114,365
103.000
47,178
90.000
43,391
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9.1
MECHANICAL AND SEMI-CHEMICAL WOOD PULP
1000 mt
9.1
MECHANICAL AND SEMI-CHEMICAL WOOD PULP
1000 mt
889
55,107
9.1
MECHANICAL AND SEMI-CHEMICAL WOOD PULP
NAC/mt
567
593
458
482
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
9.1
MECHANICAL AND SEMI-CHEMICAL WOOD PULP
NAC/mt
9.2
CHEMICAL WOOD PULP
1000 mt
4,478.000
2,683,323
3,911.000
2,312,458
973.000
648,267
1,111.000
680,546
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9.2
CHEMICAL WOOD PULP
1000 mt
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
9.2
CHEMICAL WOOD PULP
1000 mt
5,151
2,036,654
9.2
CHEMICAL WOOD PULP
NAC/mt
599
591
666
613
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
9.2
CHEMICAL WOOD PULP
NAC/mt
9.2.1
SULPHATE PULP
1000 mt
4,392.000
2,596,583
3,831.000
2,230,306
888.000
544,271
1,029.000
574,169
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9.2.1
SULPHATE PULP
1000 mt
9.2.1
SULPHATE PULP
1000 mt
4,554
2,053,321
9.2.1
SULPHATE PULP
NAC/mt
591
582
613
558
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
9.2.1
SULPHATE PULP
NAC/mt
9.2.1.1
of which: BLEACHED
1000 mt
4,263.000
2,526,621
3,720.000
2,171,197
881.000
539,744
1,017.000
566,964
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9.2.1.1
of which: BLEACHED
1000 mt
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
9.2.1.1
of which: BLEACHED
1000 mt
3,382
1,986,877
9.2.1.1
of which: BLEACHED
NAC/mt
593
584
613
557
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
9.2.1.1
of which: BLEACHED
NAC/mt
9.2.2
SULPHITE PULP
1000 mt
86.000
86,740
80.000
82,152
85.000
103,996
82.000
106,377
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9.2.2
SULPHITE PULP
1000 mt
9.2.2
SULPHITE PULP
1000 mt
597
-16,667
9.2.2
SULPHITE PULP
NAC/mt
1009
1027
1223
1297
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
9.2.2
SULPHITE PULP
NAC/mt
9.3
DISSOLVING GRADES
1000 mt
419.000
350,856
375.000
322,080
13.000
15,624
12.000
13,596
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9.3
DISSOLVING GRADES
1000 mt
9.3
DISSOLVING GRADES
1000 mt
406
335,232
9.3
DISSOLVING GRADES
NAC/mt
837
859
1202
1133
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
9.3
DISSOLVING GRADES
NAC/mt
10
OTHER PULP
1000 mt
113.000
30,733
138.000
33,374
139.000
64,645
118.000
57,240
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
OTHER PULP
1000 mt
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
10
OTHER PULP
1000 mt
14,437
-19,499
10
OTHER PULP
NAC/mt
272
242
465
485
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
10
OTHER PULP
NAC/mt
10.1
PULP FROM FIBRES OTHER THAN WOOD
1000 mt
16.000
23,009
14.000
19,856
1.000
1,010
1.000
1,261
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
10.1
PULP FROM FIBRES OTHER THAN WOOD
1000 mt
10.1
PULP FROM FIBRES OTHER THAN WOOD
1000 mt
99
22,072
10.1
PULP FROM FIBRES OTHER THAN WOOD
NAC/mt
1438
1418
1010
1261
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
10.1
PULP FROM FIBRES OTHER THAN WOOD
NAC/mt
10.2
RECOVERED FIBRE PULP
1000 mt
97.000
7,724
124.000
13,518
138.000
63,635
117.000
55,979
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
10.2
RECOVERED FIBRE PULP
1000 mt
10.2
RECOVERED FIBRE PULP
1000 mt
14,338
-41,571
10.2
RECOVERED FIBRE PULP
NAC/mt
80
109
461
478
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
10.2
RECOVERED FIBRE PULP
NAC/mt
11
RECOVERED PAPER
1000 mt
4,915.000
696,714
4,903.000
669,981
2,824.000
337,334
2,501.000
271,490
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
11
RECOVERED PAPER
1000 mt
11
RECOVERED PAPER
1000 mt
19,291
376,534
11
RECOVERED PAPER
NAC/mt
142
137
119
109
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
11
RECOVERED PAPER
NAC/mt
12
PAPER AND PAPERBOARD
1000 mt
11,631.569
8,898,689
10,996.908
8,979,520
14,277.573
12,148,749
14,260.659
11,930,404
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
12
PAPER AND PAPERBOARD
1000 mt
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
12
PAPER AND PAPERBOARD
1000 mt
20,036
-3,227,990
12
PAPER AND PAPERBOARD
NAC/mt
765
817
851
837
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
12
PAPER AND PAPERBOARD
NAC/mt
12.1
GRAPHIC PAPERS
1000 mt
5,213.742
3,533,510
4,706.343
3,508,067
5,629.628
4,326,335
5,285.071
4,299,661
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
12.1
GRAPHIC PAPERS
1000 mt
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
12.1
GRAPHIC PAPERS
1000 mt
7,518
-785,553
12.1
GRAPHIC PAPERS
NAC/mt
678
745
768
814
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
12.1
GRAPHIC PAPERS
NAC/mt
12.1.1
NEWSPRINT
1000 mt
782.517
389,609
750.007
399,222
459.295
225,917
450.512
236,471
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
12.1.1
NEWSPRINT
1000 mt
12.1.1
NEWSPRINT
1000 mt
1,533
164,777
12.1.1
NEWSPRINT
NAC/mt
498
532
492
525
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
12.1.1
NEWSPRINT
NAC/mt
12.1.2
UNCOATED MECHANICAL
1000 mt
641.719
426,085
569.363
399,411
1,010.555
553,230
940.927
545,508
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
12.1.2
UNCOATED MECHANICAL
1000 mt
12.1.2
UNCOATED MECHANICAL
1000 mt
1,677
-125,236
12.1.2
UNCOATED MECHANICAL
NAC/mt
664
702
547
580
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
12.1.2
UNCOATED MECHANICAL
NAC/mt
12.1.3
UNCOATED WOODFREE
1000 mt
1,268.944
1,086,119
1,217.805
1,089,512
984.144
1,086,251
958.855
1,135,827
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
12.1.3
UNCOATED WOODFREE
1000 mt
12.1.3
UNCOATED WOODFREE
1000 mt
1,921
1,420
12.1.3
UNCOATED WOODFREE
NAC/mt
856
895
1104
1185
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
12.1.3
UNCOATED WOODFREE
NAC/mt
12.1.4
COATED PAPERS
1000 mt
2,520.563
1,631,697
2,169.168
1,619,921
3,175.635
2,460,937
2,934.777
2,381,855
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
12.1.4
COATED PAPERS
1000 mt
12.1.4
COATED PAPERS
1000 mt
2,387
-826,513
12.1.4
COATED PAPERS
NAC/mt
647
747
775
812
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
12.1.4
COATED PAPERS
NAC/mt
12.2
HOUSEHOLD AND SANITARY PAPERS
1000 mt
205.120
259,765
198.000
271,000
132.750
214,905
122.000
206,000
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
12.2
HOUSEHOLD AND SANITARY PAPERS
1000 mt
12.2
HOUSEHOLD AND SANITARY PAPERS
1000 mt
1,580
46,358
12.2
HOUSEHOLD AND SANITARY PAPERS
NAC/mt
1266
1369
1619
1689
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
12.2
HOUSEHOLD AND SANITARY PAPERS
NAC/mt
12.3
PACKAGING MATERIALS
1000 mt
5,517.775
3,934,496
5,374.669
3,918,735
7,577.127
5,684,300
7,933.266
5,457,875
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
12.3
PACKAGING MATERIALS
1000 mt
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
12.3
PACKAGING MATERIALS
1000 mt
9,780
-1,737,848
12.3
PACKAGING MATERIALS
NAC/mt
713
729
750
688
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
12.3
PACKAGING MATERIALS
NAC/mt
12.3.1
CASE MATERIALS
1000 mt
2,862.804
1,327,352
2,634.570
1,184,764
4,378.702
2,136,731
4,708.802
1,933,546
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
12.3.1
CASE MATERIALS
1000 mt
12.3.1
CASE MATERIALS
1000 mt
7,060
-800,643
12.3.1
CASE MATERIALS
NAC/mt
464
450
488
411
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
12.3.1
CASE MATERIALS
NAC/mt
12.3.2
CARTONBOARD
1000 mt
1,381.929
1,412,619
1,465.607
1,516,324
2,061.233
2,357,607
2,127.018
2,385,499
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
12.3.2
CARTONBOARD
1000 mt
12.3.2
CARTONBOARD
1000 mt
1,086
-943,205
12.3.2
CARTONBOARD
NAC/mt
1022
1035
1144
1122
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
12.3.2
CARTONBOARD
NAC/mt
12.3.3
WRAPPING PAPERS
1000 mt
994.491
983,139
999.780
1,008,731
832.675
974,468
801.221
920,476
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
12.3.3
WRAPPING PAPERS
1000 mt
12.3.3
WRAPPING PAPERS
1000 mt
587
9,081
12.3.3
WRAPPING PAPERS
NAC/mt
989
1009
1170
1149
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
12.3.3
WRAPPING PAPERS
NAC/mt
12.3.4
OTHER PAPERS MAINLY FOR PACKAGING
1000 mt
278.552
211,386
274.712
208,916
304.517
215,494
296.225
218,354
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
12.3.4
OTHER PAPERS MAINLY FOR PACKAGING
1000 mt
12.3.4
OTHER PAPERS MAINLY FOR PACKAGING
1000 mt
1,047
-3,081
12.3.4
OTHER PAPERS MAINLY FOR PACKAGING
NAC/mt
759
760
708
737
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
12.3.4
OTHER PAPERS MAINLY FOR PACKAGING
NAC/mt
12.4
OTHER PAPER AND PAPERBOARD N.E.S. (NOT ELSEWHERE SPECIFIED)
1000 mt
216.017
443,337
215.988
497,199
341.103
806,102
313.163
810,881
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
12.4
OTHER PAPER AND PAPERBOARD N.E.S. (NOT ELSEWHERE SPECIFIED)
1000 mt
12.4
OTHER PAPER AND PAPERBOARD N.E.S. (NOT ELSEWHERE SPECIFIED)
1000 mt
1,276
-361,421
12.4
OTHER PAPER AND PAPERBOARD N.E.S. (NOT ELSEWHERE SPECIFIED)
NAC/mt
2052
2302
2363
2589
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
12.4
OTHER PAPER AND PAPERBOARD N.E.S. (NOT ELSEWHERE SPECIFIED)
Mechanical wood pulp, semi-chemical wood pulp and pulp from fibres other than wood 9.1+10.1
1000 mt
195.000
124566.000
207.000
134221.000
104.000
48188.000
91.000
44652.000
To fill:
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Text:
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
15.0087438393
84.9912561607
12.3082170099
24.3384397559
48.3445993948
15.9360815047
84.0639184953
12.0977717475
25.8758348097
46.0903119381
8.1585291293
91.8414708707
17.9506458913
17.4815047419
56.4093202374
8.5242468595
91.4757531405
17.8034822881
18.1427011582
55.5295696942
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
JQ3 SPW
62
91
91
Country:
DE
Date:
Name of Official responsible for reply:
0
Official Address (in full):
FOREST SECTOR QUESTIONNAIRE JQ3
0
SECONDARY PROCESSED PRODUCTS
Telephone/Fax:
0
0
Trade
E-mail:
0
This table highlights discrepancies between items and sub-items. Please verify your data if there's an error!
Vaue must always be in 1000 NAC (national currency)
Flag
Flag
Flag
Flag
Note
Note
Note
Note
Discrepancies
Eurozone countries may use the old national currency, but only in both years
1000NAC
Product
Product
I M P O R T V A L U E
E X P O R T V A L U E
Import
Export
Import
Export
Product
Product
I M P O R T V A L U E
E X P O R T V A L U E
code
2018
2019
2018
2019
2018
2019
2018
2019
2018
2019
2018
2019
Code
2018
2019
2018
2019
13
SECONDARY WOOD PRODUCTS
8,244,416
8,541,647
7,214,893
7,433,685
13
SECONDARY WOOD PRODUCTS
OK
OK
OK
OK
13.1
FURTHER PROCESSED SAWNWOOD
236,802
236,095
220,818
222,912
13.1
FURTHER PROCESSED SAWNWOOD
OK
OK
OK
OK
13.1.C
Coniferous
109,458
113,271
158,339
155,268
13.1.C
Coniferous
13.1.NC
Non-coniferous
127,344
122,824
62,479
67,644
13.1.NC
Non-coniferous
13.1.NC.T
of which: Tropical
54,655
52,721
6,928
7,325
13.1.NC.T
of which: Tropical
OK
OK
OK
OK
13.2
WOODEN WRAPPING AND PACKAGING MATERIAL
572,431
527,550
349,622
317,114
13.2
WOODEN WRAPPING AND PACKAGING MATERIAL
13.3
WOOD PRODUCTS FOR DOMESTIC/DECORATIVE USE
289,756
309,434
135,290
142,605
13.3
WOOD PRODUCTS FOR DOMESTIC/DECORATIVE USE
13.4
BUILDER’S JOINERY AND CARPENTRY OF WOOD
1,130,448
1,178,363
1,157,241
1,241,609
13.4
BUILDER’S JOINERY AND CARPENTRY OF WOOD
13.5
WOODEN FURNITURE
5,085,738
5,340,797
4,768,332
4,949,123
13.5
WOODEN FURNITURE
13.6
PREFABRICATED BUILDINGS OF WOOD
195,523
199,174
118,961
90,188
13.6
PREFABRICATED BUILDINGS OF WOOD
13.7
OTHER MANUFACTURED WOOD PRODUCTS
733,718
750,234
464,629
470,134
13.7
OTHER MANUFACTURED WOOD PRODUCTS
14
SECONDARY PAPER PRODUCTS
3,905,112
3,988,352
7,645,906
7,655,421
14
SECONDARY PAPER PRODUCTS
OK
OK
OK
OK
14.1
COMPOSITE PAPER AND PAPERBOARD
52,114
48,641
84,544
82,256
14.1
COMPOSITE PAPER AND PAPERBOARD
14.2
SPECIAL COATED PAPER AND PULP PRODUCTS
572,257
562,199
1,688,982
1,603,586
14.2
SPECIAL COATED PAPER AND PULP PRODUCTS
14.3
HOUSEHOLD AND SANITARY PAPER, READY FOR USE
834,704
858,955
1,225,562
1,259,674
14.3
HOUSEHOLD AND SANITARY PAPER, READY FOR USE
14.4
PACKAGING CARTONS, BOXES ETC.
1,370,844
1,394,836
2,934,504
2,988,486
14.4
PACKAGING CARTONS, BOXES ETC.
14.5
OTHER ARTICLES OF PAPER AND PAPERBOARD, READY FOR USE
1,075,193
1,123,721
1,712,314
1,721,419
14.5
OTHER ARTICLES OF PAPER AND PAPERBOARD, READY FOR USE
OK
OK
OK
OK
14.5.1
of which: PRINTING AND WRITING PAPER, READY FOR USE
23,851
23,793
69,534
71,941
14.5.1
of which: PRINTING AND WRITING PAPER, READY FOR USE
14.5.2
of which: ARTICLES, MOULDED OR PRESSED FROM PULP
77,319
85,206
48,632
57,350
14.5.2
of which: ARTICLES, MOULDED OR PRESSED FROM PULP
14.5.3
of which: FILTER PAPER AND PAPERBOARD, READY FOR USE
40,148
50,888
187,771
184,307
14.5.3
of which: FILTER PAPER AND PAPERBOARD, READY FOR USE
To fill:
0
0
0
0
Text:
0
0
0
0
LAM & CHIPS
Unit of quantity:
1000 mt
Year
Product
Flow
Year
App. Cons.
Unit price
Production
Total Export
Total Import
Extra-EU Export
Extra-EU Import
TOT EXP
TOT IMP
X-EU EXP
X-EU IMP
1000 mt
1000 mt
1000 NAC
1000 mt
1000 NAC
1000 mt
1000 NAC
1000 mt
1000 NAC
1000 mt
2018
Glulam
1180
2018
1180
ERROR:#DIV/0!
ERROR:#DIV/0!
ERROR:#DIV/0!
ERROR:#DIV/0!
2019
2019
0
ERROR:#DIV/0!
ERROR:#DIV/0!
ERROR:#DIV/0!
ERROR:#DIV/0!
2018
X-lam
210
2018
210
ERROR:#DIV/0!
ERROR:#DIV/0!
ERROR:#DIV/0!
ERROR:#DIV/0!
2019
2019
0
ERROR:#DIV/0!
ERROR:#DIV/0!
ERROR:#DIV/0!
ERROR:#DIV/0!
Year
CN-Code
Flow
Year
App. Cons.
Unit price
Production
Total Export
Total Import
Extra-EU Export
Extra-EU Import
TOT EXP
TOT IMP
X-EU EXP
X-EU IMP
1000 mt
1000 mt
1000 NAC
1000 mt
1000 NAC
1000 mt
1000 NAC
1000 mt
1000 NAC
1000 mt
We are not able to allocate the CN trade data to the EWPs
2018
4412 9940
./.
21.159
28,081
28.113
38,754
7.102
10,083
9.718
10,032
2018
./.
1,327.14
1378.5277522678
1419.820883499
1032.311161602
LVL or CLT?
2018
4412 9950
./.
0.759
4,072
6.304
9,154
0.400
2,552
1.339
983
2018
./.
5,367.78
1452.1399873404
6376.8117846978
734.1299544623
LVL or CLT?
2018
4412 9985
./.
7.337
11,687
23.096
29,349
5.004
7,519
1.078
1,509
2018
./.
1,592.93
1270.7615272991
1502.4777612682
1400.4639989108
LVL or CLT?
2018
4418 6000
./.
2.407
2,475
22.698
13,800
1.506
1,812
1.518
851
2018
./.
1,028.12
607.9750361527
1202.8678024971
560.6429922975
I-BEAMS / I-JOISTS?
2018
4418 9910
./.
201.321
219,059
191.782
206,770
83.182
85,681
22.170
27,910
2018
./.
1,088.11
1078.1501083413
1030.0474925678
1258.9027701078
GLULAM?
2018
4418 9990
./.
88.916
148,500
83.553
130,173
27.584
56,819
8.621
23,136
2018
./.
1,670.11
1557.9766631694
2059.8311041675
2683.6793931989
GLULAM or CLT?
2018
4421 9999
./.
408.255
344,507
520.387
539,492
44.019
72,939
141.651
205,365
2018
./.
843.85
1036.7126692686
1656.9814972565
1449.7987207808
GLULAM or CLT?
2019
4412 9940
./.
19.324
26,632
29.122
41,852
6.283
8,847
5.391
6,112
2019
./.
1,378.21
1437.111783524
1407.9732841706
1133.8045235275
LVL or CLT?
2019
4412 9950
./.
0.779
3,085
9.480
11,784
0.224
1,073
4.448
2,925
2019
./.
3,958.68
1243.0772968529
4785.9055036928
657.5989023536
LVL or CLT?
2019
4412 9985
./.
5.978
8,810
24.883
33,387
2.564
3,460
1.417
1,838
2019
./.
1,473.66
1341.737853295
1349.2434672581
1297.2897033491
LVL or CLT?
2019
4418 6000
./.
5.212
4,903
16.937
11,351
3.288
3,570
1.084
863
2019
./.
940.64
670.1816013776
1085.8985280372
795.8318030516
I-BEAMS / I-JOISTS?
2019
4418 9910
./.
195.127
214,226
190.535
206,791
73.451
77,131
18.322
26,806
2019
./.
1,097.88
1085.3187883558
1050.0957090811
1463.0339234569
GLULAM?
2019
4418 9990
./.
98.027
162,705
99.724
161,200
27.254
59,913
9.894
25,142
2019
./.
1,659.80
1616.4565454295
2198.3597807554
2541.1617171479
GLULAM or CLT?
2019
4421 9999
./.
408.782
353,598
512.359
569,863
47.880
79,196
150.180
228,922
2019
./.
865.00
1112.2344600282
1654.0690677981
1524.3205206697
GLULAM or CLT?
Definitions:
Glulam: Builders' carpentry also includes glue-laminated timber (glulam), which is a structural timber product obtained by gluing together a number of wood laminations having their grain essentially parallel. Laminations of curved members are arranged so that the plane of each lamination is at 90 degrees to the plane of the applied load; thus, laminations of a straight gluman beam are laid flat. [from HS 4418, Builders' joinery and carpentry of wood, including cellular wood panels, assembled flooring panels, shingles and shakes]
X-lam: Panels consisting of laths of roughly sawn wood, assembled with glue in order to facilitate transport or later working. [from HS4421, Other articles of wood]
ECE-EU Species
Country:
DE
Date:
Name of Official responsible for reply:
0
DISCREPANCIES
FOREST SECTOR QUESTIONNAIRE ECE/EU Species Trade
Official Address (in full):
Checks
Check Table
0
0
both VALUE and quantity reported ZERO
Trade in Roundwood and Sawnwood by species
Telephone:
0
Fax:
0
- checks whether the sum of subitems is bigger than the total
ZERO Q
quantity ZERO when VALUE is reported
E-mail:
0
ZERO V
Value ZERO when quantity is reported
Zero check - if no value please CHECK
NO Q
no quantity reported
Value must always be in 1000 NAC ( national currency)
Flag
Flag
Flag
Flag
Flag
Flag
Flag
Flag
Note
Note
Note
Note
Note
Note
Note
Note
NO V
no value reported
Treshold:
2
Eurozone countries may use the old national currency, but only in both years
1000NAC
REPORT
no figures reported
I M P O R T
E X P O R T
Import
Export
Import
Export
I M P O R T
E X P O R T
Value per
I M P O R T
E X P O R T
Unit price check
Product
Classification
Classification
Unit of
2018
2019
2018
2019
2018
2019
2018
2019
2018
2019
2018
2019
2018
2019
2018
2019
Classification
Classification
unit
2018
2019
2018
2019
IMPORT
EXPORT
Code
HS2017
CN2017
Product
Quantity
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
HS2007
CN2007
Product
1.2.C
4403.11/21/22/23/24/25/26
Industrial Roundwood, Coniferous
1000 m3ub
8,385.160
476,639
6,842.77
373,306.00
3,899.734
277,157
7,210.63
501,856.00
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
4403.11/21/22/23/24/25/26
0
NAC/m3
57
55
71
70
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
PRODUCTION
I M P O R T
E X P O R T
ex4403.11
Fir/Spruce (Abies spp., Picea spp.)
1000 m3ub
4,973.653
315,721
4,783.66
266,779.00
3,008.209
216,913
6,217.43
441,037.00
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
ex4403.11
Fir/Spruce (Abies spp., Picea spp.)
NAC/m3
63
56
72
71
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
Product
Classification
Classification
Unit of
2018
2019
2018
2019
2018
2019
4403.23/24
4403 23 10
sawlogs and veneer logs
1000 m3ub
3,463.464
249,385
3,655.80
214,048.00
2,245.020
169,593
4,735.15
368,678.00
4403.23/24
4403 23 10
sawlogs and veneer logs (Abies alba, Picea abies)
NAC/m3
72
59
76
78
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
Code
HS2007
CN2007
Product
Quantity
Quantity
Quantity
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
ex4403 11 00 4403 23 90
4403 24 00
pulpwood and other industrial roundwood
1000 m3ub
1,510.189
66,336
1,127.86
52,731.00
763.189
47,320
1,482.28
72,359.00
ex4403 11 00 4403 23 90
4403 24 00
pulpwood and other industrial roundwood (Abies alba, Picea abies)
NAC/m3
44
47
62
49
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
1
4401.11/12 44.03
Roundwood production
1000 m3
JQ1
75,233
76,167
ex4403.11
Pine (Pinus spp.)
1000 m3ub
2,859.954
130,788
1,658.71
84,117.00
579.423
36,521
627.28
34,089.00
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
ex4403.11
Pine (Pinus spp.)
NAC/m3
46
51
63
54
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
EU2
75,233
76,167
4403.21/22
4403 21 10
sawlogs and veneer logs
1000 m3ub
898.565
62,282
576.16
43,324.00
353.453
24,837
304.31
17,998.00
4403.21/22
4403 21 10
sawlogs and veneer logs (Pinus sylvestris)
NAC/m3
69
75
70
59
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
dif
0
0
ex4403 11 00
4403 21 90
4403 22 00
pulpwood and other industrial roundwood
1000 m3ub
1,961.389
68,506
1,082.55
40,793.00
225.970
11,684
322.98
16,091.00
ex4403 11 00
4403 21 90
4403 22 00
pulpwood and other industrial roundwood (Pinus sylvestris)
NAC/m3
35
38
52
50
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
1.2.C
4403.11/21/22/23/24/25/26
Industrial Roundwood (wood in the rough), Coniferous
1000 m3
JQ2
8,385
476,639
6,843
373,306
3,900
277,157
7,211
501,856
ex4403.11
Other / Non-specified
1000 m3ub
542.254
26,601
380.04
19,257.00
305.754
14,533
352.83
25,034.00
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
ex4403.11
Other / Non-specified
NAC/m3
49
51
48
71
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
ECE/EU
8,385
476,639
6,843
373,306
3,900
277,157
7,211
501,856
4403.25/26
4403 25 10
sawlogs and veneer logs
1000 m3ub
122.433
8,272
66.33
4,186.00
203.122
8,272
223.25
15,715.00
4403.25/26
4403 25 10
sawlogs and veneer logs
NAC/m3
68
63
41
70
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
dif
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
ex4403 11 00
4403 25 90
4403 26 00
pulpwood and other industrial roundwood
1000 m3ub
419.821
18,329
313.71
15,071.00
102.632
6,261
129.58
9,319.00
ex4403 11 00
4403 25 90
4403 26 00
pulpwood and other industrial roundwood
NAC/m3
44
48
61
72
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
1.2.NC
4403.12/41/49/91/93/94/95/96/97/98/99
Industrial Roundwood (wood in the rough), Non-Coniferous
Light blue cells are requested only for EU members using the Combined Nomenclature to fill in - other countries are welcome to do so if their trade classification nomenclature permits
"ex" codes indicate that only part of that trade classication code is used
Please note that information on tropical species trade is requested in questionnaire ITTO2 for ITTO member countries
Value must always be in 1000 NAC (national currency)
1000 NAC
I M P O R T
E X P O R T
Product
Classifications
2018
2019
2018
2019
HS2007/HS2002/HS96
Scientific Name
Local/Trade Name
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
(1000 m3)
(1000 m3)
(1000 m3)
(1000 m3)
1.2.NC.T
HS2017:
Industrial Roundwood, Tropical
ex4403.12 4403.41/49
4403 41 00
2.618
1,351
2.239
1,183
0.199
141
0.004
3
HS2012/2007:
4403 49 10
2.618
1,351
2.239
1,183
0.199
141
0.517
301
ex4403.10 4403.41/49 ex4403.99
4403 49 35
1.409
774
1.209
690
0.080
57
0.018
12
4403 49 85
3.820
1,883
6.028
2,763
4.473
2,257
3.827
2,298
6.NC.T
HS2017:
4407 21 10
0.042
43
0.043
63
0.023
42
0.036
110
4407 21 99
0.058
96
0.006
5
0.028
91
0.013
28
4407 22 10
0.756
612
2.011
1,560
0.732
598
1.975
1,598
4407 22 91
0.266
153
0.070
41
0.003
6
0.012
24
4407 22 99
0.686
629
0.329
295
0.055
33
0.028
29
4407 25 30
0.083
136
0.072
123
0.079
121
0.087
126
4407 25 90
14.270
9,856
13.153
9,305
3.480
2,707
3.255
2,491
4407 26 90
0.267
143
0.373
217
0.239
129
0.293
172
4407 27 99
6.057
4,359
8.561
6,407
5.485
4,856
4.946
4,666
Sawnwood, Tropical
ex4406.12/92 4407.21/22/25/26/27/28/29
4407 28 99
4.007
3,246
2.405
1,912
3.072
2,955
2.697
2,888
4407 29 15
1.629
842
1.254
715
0.024
50
HS2012/2007:
4407 29 83
2.531
2,279
1.747
1,755
1.237
1,818
1.060
1,782
ex4406.10/90 4407.21/22/25/26/27/28/30
4407 29 85
0.021
67
4407 29 95
35.315
37,904
37.423
29,277
18.595
21,680
14.920
17,948
4407 29 96
0.079
97
0.127
133
0.003
7
0.107
126
4407 29 98
5.823
7,044
6.026
7,286
2.771
5,822
3.114
4,210
7.NC.T
HS2017:
4408 31 21
0.000
2
0.000
0
Veneer Sheets, Tropical
4408.31/39
4408 31 30
0.002
3
0.029
67
0.094
149
0.096
96
HS2012/2007:
4408 39 15
0.267
557
0.054
124
0.018
271
0.005
5
4408 39 21
0.005
5
4408.31/39 ex4408.90
4408 39 30
0.715
2,397
0.888
2,733
1.406
3,320
1.194
1,194
4408 39 55
0.074
148
0.040
100
0.068
212
0.001
1
4408 39 70
0.780
978
1.048
1,341
4408 39 85
1.279
5,113
0.876
4,038
0.847
5,045
0.823
823
4408 39 95
6.991
4,035
5.445
3,973
0.434
1,944
0.365
365
8.1.NC.T
HS2017:
Plywood, Tropical
4412.31 ex4412.94/99
4412 31 10
20.403
18,648
20.473
19,411
1.049
2,121
1.202
1,818
HS2012/2007:
4412 31 90
118.720
68,733
109.289
66,188
42.577
48,245
36.866
42,779
4412.31 ex4412.32/94/99
Note: List the major species traded in each category. Use additional sheet if more species to be explicitly reported. For tropical plywood, identify by face veneer if composed of more than one species.
ITTO3-Miscellaneous
Country:
Date:
Name of Official responsible for reply:
Official Address (in full):
FOREST SECTOR QUESTIONNAIRE ITTO3
Miscellaneous Items
Telephone:
Fax:
(use additional paper if necessary)
E-mail:
1
Please enter current import tariff rates applied to tropical and non-tropical timber products. If available, please provide tariffs by the relevant customs classification category. If tariff levels have been reported in previous years, enter changes only. (Logs = JQ code 1.2, Sawn = JQ code 6, Veneer = JQ code 7, and Plywood = JQ code 8.1)
Current import tariff
Logs
Tropical:
Sawn
Tropical:
Veneer
Tropical:
Plywood
Tropical:
Non-Tropical:
Non-Tropical:
Non-Tropical:
Non-Tropical:
Comments (if any):
2
Please comment on any quotas, incentives, disincentives, tariff/non-tariff barriers or other related factors which now or in future will significantly affect your production and trade of tropical timber products.
3
Please elaborate on any short or medium term plans for expanding capacity for (further) processing of tropical timber products in your country.
4
Please indicate any trends or changes expected in the species composition of your trade. How important are lesser-used tropical timber species and/or minor tropical forest products?
5
Please indicate trends in domestic building activity, housing starts, mortgage/interest rates, substitution of non-tropical wood and/or non-wood products for tropical timbers, and any other domestic factors having a significant impact on tropical timber consumption in your country.
6
Please indicate the extent of foreign involvement in your timber sector (e.g. number and nationalities of concessionaires/mill (joint) owners, area of forest allocated, scale of investment, etc.).
7
Please provide details of any relevant forest law enforcement activities (e.g. legislation, fines, arrests, etc.) in your country in the past year.
8
Please indicate the current extent of forest plantations in your country (ha), annual establishment rate (ha/yr) and proportion of industrial roundwood production from plantations.
The term "ex" means that there is not a complete correlation between the two codes and that only a part of the HS2012/HS2017 or SITC Rev.4 code is applicable.
For instance "ex4401.40" under product 3.2 means that only a part of HS2017 code 4401.40 refers to wood residues coming from wood processing (the other part coded under 4401.40 is recovered post-consumer wood).
In SITC Rev.4, if only 4 digits are shown, then all sub-headings at lower degrees of aggregation are included (for example, 634.1 includes 634.11 and 634.12).
* - Please assign the trade data for HS code 4411.14 to product 8.3.2 (MDF/HDF) and 8.3.3 (other fibreboard) if it is possible to do this in national statistics. If not, please assign all the trade data to item 8.3.2 as in most cases MDF/HDF will represent the large majority of trade.
OTHER ARTICLES OF PAPER AND PAPERBOARD, READY FOR USE
48.14/16/17/20/21/22/23
48.14/16/17/20/21/22/23
641.94 642.2 642.3 642.42/45/91/93/99 892.81
14.5.1
of which: PRINTING AND WRITING PAPER, READY FOR USE
ex4823.90
ex4823.90
ex642.99
14.5.2
of which: ARTICLES, MOULDED OR PRESSED FROM PULP
4823.70
4823.70
ex642.99
14.5.3
of which: FILTER PAPER AND PAPERBOARD, READY FOR USE
4823.20
4823.20
642.45
Notes:
The term "ex" means that there is not a complete correlation between the two codes and that only a part of the HS2012/HS2017 or SITC Rev.4 code is applicable.
For instance "ex811.00" under "Prefabricated buildings of wood" means that only a part of SITC code 811.00 refers to buildings prefabricated from wood, as that code does not distinguish between the materials buildings were prefabricated from.
In SITC Rev.4, if only 4 digits are shown, then all subheadings at lower degrees of aggregation are included (for example, 892.2 includes 892.21 and 892.29).
Dear Correspondent,
Thank you for contributing to the Joint Forest Sector Questionnaire (JFSQ). Before filling in the worksheets, please read these guidelines.
The 2019 JFSQ has been changed following the decisions of the Inter-Secretariat Working Group of January 2019. Please use only this questionnaire to report your data. The 2019 JFSQ contains no pre-filling.
Use this questionnaire also to revise any historical data - fill in the correct year and your name on the cover page.
The worksheet 'LAM' covers data on Glulam and X-lam. This sheet has a yellow drop-down cell where you can choose your unit of measurement.
The total number of sheets to be filled in is eight core sheets (green tabs - to be validated by Eurostat) plus three for ITTO (brown tabs - not validated by Eurostat). The following auxiliary sheets (grey tabs) are meant to help you and to improve quality:
• 'Check JQ-EU' and 'Check EU1-JQ2' ensure that data are consistent
• Two cross-reference tables with the classifications; the CN and PRODCOM cross-references are provided in a separate file.
Put all your data into one Excel file. If you send some data in later, give your file a new version number and date (see A.1.) and notify us of the changes with respect to the previous version. Only send us completely filled-in sheets, highlighting the changes in yellow. Do not delete worksheets.
Each sheet has a working area for your input. Most sheets have checking cells and tables.
Each working area has white cells and shaded cells. Eurostat has highlighted the variables it considers most important for its publications - please fill those in as a priority.
When you submit a revision, please highlight changes in yellow and explain them in the appropriate 'Note' column.
Please use flags and notes (see A.5). This information is important for Eurostat.
A. General recommendations
A.1 Please give your file a meaningful name by changing all the placeholders in the file sent to you.
Example:
2017_JFSQ_[Country]_V[Version]_[DD][MMM][YYYY].xls
• Country = your country's two-digit code from the cover sheet
• Version = the version of the file you are sending (1-99)
• DD = the day of sending
• MMM = the month of sending in text, e.g. APR for April, AUG for August
• YYYY = the year of sending
A.2 The cover page is for your contact details, which are automatically copied to the other worksheets
• Check your country code
• If necessary change the reference year [red cell] as appropriate - the previous year will appear automatically
If you distribute worksheets to various experts, they can each put their contact details into the sheets. It will then be your job to put all the information together again and to verify the checking tables, since some of them will not work as designed in isolation.
A.3 Look at the unit of measurement to be used for each item and report in this unit if possible, using the conversion factors on the last page of the JFSQ definitions. Please report the monetary values in the same unit for both reporting years.
Only report data or modify cells in the working areas. Please do not delete checking areas or checking sheets.
• Look at the checking areas and make the necessary corrections to your data to remove all warnings (see the specific recommendations) before sending in your data.
Fill in real zeroes '0' in the worksheets if there is no production or trade. Empty cells will be interpreted as 'Data not available'.
• There are counters at the bottom of the tables to indicate the number of cells left to be filled in and the number of cells filled with text.
Report all data with at least three decimals. Do not use a separator for thousands; for the decimal point, please use the one set up by default.
A.4 Report numbers only. If data are confidential, please provide them if possible, appropriately flagged (see A.5).
• Eurostat has a right to all confidential data necessary for its work. It has an obligation to use such data only in aggregates and to respect all the legal obligations.
• If you cannot provide confidential data, a good option is to send in your own estimate flagged as a national estimate '9'
• As a last resort, leave the cell empty, flag it and write a note indicating data sources and links.
Checking tables contain formulae to sum up the totals for sub-items.
A.5 Flag cells and write notes as appropriate. Flags should be entered in the 'Flag' columns and notes in the 'Note' columns for the appropriate year and item. The flags to use are:
• 5 for repeating the data of a previous year
• 6 for confidential data
• 7 for provisional data
• 9 for national estimate
B Specific recommendations
B.1 Sheet 'Removals over bark' is for volumes of wood products measured over bark. General over bark/under bark conversion factors are calculated automatically.
• Should you use different conversion factor(s) please delete the ones provided and insert your own
• If you only have under bark data, please leave this worksheet empty, but revise the table with the conversion factors.
• Unchanged conversion factors will be considered revised
A checking table verifies that sums of sub-items agree with the totals
B.2 Checking tables on worksheets improve data quality, verifying that:
• The sum of the sub-items equals the total
• The sum of 'of which' items is not larger than the total
All cells in a checking table should be zero or empty. If this is not the case, please check your numbers for the sub-items and totals. The checking table indicates the difference, so if you see a negative value, you will have to decide which number should be increased by that amount. The only exception is when no data are entered due to confidentiality.
B.3 Worksheets 'JQ2' and 'EU1' contain a checking table for apparent consumption and for unit values.
Apparent consumption = Production + Imports – Exports. It should be positive or nil. If this is not the case, the cell will change colour and indicate the difference.
• Please correct the data in the sheets until checking results are positive or nil. One solution is to increase production
• If the data are correct but apparent consumption is still negative, please explain why in the 'Note' column provided in the apparent consumption checking table.
B.4 Sheets 'JQ2', 'ECE/EU Species Trade' and 'EU1' on trade have checking tables to verify data consistency. Both quantity and value must be present.
When something is missing, messages or coloured cells appear in the checking tables. Please correct your data until all warnings disappear.
The meaning of the messages is:
• 0: both value and quantity are zero – all is well, there is no trade
• ZERO Q: value is reported, quantity is zero - please correct
• ZERO V: quantity is reported, value is zero - please correct
• REPORT: both quantity and value are blank - please fill in
• NO Q: blank cell for quantity – please fill in
• NO V: blank cell for value – please fill in
Please enter even very small numbers to resolve problems, using as many decimal places as necessary.
If there is no way to correct the problem, please write an explanation in the 'Note' column.
If there is no trade for a product, please enter 0 for both quantity and value.
B.5 'Check JQ-EU' cross-checks the data in four sheets. This concerns the three roundwood items in sheets 'JQ1' and 'EU2' and the four industrial roundwood and sawnwood items in sheets 'JQ2' and 'ECE/EU Species Trade'.
• When the four sheets are filled in correctly, this checking sheet should have no 'WRONG' messages (red)
• When there are such messages, please follow the row in which a cell in magenta indicates a mistake back to column F to find out which two tables are concerned. The difference between the numbers is in the 'dif'-row.
• Please correct working sheets until all warnings disappear
B.6 'Check EU1-JQ2' cross-checks data on total trade with extra-EU trade. The numbers in 'JQ2' should be greater than or equal to those in 'EU1'.
• If there are 'WRONG' messages (red), please go back to the data in EU1 and/or JQ2 and correct it
• Please correct working sheets until all warnings disappear
Thank you for collecting data for the JFSQ.
Eurostat's Forestry Team
Cover
Joint Forest Sector Questionnaire
2018
DATA INPUT FILE
Correspondent country:
DE
Reference year:
2018
Fill in the year
Name of person responsible for reply:
Official address (in full):
Telephone:
Fax:
E-mail:
Removals over bark
Country:
DE
Date:
Country:
DE
Name of Official responsible for reply:
0
Check Table
Official Address (in full):
EU JQ1 OB
0
FOREST SECTOR QUESTIONNAIRE
Telephone:
0
0
Discrepancies
Removals
E-mail:
0
if not 0, please verify !!!
Year 1
Year 2
Flag
Flag
Note
Note
Product
Product
Unit
2017
2018
2017
2018
2017
2018
Product
Product
Unit
2017
2018
Code
Quantity
Quantity
Code
Quantity
Quantity
ROUNDWOOD REMOVALS OVERBARK
ROUNDWOOD REMOVALS OVERBARK
1
ROUNDWOOD (WOOD IN THE ROUGH)
1000 m3ub
1
ROUNDWOOD (WOOD IN THE ROUGH)
1000 m3ub
0
0
1.1
WOOD FUEL (INCLUDING WOOD FOR CHARCOAL)
1000 m3ub
1.1
WOOD FUEL (INCLUDING WOOD FOR CHARCOAL)
1000 m3ub
0
0
1.1.C
Coniferous
1000 m3ub
1.1.C
Coniferous
1000 m3ub
1.1.NC
Non-Coniferous
1000 m3ub
1.1.NC
Non-Coniferous
1000 m3ub
1.2
INDUSTRIAL ROUNDWOOD
1000 m3ub
1.2
INDUSTRIAL ROUNDWOOD
1000 m3ub
0
0
1.2.C
Coniferous
1000 m3ub
1.2.C
Coniferous
1000 m3ub
0
0
1.2.NC
Non-Coniferous
1000 m3ub
1.2.NC
Non-Coniferous
1000 m3ub
0
0
1.2.NC.T
of which: Tropical
1000 m3ub
1.2.NC.T
of which: Tropical
1000 m3ub
OK
OK
1.2.1
SAWLOGS AND VENEER LOGS
1000 m3ub
1.2.1
SAWLOGS AND VENEER LOGS
1000 m3ub
0
0
1.2.1.C
Coniferous
1000 m3ub
1.2.1.C
Coniferous
1000 m3ub
1.2.1.NC
Non-Coniferous
1000 m3ub
1.2.1.NC
Non-Coniferous
1000 m3ub
1.2.2
PULPWOOD, ROUND AND SPLIT
1000 m3ub
1.2.2
PULPWOOD, ROUND AND SPLIT
1000 m3ub
0
0
1.2.2.C
Coniferous
1000 m3ub
1.2.2.C
Coniferous
1000 m3ub
1.2.2.NC
Non-Coniferous
1000 m3ub
1.2.2.NC
Non-Coniferous
1000 m3ub
1.2.3
OTHER INDUSTRIAL ROUNDWOOD
1000 m3ub
1.2.3
OTHER INDUSTRIAL ROUNDWOOD
1000 m3ub
0
0
1.2.3.C
Coniferous
1000 m3ub
1.2.3.C
Coniferous
1000 m3ub
1.2.3.NC
Non-Coniferous
1000 m3ub
1.2.3.NC
Non-Coniferous
1000 m3ub
To fill:
17
17
Text:
0
0
Product
Product
Unit
2017
2018
Code
CF
CF
OVERBARK/UNDERBARK CONVERSION FACTORS
1
ROUNDWOOD (WOOD IN THE ROUGH)
m3/m3
0.000
0.000
1.1
WOOD FUEL (INCLUDING WOOD FOR CHARCOAL)
m3/m3
0.000
0.000
1.1.C
Coniferous
m3/m3
0.000
0.000
1.1.NC
Non-Coniferous
m3/m3
0.000
0.000
1.2
INDUSTRIAL ROUNDWOOD
m3/m3
1.100
1.100
1.2.C
Coniferous
m3/m3
1.200
1.200
1.2.NC
Non-Coniferous
m3/m3
0.000
0.000
1.2.NC.T
of which: Tropical
m3/m3
ERROR:#DIV/0!
ERROR:#DIV/0!
1.2.1
SAWLOGS AND VENEER LOGS
m3/m3
0.000
0.000
1.2.1.C
Coniferous
m3/m3
0.000
0.000
1.2.1.NC
Non-Coniferous
m3/m3
1.100
1.100
1.2.2
PULPWOOD, ROUND AND SPLIT
m3/m3
1.200
1.200
1.2.2.C
Coniferous
m3/m3
0.000
0.000
1.2.2.NC
Non-Coniferous
m3/m3
1.100
1.100
1.2.3
OTHER INDUSTRIAL ROUNDWOOD
m3/m3
1.200
1.200
1.2.3.C
Coniferous
m3/m3
0.000
0.000
1.2.3.NC
Non-Coniferous
m3/m3
1.100
1.100
JQ1 Production
Country:
DE
Date:
Country:
DE
Name of Official responsible for reply:
0
Official Address (in full):
Should we make missing data into 0?
FOREST SECTOR QUESTIONNAIRE JQ1
0
Not included: trade in chips
Industrial Roundwood Balance
PRIMARY PRODUCTS
Telephone:
0
0
This table highlights discrepancies between items and sub-items. Please verify your data for any non-zero figure!
Discrepancies
Removals and Production
E-mail:
0
test for good numbers, missing number, bad number, negative number
Year -1
Year
Flag
Flag
Note
Note
Product
Product
Unit
2017
2018
2017
2018
2017
2018
Product
Product
Unit
2017
2018
2017
2018
% change
Conversion factors
Code
Quantity
Quantity
Code
Quantity
Quantity
Roundwood
Industrial roundwood availability
McCusker 14/6/07: McCusker 14/6/07:
minus 1.2.3 (other ind. RW) production
47,779
242,989
409%
m3 of wood in m3 or mt of product
REMOVALS OF ROUNDWOOD (WOOD IN THE ROUGH)
REMOVALS OF ROUNDWOOD (WOOD IN THE ROUGH)
Recovered wood used in particle board
2016
2015
-0%
Solid wood equivalent
1
ROUNDWOOD (WOOD IN THE ROUGH)
1000 m3ub
65,717.379
71,802.090
9
9
Official data are underestimating domestic removals. For this national estimate we use an calculation approach based on the amount of used roundwood.
Official data are underestimating domestic removals. For this national estimate we use an calculation approach based on the amount of used roundwood.
1
ROUNDWOOD (WOOD IN THE ROUGH)
1000 m3ub
0
0
Solid Wood Demand
agglomerate production
2,428
2,705
11%
2.4
1.1
WOOD FUEL (INCLUDING WOOD FOR CHARCOAL)
1000 m3ub
22,388.937
21,874.113
9
9
Official data are underestimating domestic removals. For this national estimate we use an calculation approach based on the amount of used roundwood.
Official data are underestimating domestic removals. For this national estimate we use an calculation approach based on the amount of used roundwood.
1.1
WOOD FUEL (INCLUDING WOOD FOR CHARCOAL)
1000 m3ub
0
0
Sawnwood production
23,168
23,743
2%
1
1.1.C
Coniferous
1000 m3ub
8,432.766
8,134.888
9
9
Official data are underestimating domestic removals. For this national estimate we use an calculation approach based on the amount of used roundwood.
Official data are underestimating domestic removals. For this national estimate we use an calculation approach based on the amount of used roundwood.
1.1.C
Coniferous
1000 m3ub
veneer production
89
88
-1%
1
1.1.NC
Non-Coniferous
1000 m3ub
13,956.171
13,739.225
9
9
Official data are underestimating domestic removals. For this national estimate we use an calculation approach based on the amount of used roundwood.
Official data are underestimating domestic removals. For this national estimate we use an calculation approach based on the amount of used roundwood.
1.1.NC
Non-Coniferous
1000 m3ub
plywood production
100
118
18%
1
1.2
INDUSTRIAL ROUNDWOOD
1000 m3ub
43,328.442
49,927.977
9
9
Official data are underestimating domestic removals. For this national estimate we use an calculation approach based on the amount of used roundwood.
Official data are underestimating domestic removals. For this national estimate we use an calculation approach based on the amount of used roundwood.
1.2
INDUSTRIAL ROUNDWOOD
1000 m3ub
0
0
particle board production (incl OSB)
7,211
6,988
-3%
1.58
1.2.C
Coniferous
1000 m3ub
37,306.200
43,182.140
9
9
Official data are underestimating domestic removals. For this national estimate we use an calculation approach based on the amount of used roundwood.
Official data are underestimating domestic removals. For this national estimate we use an calculation approach based on the amount of used roundwood.
1.2.C
Coniferous
1000 m3ub
0
0
fibreboard production
5,745
5,607
-2%
1.8
1.2.NC
Non-Coniferous
1000 m3ub
6,022.242
6,745.837
9
9
Official data are underestimating domestic removals. For this national estimate we use an calculation approach based on the amount of used roundwood.
Official data are underestimating domestic removals. For this national estimate we use an calculation approach based on the amount of used roundwood.
1.2.NC
Non-Coniferous
1000 m3ub
0
0
mechanical/semi-chemical pulp production
795
813
2%
2.5
1.2.NC.T
of which: Tropical
1000 m3ub
0.000
0.000
9
9
Official data are underestimating domestic removals. For this national estimate we use an calculation approach based on the amount of used roundwood.
Official data are underestimating domestic removals. For this national estimate we use an calculation approach based on the amount of used roundwood.
1.2.NC.T
of which: Tropical
1000 m3ub
OK
OK
chemical pulp production
1,637
1,585
-3%
4.9
1.2.1
SAWLOGS AND VENEER LOGS
1000 m3ub
32,755.853
38,702.370
9
9
Official data are underestimating domestic removals. For this national estimate we use an calculation approach based on the amount of used roundwood.
Official data are underestimating domestic removals. For this national estimate we use an calculation approach based on the amount of used roundwood.
1.2.1
SAWLOGS AND VENEER LOGS
1000 m3ub
0
0
dissolving pulp production
0
0
missing data
5.7
1.2.1.C
Coniferous
1000 m3ub
29,600.465
35,151.571
9
9
Official data are underestimating domestic removals. For this national estimate we use an calculation approach based on the amount of used roundwood.
Official data are underestimating domestic removals. For this national estimate we use an calculation approach based on the amount of used roundwood.
1.2.1.C
Coniferous
1000 m3ub
Availability
Solid Wood Demand
60,926
61,373
1%
1.2.1.NC
Non-Coniferous
1000 m3ub
3,155.388
3,550.799
9
9
Official data are underestimating domestic removals. For this national estimate we use an calculation approach based on the amount of used roundwood.
Official data are underestimating domestic removals. For this national estimate we use an calculation approach based on the amount of used roundwood.
1.2.1.NC
Non-Coniferous
1000 m3ub
Difference (roundwood-demand)
-58,910
-59,358
1%
positive = surplus
1.2.2
PULPWOOD, ROUND AND SPLIT (INCLUDING WOOD FOR PARTICLE BOARD, OSB AND FIBREBOARD)
1000 m3ub
10,499.797
11,151.566
9
9
Official data are underestimating domestic removals. For this national estimate we use an calculation approach based on the amount of used roundwood.
Official data are underestimating domestic removals. For this national estimate we use an calculation approach based on the amount of used roundwood.
1.2.2
PULPWOOD, ROUND AND SPLIT (INCLUDING WOOD FOR PARTICLE BOARD, OSB AND FIBREBOARD)
1000 m3ub
0
0
gap (demand/availability)
-28%
75%
Negative number means not enough roundwood available
1.2.2.C
Coniferous
1000 m3ub
7,633.392
7,956.970
9
9
Official data are underestimating domestic removals. For this national estimate we use an calculation approach based on the amount of used roundwood.
Official data are underestimating domestic removals. For this national estimate we use an calculation approach based on the amount of used roundwood.
1.2.2.C
Coniferous
1000 m3ub
Positive number means more roundwood available than demanded
1.2.2.NC
Non-Coniferous
1000 m3ub
2,866.405
3,194.595
9
9
Official data are underestimating domestic removals. For this national estimate we use an calculation approach based on the amount of used roundwood.
Official data are underestimating domestic removals. For this national estimate we use an calculation approach based on the amount of used roundwood.
1.2.2.NC
Non-Coniferous
1000 m3ub
1.2.3
OTHER INDUSTRIAL ROUNDWOOD
1000 m3ub
72.792
74.041
9
9
Official data are underestimating domestic removals. For this national estimate we use an calculation approach based on the amount of used roundwood.
Official data are underestimating domestic removals. For this national estimate we use an calculation approach based on the amount of used roundwood.
1.2.3
OTHER INDUSTRIAL ROUNDWOOD
1000 m3ub
0
0
1.2.3.C
Coniferous
1000 m3ub
72.343
73.599
9
9
Official data are underestimating domestic removals. For this national estimate we use an calculation approach based on the amount of used roundwood.
Official data are underestimating domestic removals. For this national estimate we use an calculation approach based on the amount of used roundwood.
1.2.3.C
Coniferous
1000 m3ub
% of particle board that is from recovered wood
35%
1.2.3.NC
Non-Coniferous
1000 m3ub
0.449
0.442
9
9
Official data are underestimating domestic removals. For this national estimate we use an calculation approach based on the amount of used roundwood.
Official data are underestimating domestic removals. For this national estimate we use an calculation approach based on the amount of used roundwood.
1.2.3.NC
Non-Coniferous
1000 m3ub
share of agglomerates produced from industrial roundwood residues
100%
PRODUCTION
PRODUCTION
usable industrial roundwood - amount of roundwood that is used, remainder leaves industry
98.5%
2
WOOD CHARCOAL
1000 mt
30.000
30.000
9
9
2
WOOD CHARCOAL
1000 mt
3
WOOD CHIPS, PARTICLES AND RESIDUES
1000 m3
14,230.426
14,930.595
9
9
3
WOOD CHIPS, PARTICLES AND RESIDUES
1000 m3
0
0
3.1
WOOD CHIPS AND PARTICLES
1000 m3
10,345.838
10,602.712
9
9
3.1
WOOD CHIPS AND PARTICLES
1000 m3
3.2
WOOD RESIDUES (INCLUDING WOOD FOR AGGLOMERATES)
1000 m3
3,884.587
4,327.883
9
9
3.2
WOOD RESIDUES (INCLUDING WOOD FOR AGGLOMERATES)
1000 m3
4
RECOVERED POST-CONSUMER WOOD
1000 mt
6,601.000
6,601.000
5
5
4
RECOVERED POST-CONSUMER WOOD
1000 mt
5
WOOD PELLETS AND OTHER AGGLOMERATES
1000 mt
2,427.867
2,704.927
5
WOOD PELLETS AND OTHER AGGLOMERATES
1000 mt
0
0
5.1
WOOD PELLETS
1000 mt
2,250.000
2,415.000
5.1
WOOD PELLETS
1000 mt
5.2
OTHER AGGLOMERATES
1000 mt
177.867
289.927
9
9
5.2
OTHER AGGLOMERATES
1000 mt
6
SAWNWOOD (INCLUDING SLEEPERS)
1000 m3
23,167.680
23,742.902
6
SAWNWOOD (INCLUDING SLEEPERS)
1000 m3
0
0
6.C
Coniferous
1000 m3
22,050.255
22,609.724
6.C
Coniferous
1000 m3
6.NC
Non-Coniferous
1000 m3
1,117.425
1,133.178
6.NC
Non-Coniferous
1000 m3
6.NC.T
of which: Tropical
1000 m3
0.210
0.147
9
9
6.NC.T
of which: Tropical
1000 m3
OK
OK
7
VENEER SHEETS
1000 m3
88.850
88.247
9
9
7
VENEER SHEETS
1000 m3
0
0
7.C
Coniferous
1000 m3
0.329
0.327
9
9
7.C
Coniferous
1000 m3
7.NC
Non-Coniferous
1000 m3
88.521
87.920
9
9
7.NC
Non-Coniferous
1000 m3
7.NC.T
of which: Tropical
1000 m3
-
-
9
9
7.NC.T
of which: Tropical
1000 m3
Error
Error
8
WOOD-BASED PANELS
1000 m3
13,055.543
12,712.537
9
9
8
WOOD-BASED PANELS
1000 m3
0
0
8.1
PLYWOOD
1000 m3
99.845
117.786
9
9
8.1
PLYWOOD
1000 m3
0
0
8.1.C
Coniferous
1000 m3
12.474
34.713
9
9
8.1.C
Coniferous
1000 m3
8.1.NC
Non-Coniferous
1000 m3
87.371
83.073
9
9
8.1.NC
Non-Coniferous
1000 m3
8.1.NC.T
of which: Tropical
1000 m3
0.165
0.165
9
9
8.1.NC.T
of which: Tropical
1000 m3
OK
OK
8.2
PARTICLE BOARD, ORIENTED STRAND BOARD (OSB) AND SIMILAR BOARD
1000 m3
7,211.123
6,987.620
9
9
8.2
PARTICLE BOARD, ORIENTED STRAND BOARD (OSB) AND SIMILAR BOARD
1000 m3
8.2.1
of which: ORIENTED STRAND BOARD (OSB)
1000 m3
1,451.673
1,230.209
9
9
8.2.1
of which: ORIENTED STRAND BOARD (OSB)
1000 m3
OK
OK
8.3
FIBREBOARD
1000 m3
5,744.575
5,607.131
9
9
8.3
FIBREBOARD
1000 m3
0
0
8.3.1
HARDBOARD
1000 m3
2,452.534
2,349.505
9
9
8.3.1
HARDBOARD
1000 m3
8.3.2
MEDIUM/HIGH DENSITY FIBREBOARD (MDF/HDF)
1000 m3
1,509.674
1,453.596
9
9
8.3.2
MEDIUM/HIGH DENSITY FIBREBOARD (MDF/HDF)
1000 m3
8.3.3
OTHER FIBREBOARD
1000 m3
1,782.367
1,804.030
9
9
8.3.3
OTHER FIBREBOARD
1000 m3
9
WOOD PULP
1000 mt
2,432.000
2,398.000
9
9
9
WOOD PULP
1000 mt
0
0
9.1
MECHANICAL AND SEMI-CHEMICAL WOOD PULP
1000 mt
795.000
813.000
9
9
9.1
MECHANICAL AND SEMI-CHEMICAL WOOD PULP
1000 mt
9.2
CHEMICAL WOOD PULP
1000 mt
1,637.000
1,585.000
9
9
9.2
CHEMICAL WOOD PULP
1000 mt
0
0
9.2.1
SULPHATE PULP
1000 mt
1,018.000
965.000
9
9
9.2.1
SULPHATE PULP
1000 mt
9.2.1.1
of which: BLEACHED
1000 mt
1,018.000
965.000
9
9
9.2.1.1
of which: BLEACHED
1000 mt
OK
OK
9.2.2
SULPHITE PULP
1000 mt
619.000
620.000
9
9
9.2.2
SULPHITE PULP
1000 mt
9.3
DISSOLVING GRADES
1000 mt
0
0
9
9
9.3
DISSOLVING GRADES
1000 mt
10
OTHER PULP
1000 mt
72.100
76.700
9
9
10
OTHER PULP
1000 mt
0
0
10.1
PULP FROM FIBRES OTHER THAN WOOD
1000 mt
0
0
9
9
10.1
PULP FROM FIBRES OTHER THAN WOOD
1000 mt
10.2
RECOVERED FIBRE PULP
1000 mt
72.100
76.700
9
9
10.2
RECOVERED FIBRE PULP
1000 mt
11
RECOVERED PAPER
1000 mt
15,237.000
15,070.000
9
9
11
RECOVERED PAPER
1000 mt
12
PAPER AND PAPERBOARD
1000 mt
22,925.000
22,666.000
9
9
12
PAPER AND PAPERBOARD
1000 mt
0
0
12.1
GRAPHIC PAPERS
1000 mt
8,371.000
7,935.000
9
9
12.1
GRAPHIC PAPERS
1000 mt
0
0
12.1.1
NEWSPRINT
1000 mt
1,433.000
1,210.000
9
9
12.1.1
NEWSPRINT
1000 mt
12.1.2
UNCOATED MECHANICAL
1000 mt
1,976.000
2,046.000
9
9
12.1.2
UNCOATED MECHANICAL
1000 mt
12.1.3
UNCOATED WOODFREE
1000 mt
1,683.000
1,636.000
9
9
12.1.3
UNCOATED WOODFREE
1000 mt
12.1.4
COATED PAPERS
1000 mt
3,279.000
3,043.000
9
9
12.1.4
COATED PAPERS
1000 mt
12.2
HOUSEHOLD AND SANITARY PAPERS
1000 mt
1,513.000
1,508.000
9
9
12.2
HOUSEHOLD AND SANITARY PAPERS
1000 mt
12.3
PACKAGING MATERIALS
1000 mt
11,639.000
11,844.000
9
9
12.3
PACKAGING MATERIALS
1000 mt
0
0
12.3.1
CASE MATERIALS
1000 mt
8,334.000
8,576.000
9
9
12.3.1
CASE MATERIALS
1000 mt
12.3.2
CARTONBOARD
1000 mt
1,806.000
1,765.000
9
9
12.3.2
CARTONBOARD
1000 mt
12.3.3
WRAPPING PAPERS
1000 mt
418.000
430.000
9
9
12.3.3
WRAPPING PAPERS
1000 mt
12.3.4
OTHER PAPERS MAINLY FOR PACKAGING
1000 mt
1,081.000
1,073.000
9
9
12.3.4
OTHER PAPERS MAINLY FOR PACKAGING
1000 mt
12.4
OTHER PAPER AND PAPERBOARD N.E.S. (NOT ELSEWHERE SPECIFIED)
1000 mt
1,402.000
1,379.000
9
9
12.4
OTHER PAPER AND PAPERBOARD N.E.S. (NOT ELSEWHERE SPECIFIED)
Mechanical wood pulp, semi-chemical wood pulp and pulp from fibres other than wood 9.1+10.1
1000 mt
795.000
813.000
To fill:
0
0
Text:
1
1
JQ2 TTrade
61
62
61
62
91
92
91
92
FOREST SECTOR QUESTIONNAIRE JQ2
Country:
DE
Date:
0
both VALUE and quantity reported ZERO
Name of Official responsible for reply:
0
ZERO Q
quantity ZERO when VALUE is reported
INTRA-EU
The difference might be caused by Intra-EU trade
PRIMARY PRODUCTS
Official Address (in full):
0
This table highlights discrepancies between production and trade. For any negative number, indicating greater net exports than production, please verify your data!
ZERO V
Value ZERO when quantity is reported
CHECK
Trade
Telephone:
0
Fax:
0
This table highlights discrepancies between items and sub-items. Please verify your data for any non-zero figure!
ZERO CHECK 1 - if no value please CHECK
NO Q
no quantity reported
ZERO CHECK 2 - if no value in Zero Check 1
Value must always be in 1000 NAC (national currency)
E-mail:
0
Flag
Flag
Flag
Flag
Flag
Flag
Flag
Flag
Note
Note
Note
Note
Note
Note
Note
Note
Country:
DE
Country:
DE
NO V
no value reported
Treshold:
2
verifies whether the JQ2 figures refers only to intra-EU trade
Eurozone countries may use the old national currency, but only in both years
1000NAC
Trade
Discrepancies
REPORT
no figures reported
Product
Unit of
I M P O R T
E X P O R T
Import
Export
Import
Export
Product
I M P O R T
E X P O R T
Product
Apparent Consumption
Related Notes
Product
Value per
I M P O R T
E X P O R T
Column1
Column2
Product
Value per
I M P O R T
E X P O R T
code
Product
quantity
2017
2018
2017
2018
2017
2018
2017
2018
2017
2018
2017
2018
code
2017
2018
2017
2018
code
2017
2018
2017
2018
code
Product
unit
2017
2018
2017
2018
IMPORT
EXPORT
code
Product
unit
2017
2018
2017
2018
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
1
ROUNDWOOD (WOOD IN THE ROUGH)
1000 m3ub
9,213
605,991
9,250
563,778
4,394
379,935
5,391
458,682
1
ROUNDWOOD (WOOD IN THE ROUGH)
1000 m3ub
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
ROUNDWOOD (WOOD IN THE ROUGH)
1000 m3ub
70,537
297,858
1
ROUNDWOOD (WOOD IN THE ROUGH)
NAC/m3
66
61
86
85
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
1
ROUNDWOOD (WOOD IN THE ROUGH)
NAC/m3
1.1
WOOD FUEL (INCLUDING WOOD FOR CHARCOAL)
1000 m3ub
430
39,376
425
36,804
135
6,455
139
7,813
1.1
WOOD FUEL (INCLUDING WOOD FOR CHARCOAL)
1000 m3ub
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.1
WOOD FUEL (INCLUDING WOOD FOR CHARCOAL)
1000 m3ub
22,684
54,795
1.1
WOOD FUEL (INCLUDING WOOD FOR CHARCOAL)
NAC/m3
92
87
48
56
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
1.1
WOOD FUEL (INCLUDING WOOD FOR CHARCOAL)
NAC/m3
1.1.C
Coniferous
1000 m3ub
122
11,196
114
11,263
82
2,470
87
2,498
1.1.C
Coniferous
1000 m3ub
1.1.C
Coniferous
1000 m3ub
8,472
16,861
1.1.C
Coniferous
NAC/m3
92
99
30
29
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
1.1.C
Coniferous
NAC/m3
1.1.NC
Non-Coniferous
1000 m3ub
308
28,180
311
25,541
53
3,985
52
5,315
1.1.NC
Non-Coniferous
1000 m3ub
1.1.NC
Non-Coniferous
1000 m3ub
14,212
37,934
1.1.NC
Non-Coniferous
NAC/m3
91
82
76
102
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
1.1.NC
Non-Coniferous
NAC/m3
1.2
INDUSTRIAL ROUNDWOOD
1000 m3ub
8,783
566,615
8,825
526,974
4,259
373,480
5,253
450,869
1.2
INDUSTRIAL ROUNDWOOD
1000 m3ub
0
0
0
0
0
0
7.3E-12
0
1.2
INDUSTRIAL ROUNDWOOD
1000 m3ub
47,852
243,063
1.2
INDUSTRIAL ROUNDWOOD
NAC/m3
65
60
88
86
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
1.2
INDUSTRIAL ROUNDWOOD
NAC/m3
1.2.C
Coniferous
1000 m3ub
8,248
511,457
8,302
472,957
2,908
209,051
3,782
269,390
1.2.C
Coniferous
1000 m3ub
1.2.C
Coniferous
1000 m3ub
42,646
345,588
1.2.C
Coniferous
NAC/m3
62
57
72
71
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
1.2.C
Coniferous
NAC/m3
1.2.NC
Non-Coniferous
1000 m3ub
535
55,158
523
54,017
1,351
164,429
1,471
181,479
1.2.NC
Non-Coniferous
1000 m3ub
1.2.NC
Non-Coniferous
1000 m3ub
5,206
-102,525
1.2.NC
Non-Coniferous
NAC/mt
103
103
122
123
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
1.2.NC
Non-Coniferous
NAC/mt
1.2.NC.T
of which: Tropical
1000 m3ub
11.3
5,789
8
4,058
3
2,348
5
2,402
1.2.NC.T
of which: Tropical
1000 m3ub
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
1.2.NC.T
of which: Tropical
1000 m3ub
8
3,441
1.2.NC.T
of which: Tropical
1000 m3
514
508
774
518
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
1.2.NC.T
of which: Tropical
1000 m3
2
WOOD CHARCOAL
1000 mt
222
103,037
234
108,928
22
18,525
26
21,308
2
WOOD CHARCOAL
1000 mt
2
WOOD CHARCOAL
1000 mt
230
84,542
2
WOOD CHARCOAL
1000 m3
464
466
840
831
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
2
WOOD CHARCOAL
1000 m3
3
WOOD CHIPS, PARTICLES AND RESIDUES
1000 m3
2,156
70,478
1,998
68,024
2,558
118,238
2,613
122,749
3
WOOD CHIPS, PARTICLES AND RESIDUES
1000 m3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
WOOD CHIPS, PARTICLES AND RESIDUES
1000 m3
13,829
-32,829
3
WOOD CHIPS, PARTICLES AND RESIDUES
1000 m3
33
34
46
47
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
3
WOOD CHIPS, PARTICLES AND RESIDUES
1000 m3
3.1
WOOD CHIPS AND PARTICLES
1000 m3
1,353
44,171
1,244
39,817
1,832
77,976
1,910
79,699
3.1
WOOD CHIPS AND PARTICLES
1000 m3
3.1
WOOD CHIPS AND PARTICLES
1000 m3
9,867
-23,202
3.1
WOOD CHIPS AND PARTICLES
1000 mt
33
32
43
42
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
3.1
WOOD CHIPS AND PARTICLES
1000 mt
3.2
WOOD RESIDUES (INCLUDING WOOD FOR AGGLOMERATES)
1000 m3
803
26,307
754
28,207
726
40,262
703
43,050
3.2
WOOD RESIDUES (INCLUDING WOOD FOR AGGLOMERATES)
1000 m3
3.2
WOOD RESIDUES (INCLUDING WOOD FOR AGGLOMERATES)
1000 m3
3,961
-9,627
3.2
WOOD RESIDUES (INCLUDING WOOD FOR AGGLOMERATES)
1000 mt
33
37
55
61
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
3.2
WOOD RESIDUES (INCLUDING WOOD FOR AGGLOMERATES)
1000 mt
4
RECOVERED POST-CONSUMER WOOD
1000 mt
1,071
36,510
990
35,631
692
43,391
707
37,096
4
RECOVERED POST-CONSUMER WOOD
1000 mt
4
RECOVERED POST-CONSUMER WOOD
1000 mt
6,980
-280
4
RECOVERED POST-CONSUMER WOOD
1000 mt
34
36
63
53
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
4
RECOVERED POST-CONSUMER WOOD
1000 mt
5
WOOD PELLETS AND OTHER AGGLOMERATES
1000 mt
742
108,129
737
119,293
525
122,788
664
157,674
5
WOOD PELLETS AND OTHER AGGLOMERATES
1000 mt
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
WOOD PELLETS AND OTHER AGGLOMERATES
1000 mt
2,646
-11,954
5
WOOD PELLETS AND OTHER AGGLOMERATES
NAC/m3
146
162
234
237
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
5
WOOD PELLETS AND OTHER AGGLOMERATES
NAC/m3
5.1
WOOD PELLETS
1000 mt
432
69,220
390
69,065
490
112,066
620
144,584
5.1
WOOD PELLETS
1000 mt
5.1
WOOD PELLETS
1000 mt
2,192
-40,431
5.1
WOOD PELLETS
NAC/m3
160
177
229
233
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
5.1
WOOD PELLETS
NAC/m3
5.2
OTHER AGGLOMERATES
1000 mt
311
38,909
347
50,228
35
10,722
44
13,090
5.2
OTHER AGGLOMERATES
1000 mt
5.2
OTHER AGGLOMERATES
1000 mt
454
28,477
5.2
OTHER AGGLOMERATES
NAC/m3
125
145
308
296
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
5.2
OTHER AGGLOMERATES
NAC/m3
6
SAWNWOOD (INCLUDING SLEEPERS)
1000 m3
5,236
1,233,225
5,494
1,321,942
8,348
1,915,776
8,994
2,131,951
6
SAWNWOOD (INCLUDING SLEEPERS)
1000 m3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
SAWNWOOD (INCLUDING SLEEPERS)
1000 m3
20,055
-658,808
6
SAWNWOOD (INCLUDING SLEEPERS)
NAC/m3
236
241
229
237
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
6
SAWNWOOD (INCLUDING SLEEPERS)
NAC/m3
6.C
Coniferous
1000 m3
4,819
1,002,239
5,106
1,089,823
7,538
1,520,268
8,223
1,752,844
6.C
Coniferous
1000 m3
6.C
Coniferous
1000 m3
19,332
-495,419
6.C
Coniferous
NAC/m3
208
213
202
213
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
6.C
Coniferous
NAC/m3
6.NC
Non-Coniferous
1000 m3
417
230,986
388
232,119
811
395,508
771
379,107
6.NC
Non-Coniferous
1000 m3
6.NC
Non-Coniferous
1000 m3
723
-163,389
6.NC
Non-Coniferous
NAC/m3
554
598
488
492
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
6.NC
Non-Coniferous
NAC/m3
6.NC.T
of which: Tropical
1000 m3
70
59,895
71
65,077
40
43,501
34
40,016
6.NC.T
of which: Tropical
1000 m3
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
6.NC.T
of which: Tropical
1000 m3
30
16,394
6.NC.T
of which: Tropical
NAC/m3
860
914
1080
1167
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
6.NC.T
of which: Tropical
NAC/m3
7
VENEER SHEETS
1000 m3
117
156,566
108
151,243
63
145,229
60
139,275
7
VENEER SHEETS
1000 m3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
VENEER SHEETS
1000 m3
142
11,425
7
VENEER SHEETS
NAC/m3
1338
1398
2287
2316
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
7
VENEER SHEETS
NAC/m3
7.C
Coniferous
1000 m3
31
21,150
25
17,682
1
2,247
1
1,972
7.C
Coniferous
1000 m3
7.C
Coniferous
1000 m3
31
18,903
7.C
Coniferous
NAC/m3
675
701
4397
3424
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
7.C
Coniferous
NAC/m3
7.NC
Non-Coniferous
1000 m3
86
135,416
83
133,561
63
142,982
60
137,303
7.NC
Non-Coniferous
1000 m3
7.NC
Non-Coniferous
1000 m3
111
-7,478
7.NC
Non-Coniferous
NAC/m3
1581
1609
2270
2305
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
7.NC
Non-Coniferous
NAC/m3
7.NC.T
of which: Tropical
1000 m3
10
10,627
10
12,837
3
11,842
3
10,537
7.NC.T
of which: Tropical
1000 m3
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
7.NC.T
of which: Tropical
1000 m3
ERROR:#VALUE!
ERROR:#VALUE!
7.NC.T
of which: Tropical
NAC/m3
1038
1276
3616
3932
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
7.NC.T
of which: Tropical
NAC/m3
8
WOOD-BASED PANELS
1000 m3
5,745
1,846,509
5,903
1,971,131
6,360
2,581,493
6,134
2,600,782
8
WOOD-BASED PANELS
1000 m3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
WOOD-BASED PANELS
1000 m3
12,440
-722,271
8
WOOD-BASED PANELS
NAC/m3
321
334
406
424
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
8
WOOD-BASED PANELS
NAC/m3
8.1
PLYWOOD
1000 m3
1,528
780,412
1,582
829,806
381
274,362
390
278,955
8.1
PLYWOOD
1000 m3
0
0
0
0
-0
0
-0
0
8.1
PLYWOOD
1000 m3
1,247
506,168
8.1
PLYWOOD
NAC/m3
511
525
720
714
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
8.1
PLYWOOD
NAC/m3
8.1.C
Coniferous
1000 m3
574
211,942
591
238,319
134
71,025
139
73,924
8.1.C
Coniferous
1000 m3
8.1.C
Coniferous
1000 m3
452
140,952
8.1.C
Coniferous
NAC/m3
370
403
531
533
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
8.1.C
Coniferous
NAC/m3
8.1.NC
Non-Coniferous
1000 m3
954
568,470
991
591,487
248
203,337
252
205,032
8.1.NC
Non-Coniferous
1000 m3
8.1.NC
Non-Coniferous
1000 m3
794
365,216
8.1.NC
Non-Coniferous
NAC/m3
596
597
821
815
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
8.1.NC
Non-Coniferous
NAC/m3
8.1.NC.T
of which: Tropical
1000 m3
158
97,645
157
99,779
43
55,491
45
53,788
8.1.NC.T
of which: Tropical
1000 m3
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
8.1.NC.T
of which: Tropical
1000 m3
115
42,154
8.1.NC.T
of which: Tropical
NAC/m3
618
634
1278
1193
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
8.1.NC.T
of which: Tropical
NAC/m3
8.2
PARTICLE BOARD, ORIENTED STRAND BOARD (OSB) AND SIMILAR BOARD
1000 m3
2,938
677,719
2,931
737,534
2,409
601,762
2,425
640,421
8.2
PARTICLE BOARD, ORIENTED STRAND BOARD (OSB) AND SIMILAR BOARD
1000 m3
8.2
PARTICLE BOARD, ORIENTED STRAND BOARD (OSB) AND SIMILAR BOARD
1000 m3
7,740
82,945
8.2
PARTICLE BOARD, ORIENTED STRANDBOARD (OSB) AND SIMILAR BOARD
NAC/m3
231
252
250
264
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
8.2
PARTICLE BOARD, ORIENTED STRANDBOARD (OSB) AND SIMILAR BOARD
NAC/m3
8.2.1
of which: ORIENTED STRAND BOARD (OSB)
1000 m3
762
167,619
840
220,626
520
118,190
512
136,422
8.2.1
of which: ORIENTED STRAND BOARD (OSB)
1000 m3
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
8.2.1
of which: ORIENTED STRAND BOARD (OSB)
1000 m3
1,694
50,659
8.2.1
of which: ORIENTED STRANDBOARD (OSB)
NAC/m3
220
263
227
266
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
8.2.1
of which: ORIENTED STRANDBOARD (OSB)
NAC/m3
8.3
FIBREBOARD
1000 m3
1,279
388,378
1,391
403,791
3,570
1,705,369
3,319
1,681,406
8.3
FIBREBOARD
1000 m3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8.3
FIBREBOARD
1000 m3
3,454
-1,311,384
8.3
FIBREBOARD
NAC/m3
304
290
478
507
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
8.3
FIBREBOARD
NAC/m3
8.3.1
HARDBOARD
1000 m3
222
101,779
224
98,362
1,633
974,461
1,502
929,070
8.3.1
HARDBOARD
1000 m3
8.3.1
HARDBOARD
1000 m3
1,041
-870,332
8.3.1
HARDBOARD
NAC/mt
459
438
597
618
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
8.3.1
HARDBOARD
NAC/mt
8.3.2
MEDIUM/HIGH DENSITY FIBREBOARD (MDF/HDF)
1000 m3
492
215,986
509
226,349
1,545
692,493
1,558
722,351
8.3.2
MEDIUM/HIGH DENSITY FIBREBOARD (MDF/HDF)
1000 m3
8.3.2
MEDIUM/HIGH DENSITY FIBREBOARD (MDF/HDF)
1000 m3
457
-475,053
8.3.2
MEDIUM/HIGH DENSITY FIBREBOARD (MDF/HDF)
NAC/mt
439
444
448
464
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
8.3.2
MEDIUM/HIGH DENSITY FIBREBOARD (MDF/HDF)
NAC/mt
8.3.3
OTHER FIBREBOARD
1000 m3
565
70,613
657
79,080
392
38,415
259
29,985
8.3.3
OTHER FIBREBOARD
1000 m3
8.3.3
OTHER FIBREBOARD
1000 m3
1,956
34,002
8.3.3
OTHER FIBREBOARD
NAC/mt
125
120
98
116
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
8.3.3
OTHER FIBREBOARD
NAC/mt
9
WOOD PULP
1000 mt
5,304
2,823,914
4,717
3,068,425
1,253
686,184
1,077
719,817
9
WOOD PULP
1000 mt
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
9
WOOD PULP
1000 mt
6,483
2,140,128
9
WOOD PULP
NAC/mt
532
651
548
668
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
9
WOOD PULP
NAC/mt
9.1
MECHANICAL AND SEMI-CHEMICAL WOOD PULP
1000 mt
165
87,565
168
101,100
107
43,238
100
46,984
9.1
MECHANICAL AND SEMI-CHEMICAL WOOD PULP
1000 mt
9.1
MECHANICAL AND SEMI-CHEMICAL WOOD PULP
1000 mt
853
45,140
9.1
MECHANICAL AND SEMI-CHEMICAL WOOD PULP
NAC/mt
531
602
404
470
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
9.1
MECHANICAL AND SEMI-CHEMICAL WOOD PULP
NAC/mt
9.2
CHEMICAL WOOD PULP
1000 mt
4,694
2,358,512
4,131
2,617,024
1,127
622,413
963
657,193
9.2
CHEMICAL WOOD PULP
1000 mt
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
9.2
CHEMICAL WOOD PULP
1000 mt
5,204
1,737,684
9.2
CHEMICAL WOOD PULP
NAC/mt
502
634
552
682
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
9.2
CHEMICAL WOOD PULP
NAC/mt
9.2.1
SULPHATE PULP
1000 mt
4,610
2,279,185
4,053
2,537,875
1,038
523,410
878
553,605
9.2.1
SULPHATE PULP
1000 mt
9.2.1
SULPHATE PULP
1000 mt
4,590
1,756,740
9.2.1
SULPHATE PULP
NAC/mt
494
626
504
631
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
9.2.1
SULPHATE PULP
NAC/mt
9.2.1.1
of which: BLEACHED
1000 mt
4,498
2,223,763
3,924
2,467,924
1,029
518,282
871
549,073
9.2.1.1
of which: BLEACHED
1000 mt
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
9.2.1.1
of which: BLEACHED
1000 mt
4,487
1,706,446
9.2.1.1
of which: BLEACHED
NAC/mt
494
629
504
630
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
9.2.1.1
of which: BLEACHED
NAC/mt
9.2.2
SULPHITE PULP
1000 mt
84
79,327
78
79,149
89
99,003
85
103,588
9.2.2
SULPHITE PULP
1000 mt
9.2.2
SULPHITE PULP
1000 mt
614
-19,056
9.2.2
SULPHITE PULP
NAC/mt
944
1015
1112
1219
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
9.2.2
SULPHITE PULP
NAC/mt
9.3
DISSOLVING GRADES
1000 mt
445
377,837
418
350,301
19
20,533
14
15,640
9.3
DISSOLVING GRADES
1000 mt
9.3
DISSOLVING GRADES
1000 mt
426
357,304
9.3
DISSOLVING GRADES
NAC/mt
849
838
1081
1117
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
9.3
DISSOLVING GRADES
NAC/mt
10
OTHER PULP
1000 mt
98
29,225
109
29,042
111
53,064
135
62,670
10
OTHER PULP
1000 mt
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
OTHER PULP
1000 mt
59
-23,762
10
OTHER PULP
NAC/mt
298
266
478
464
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
10
OTHER PULP
NAC/mt
10.1
PULP FROM FIBRES OTHER THAN WOOD
1000 mt
16
24,429
16
23,010
1
725
1
767
10.1
PULP FROM FIBRES OTHER THAN WOOD
1000 mt
10.1
PULP FROM FIBRES OTHER THAN WOOD
1000 mt
15
23,704
10.1
PULP FROM FIBRES OTHER THAN WOOD
NAC/mt
1527
1438
725
767
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
10.1
PULP FROM FIBRES OTHER THAN WOOD
NAC/mt
10.2
RECOVERED FIBRE PULP
1000 mt
82
4,796
93
6,032
110
52,339
134
61,903
10.2
RECOVERED FIBRE PULP
1000 mt
10.2
RECOVERED FIBRE PULP
1000 mt
44
-47,466
10.2
RECOVERED FIBRE PULP
NAC/mt
58
65
476
462
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
10.2
RECOVERED FIBRE PULP
NAC/mt
11
RECOVERED PAPER
1000 mt
4,827
767,457
4,908
737,508
2,927
429,092
2,778
340,416
11
RECOVERED PAPER
1000 mt
11
RECOVERED PAPER
1000 mt
17,137
353,435
11
RECOVERED PAPER
NAC/mt
159
150
147
123
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
11
RECOVERED PAPER
NAC/mt
12
PAPER AND PAPERBOARD
1000 mt
11,836
8,551,922
11,611
9,327,463
14,270
11,507,352
14,385
12,338,335
12
PAPER AND PAPERBOARD
1000 mt
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
12
PAPER AND PAPERBOARD
1000 mt
20,491
-2,932,764
12
PAPER AND PAPERBOARD
NAC/mt
723
803
806
858
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
12
PAPER AND PAPERBOARD
NAC/mt
12.1
GRAPHIC PAPERS
1000 mt
5,559
3,490,134
5,211
3,740,379
5,955
4,269,503
5,678
4,415,723
12.1
GRAPHIC PAPERS
1000 mt
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
12.1
GRAPHIC PAPERS
1000 mt
7,975
-771,434
12.1
GRAPHIC PAPERS
NAC/mt
628
718
717
778
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
12.1
GRAPHIC PAPERS
NAC/mt
12.1.1
NEWSPRINT
1000 mt
886
395,208
771
384,722
676
300,363
462
227,007
12.1.1
NEWSPRINT
1000 mt
12.1.1
NEWSPRINT
1000 mt
1,643
96,055
12.1.1
NEWSPRINT
NAC/mt
446
499
444
491
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
12.1.1
NEWSPRINT
NAC/mt
12.1.2
UNCOATED MECHANICAL
1000 mt
767
464,829
691
458,019
976
497,774
1,042
569,920
12.1.2
UNCOATED MECHANICAL
1000 mt
12.1.2
UNCOATED MECHANICAL
1000 mt
1,768
-30,899
12.1.2
UNCOATED MECHANICAL
NAC/mt
606
663
510
547
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
12.1.2
UNCOATED MECHANICAL
NAC/mt
12.1.3
UNCOATED WOODFREE
1000 mt
1,278
1,025,141
1,348
1,148,729
1,024
1,071,846
1,006
1,109,931
12.1.3
UNCOATED WOODFREE
1000 mt
12.1.3
UNCOATED WOODFREE
1000 mt
1,937
-45,069
12.1.3
UNCOATED WOODFREE
NAC/mt
802
852
1046
1103
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
12.1.3
UNCOATED WOODFREE
NAC/mt
12.1.4
COATED PAPERS
1000 mt
2,627
1,604,956
2,401
1,748,908
3,279
2,399,520
3,168
2,508,864
12.1.4
COATED PAPERS
1000 mt
12.1.4
COATED PAPERS
1000 mt
2,626
-791,521
12.1.4
COATED PAPERS
NAC/mt
611
728
732
792
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
12.1.4
COATED PAPERS
NAC/mt
12.2
HOUSEHOLD AND SANITARY PAPERS
1000 mt
681
936,511
651
956,259
725
1,281,899
719
1,312,745
12.2
HOUSEHOLD AND SANITARY PAPERS
1000 mt
12.2
HOUSEHOLD AND SANITARY PAPERS
1000 mt
1,468
-343,880
12.2
HOUSEHOLD AND SANITARY PAPERS
NAC/mt
1376
1470
1767
1825
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
12.2
HOUSEHOLD AND SANITARY PAPERS
NAC/mt
12.3
PACKAGING MATERIALS
1000 mt
5,395
3,676,246
5,530
4,160,235
7,244
5,169,020
7,645
5,798,763
12.3
PACKAGING MATERIALS
1000 mt
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
12.3
PACKAGING MATERIALS
1000 mt
9,790
-1,480,930
12.3
PACKAGING MATERIALS
NAC/mt
681
752
714
758
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
12.3
PACKAGING MATERIALS
NAC/mt
12.3.1
CASE MATERIALS
1000 mt
2,731
1,172,563
2,735
1,420,271
4,157
1,804,300
4,403
2,187,072
12.3.1
CASE MATERIALS
1000 mt
12.3.1
CASE MATERIALS
1000 mt
6,908
-623,161
12.3.1
CASE MATERIALS
NAC/mt
429
519
434
497
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
12.3.1
CASE MATERIALS
NAC/mt
12.3.2
CARTONBOARD
1000 mt
1,424
1,411,320
1,461
1,487,578
2,092
2,352,647
2,086
2,399,160
12.3.2
CARTONBOARD
1000 mt
12.3.2
CARTONBOARD
1000 mt
1,138
-939,562
12.3.2
CARTONBOARD
NAC/mt
991
1018
1125
1150
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
12.3.2
CARTONBOARD
NAC/mt
12.3.3
WRAPPING PAPERS
1000 mt
974
892,991
1,049
1,040,381
673
792,230
856
999,390
12.3.3
WRAPPING PAPERS
1000 mt
12.3.3
WRAPPING PAPERS
1000 mt
719
101,191
12.3.3
WRAPPING PAPERS
NAC/mt
917
991
1177
1167
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
12.3.3
WRAPPING PAPERS
NAC/mt
12.3.4
OTHER PAPERS MAINLY FOR PACKAGING
1000 mt
267
199,372
284
212,005
323
219,843
300
213,142
12.3.4
OTHER PAPERS MAINLY FOR PACKAGING
1000 mt
12.3.4
OTHER PAPERS MAINLY FOR PACKAGING
1000 mt
1,025
-19,398
12.3.4
OTHER PAPERS MAINLY FOR PACKAGING
NAC/mt
748
746
682
712
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
12.3.4
OTHER PAPERS MAINLY FOR PACKAGING
NAC/mt
12.4
OTHER PAPER AND PAPERBOARD N.E.S. (NOT ELSEWHERE SPECIFIED)
1000 mt
201
449,031
219
470,590
345
786,930
343
811,104
12.4
OTHER PAPER AND PAPERBOARD N.E.S. (NOT ELSEWHERE SPECIFIED)
1000 mt
12.4
OTHER PAPER AND PAPERBOARD N.E.S. (NOT ELSEWHERE SPECIFIED)
1000 mt
1,258
-336,520
12.4
OTHER PAPER AND PAPERBOARD N.E.S. (NOT ELSEWHERE SPECIFIED)
NAC/mt
2236
2148
2283
2365
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
12.4
OTHER PAPER AND PAPERBOARD N.E.S. (NOT ELSEWHERE SPECIFIED)
Mechanical wood pulp, semi-chemical wood pulp and pulp from fibres other than wood 9.1+10.1
1000 mt
181.000
111994.000
184.000
124110.000
108.000
43963.000
101.000
47751.000
To fill:
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Text:
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
JQ3 SPW
62
91
91
Country:
DE
Date:
Country:
Name of Official responsible for reply:
0
Official Address (in full):
FOREST SECTOR QUESTIONNAIRE JQ3
0
SECONDARY PROCESSED PRODUCTS
Telephone/Fax:
0
0
Trade
E-mail:
0
This table highlights discrepancies between items and sub-items. Please verify your data for any non-zero figure!
Vaue must always be in 1000 NAC (national currency)
Flag
Flag
Flag
Flag
Note
Note
Note
Note
Discrepancies
Eurozone countries may use the old national currency, but only in both years
1000NAC
Product
Product
I M P O R T V A L U E
E X P O R T V A L U E
Import
Export
Import
Export
Product
Product
I M P O R T V A L U E
E X P O R T V A L U E
code
2017
2018
2017
2018
2017
2018
2017
2018
2017
2018
2017
2018
Code
2017
2018
2017
2018
13
SECONDARY WOOD PRODUCTS
7,983,102
8,082,697
7,075,314
7,166,523
13
SECONDARY WOOD PRODUCTS
0
0
0
0
13.1
FURTHER PROCESSED SAWNWOOD
237,763
233,960
206,802
219,711
13.1
FURTHER PROCESSED SAWNWOOD
0
0
0
0
13.1.C
Coniferous
103,011
107,843
139,243
157,504
13.1.C
Coniferous
13.1.NC
Non-coniferous
134,752
126,117
67,559
62,207
13.1.NC
Non-coniferous
13.1.NC.T
of which: Tropical
60,745
54,559
7,352
6,925
13.1.NC.T
of which: Tropical
OK
OK
OK
OK
13.2
WOODEN WRAPPING AND PACKAGING MATERIAL
523,714
545,683
311,266
342,773
13.2
WOODEN WRAPPING AND PACKAGING MATERIAL
13.3
WOOD PRODUCTS FOR DOMESTIC/DECORATIVE USE
271,668
287,544
119,509
133,832
13.3
WOOD PRODUCTS FOR DOMESTIC/DECORATIVE USE
13.4
BUILDER’S JOINERY AND CARPENTRY OF WOOD
1,052,215
1,113,288
1,184,908
1,148,251
13.4
BUILDER’S JOINERY AND CARPENTRY OF WOOD
13.5
WOODEN FURNITURE
5,044,787
4,988,962
4,718,674
4,741,819
13.5
WOODEN FURNITURE
13.6
PREFABRICATED BUILDINGS OF WOOD
170,424
193,661
111,496
118,801
13.6
PREFABRICATED BUILDINGS OF WOOD
13.7
OTHER MANUFACTURED WOOD PRODUCTS
682,531
719,599
422,659
461,336
13.7
OTHER MANUFACTURED WOOD PRODUCTS
14
SECONDARY PAPER PRODUCTS
3,802,419
3,845,057
7,270,517
7,591,116
14
SECONDARY PAPER PRODUCTS
0
0
0
0
14.1
COMPOSITE PAPER AND PAPERBOARD
49,542
51,413
87,127
84,407
14.1
COMPOSITE PAPER AND PAPERBOARD
14.2
SPECIAL COATED PAPER AND PULP PRODUCTS
547,351
565,952
1,540,528
1,687,106
14.2
SPECIAL COATED PAPER AND PULP PRODUCTS
14.3
HOUSEHOLD AND SANITARY PAPER, READY FOR USE
784,640
825,389
1,164,564
1,221,146
14.3
HOUSEHOLD AND SANITARY PAPER, READY FOR USE
14.4
PACKAGING CARTONS, BOXES ETC.
1,358,040
1,347,443
2,829,112
2,902,945
14.4
PACKAGING CARTONS, BOXES ETC.
14.5
OTHER ARTICLES OF PAPER AND PAPERBOARD, READY FOR USE
1,062,846
1,054,860
1,649,186
1,695,512
14.5
OTHER ARTICLES OF PAPER AND PAPERBOARD, READY FOR USE
OK
OK
OK
OK
14.5.1
of which: PRINTING AND WRITING PAPER, READY FOR USE
25,767
23,365
69,962
68,607
14.5.1
of which: PRINTING AND WRITING PAPER, READY FOR USE
14.5.2
of which: ARTICLES, MOULDED OR PRESSED FROM PULP
75,958
73,894
50,607
48,106
14.5.2
of which: ARTICLES, MOULDED OR PRESSED FROM PULP
14.5.3
of which: FILTER PAPER AND PAPERBOARD, READY FOR USE
49,640
39,836
182,928
186,973
14.5.3
of which: FILTER PAPER AND PAPERBOARD, READY FOR USE
To fill:
0
0
0
0
Text:
0
0
0
0
LAM & CHIPS
Unit of quantity:
1000 m3
Year
Product
Flow
Year
App. Cons.
Unit price
Production
Total Export
Total Import
Extra-EU Export
Extra-EU Import
TOT EXP
TOT IMP
X-EU EXP
X-EU IMP
1000 m3
1000 m3
1000 NAC
1000 m3
1000 NAC
1000 m3
1000 NAC
1000 m3
1000 NAC
1000 m3
2017
Glulam
1,200
303.0287970385
378673
256.0424020491
310248
123.0314977259
153951
33.935999791
51521
2017
1153.0136050106
1249.6271103632
1211.7055515692
1251.3137110874
1518.1812917644
2018
289.8065022645
366951
272.5906044191
332787
110.7664018693
142504
30.7227997529
50875
2018
-17.2158978454
1266.1931224202
1220.8307792161
1286.5273006531
1655.9363212072
2017
X-lam
200
372.1213994235
304241
499.7422992845
527680
39.0037000064
64311
133.2810986338
200328
2017
327.620899861
817.585337665
1055.9042145432
1648.8435709818
1503.0488347818
2018
406.615000301
341990
530.5963990949
559898
44.0608007724
73018
141.9026974431
206144
2018
123.9813987939
841.0658725006
1055.2238970243
1657.2100079898
1452.7137518489
Definitions:
Glulam: Builders' carpentry also includes glue-laminated timber (glulam), which is a structural timber product obtained by gluing together a number of wood laminations having their grain essentially parallel. Laminations of curved members are arranged so that the plane of each lamination is at 90 degrees to the plane of the applied load; thus, laminations of a straight gluman beam are laid flat. [from HS 4418, Builders' joinery and carpentry of wood, including cellular wood panels, assembled flooring panels, shingles and shakes]
X-lam: Panels consisting of laths of roughly sawn wood, assembled with glue in order to facilitate transport or later working. [from HS4421, Other articles of wood]
ECE-EU Species
Country:
DE
Date:
Name of Official responsible for reply:
0
DISCREPANCIES - please note cells with notes and review data
FOREST SECTOR QUESTIONNAIRE ECE/EU Species Trade
Official Address (in full):
Checks
Check Table
0
0
both VALUE and quantity reported ZERO
Trade in Roundwood and Sawnwood by species
Telephone:
0
Fax:
0
- checks whether subitems are bigger than the total
ZERO Q
quantity ZERO when VALUE is reported
E-mail:
0
ZERO V
Value ZERO when quantity is reported
Zero check - if no value please CHECK
NO Q
no quantity reported
Value must always be in 1000 NAC ( national currency)
Flag
Flag
Flag
Flag
Flag
Flag
Flag
Flag
Note
Note
Note
Note
Note
Note
Note
Note
NO V
no value reported
Treshold:
2
Eurozone countries may use the old national currency, but only in both years
1000NAC
REPORT
no figures reported
I M P O R T
E X P O R T
Import
Export
Import
Export
I M P O R T
E X P O R T
Value per
I M P O R T
E X P O R T
Unit price check
Product
Classification
Classification
Unit of
2017
2018
2017
2018
2017
2018
2017
2018
2017
2018
2017
2018
2017
2018
2017
2018
Classification
Classification
unit
2017
2018
2017
2018
IMPORT
EXPORT
Code
HS2017
CN2017
Product
Quantity
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
HS2007
CN2007
Product
1.2.C
4403.11/21/22/23/24/25/26
Industrial Roundwood, Coniferous
1000 m3ub
8,247.709
511,457.000
8,301.870
472,957.000
2,907.548
209,051.000
3,781.902
269,390.000
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
4403.11/21/22/23/24/25/26
0
NAC/m3
62
57
72
71
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
PRODUCTION
I M P O R T
E X P O R T
ex4403.11
Fir/Spruce (Abies spp., Picea spp.)
1000 m3ub
5,145.648
355,316.000
4,923.005
313,536.000
2,120.666
151,900.000
2,926.613
211,739
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
ex4403.11
Fir/Spruce (Abies spp., Picea spp.)
NAC/m3
69
64
72
72
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
Product
Classification
Classification
Unit of
2017
2018
2017
2018
2017
2018
4403.23/24
4403 23 10
sawlogs and veneer logs
1000 m3ub
3,614.713
276,803.000
3,460.291
249,171.000
1,478.788
111,556.000
2,175.895
164,977.000
4403.23/24
4403 23 10
sawlogs and veneer logs (Abies alba, Picea abies)
NAC/m3
77
72
75
76
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
Code
HS2007
CN2007
Product
Quantity
Quantity
Quantity
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
ex4403 11 00 4403 23 90
4403 24 00
pulpwood and other industrial roundwood
1000 m3ub
1,530.935
78,513.000
1,462.714
64,365.000
641.878
40,344.000
750.718
46,762.000
ex4403 11 00 4403 23 90
4403 24 00
pulpwood and other industrial roundwood (Abies alba, Picea abies)
NAC/m3
51
44
63
62
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
1
4401.11/12 44.03
Roundwood production
1000 m3
JQ1
0
0
ex4403.11
Pine (Pinus spp.)
1000 m3ub
2,543.136
126,065.000
2,829.062
129,401.000
569.764
37,344.000
549.616
34,615.000
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
ex4403.11
Pine (Pinus spp.)
NAC/m3
50
46
66
63
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
EU2
0
0
4403.21/22
4403 21 10
sawlogs and veneer logs
1000 m3ub
917.717
63,103.000
896.579
62,149.000
379.772
27,564.000
340.516
24,075.000
4403.21/22
4403 21 10
sawlogs and veneer logs (Pinus sylvestris)
NAC/m3
69
69
73
71
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
dif
0
0
ex4403 11 00
4403 21 90
4403 22 00
pulpwood and other industrial roundwood
1000 m3ub
1,625.419
62,962.000
1,932.483
67,252.000
189.992
9,780.000
209.100
10,540.000
ex4403 11 00
4403 21 90
4403 22 00
pulpwood and other industrial roundwood (Pinus sylvestris)
NAC/m3
39
35
51
50
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
1.2.C
4403.11/21/22/23/24/25/26
Industrial Roundwood (wood in the rough), Coniferous
1000 m3
JQ2
8,248
511,457
8,302
472,957
2,908
209,051
3,782
269,390
ex4403.11
Other / Non-specified
1000 m3ub
492.895
23,575.000
540.504
26,491.000
207.783
16,374.000
299.325
20,744.000
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
ex4403.11
Other / Non-specified
NAC/m3
48
49
79
69
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
ECE/EU
8,248
511,457
8,302
472,957
2,908
209,051
3,782
269,390
4403.25/26
4403 25 10
sawlogs and veneer logs
1000 m3ub
163.058
11,031.000
120.790
8,101.000
134.805
12,353.000
196.999
14,513.000
4403.25/26
4403 25 10
sawlogs and veneer logs
NAC/m3
68
67
92
74
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
dif
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
ex4403 11 00
4403 25 90
4403 26 00
pulpwood and other industrial roundwood
1000 m3ub
329.837
12,544.000
419.714
18,390.000
72.978
4,021.000
102.326
6,231.000
ex4403 11 00
4403 25 90
4403 26 00
pulpwood and other industrial roundwood
NAC/m3
38
44
55
61
ACCEPT
ACCEPT
1.2.NC
4403.12/41/49/91/93/94/95/96/97/98/99
Industrial Roundwood (wood in the rough), Non-Coniferous
Light blue cells are requested only for EU members using the Combined Nomenclature to fill in - other countries are welcome to do so if their trade classification nomenclature permits
"ex" codes indicate that only part of that trade classication code is used
Please note that information on tropical species trade is requested in questionnaire ITTO2 for ITTO member countries
Value must always be in 1000 NAC (national currency)
1000 NAC
I M P O R T
E X P O R T
Product
Classifications
2017
2018
2017
2018
HS2007/HS2002/HS96
Scientific Name
Local/Trade Name
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
(1000 m3)
(1000 m3)
(1000 m3)
(1000 m3)
1.2.NC.T
HS2017:
HS2012/2007:
44034910
3,179
1,560
2,691
1,371
135
89
199
141
ex4403.10 4403.41/49 ex4403.99
44034935
1,371
733
1,445
789
94
35
80
57
44034985
6,709
3,496
3,856
1,898
2,806
2,224
4,354
2,204
6.NC.T
HS2017:
HS2012/2007:
44072110
27
38
42
43
17
32
23
42
ex4406.10/90 4407.21/22/25/26/27/28/30
44072199
3
1
57
96
44
62
28
91
44072210
944
934
756
612
621
541
732
598
44072291
202
123
266
153
3
2
3
6
44072299
515
491
686
629
58
45
55
33
44072510
30
27
94
74
56
47
44072530
133
203
83
136
102
136
79
121
44072590
16,058
10,416
13,992
9,640
5,517
3,952
3,480
2,707
44072690
211
110
267
143
195
95
239
129
44072791
423
1,094
573
1,465
44072799
7,084
5,124
6,042
4,340
7,445
6,486
5,084
4,508
44072899
3,755
3,000
4,002
3,243
19
18
2,801
2,719
44072915
1,388
751
1,629
842
3,871
3,867
44072983
2,138
2,069
2,507
2,243
11
18
751
1,096
44072985
4
21
21
67
1,073
1,768
44072995
29,987
28,149
35,022
35,780
19,058
20,770
17,752
20,770
44072996
137
134
79
97
28
49
3
7
44072998
7,029
8,304
5,784
7,013
1,683
4,492
2,620
5,677
7.NC.T
HS2017:
44083121
0
2
0
2
Veneer Sheets, Tropical
4408.31/39
44083130
7
25
2
3
4
6
86
137
HS2012/2007:
44083915
64
113
267
557
47
305
18
271
4408.31/39 ex4408.90
44083930
556
2,129
715
2,397
1,354
3,616
1,250
3,022
44083955
61
109
74
148
2
61
68
212
44083970
780
978
44083985
1,320
4,233
1,243
4,865
1,215
6,265
824
4,951
44083995
8,226
4,018
6,976
3,889
653
1,587
434
1,942
8.1.NC.T
HS2017:
Plywood, Tropical
4412.31 ex4412.94/99
44123110
23,426
19,616
20,305
18,565
974
1,293
1,043
1,344
HS2012/2007:
44123190
115,207
65,688
118,641
68,672
40,087
49,308
42,577
48,245
4412.31 ex4412.32/94/99
44129410
6,207
3,439
6,129
3,406
66
104
93
136
44129930
1
1
44129950
13,282
8,902
12,264
9,136
2,295
4,786
1,384
4,062
Note: List the major species traded in each category. Use additional sheet if more species to be explicitly reported. For tropical plywood, identify by face veneer if composed of more than one species.
ITTO3-Miscellaneous
Country:
Date:
Name of Official responsible for reply:
Official Address (in full):
FOREST SECTOR QUESTIONNAIRE ITTO3
Miscellaneous Items
Telephone:
Fax:
(use additional paper if necessary)
E-mail:
1
Please enter current import tariff rates applied to tropical and non-tropical timber products. If available, please provide tariffs by the relevant customs classification category. If tariff levels have been reported in previous years, enter changes only. (Logs = JQ code 1.2, Sawn = JQ code 6, Veneer = JQ code 7, and Plywood = JQ code 8.1)
Current import tariff
Logs
Tropical:
Sawn
Tropical:
Veneer
Tropical:
Plywood
Tropical:
Non-Tropical:
Non-Tropical:
Non-Tropical:
Non-Tropical:
Comments (if any):
2
Please comment on any quotas, incentives, disincentives, tariff/non-tariff barriers or other related factors which now or in future will significantly affect your production and trade of tropical timber products.
3
Please elaborate on any short or medium term plans for expanding capacity for (further) processing of tropical timber products in your country.
4
Please indicate any trends or changes expected in the species composition of your trade. How important are lesser-used tropical timber species and/or minor tropical forest products?
5
Please indicate trends in domestic building activity, housing starts, mortgage/interest rates, substitution of non-tropical wood and/or non-wood products for tropical timbers, and any other domestic factors having a significant impact on tropical timber consumption in your country.
6
Please indicate the extent of foreign involvement in your timber sector (e.g. number and nationalities of concessionaires/mill (joint) owners, area of forest allocated, scale of investment, etc.).
7
Please provide details of any relevant forest law enforcement activities (e.g. legislation, fines, arrests, etc.) in your country in the past year.
8
Please indicate the current extent of forest plantations in your country (ha), annual establishment rate (ha/yr) and proportion of industrial roundwood production from plantations.
The term "ex" means that there is not a complete correlation between the two codes and that only a part of the HS2012/HS2017 or SITC Rev.4 code is applicable.
For instance "ex4401.40" under product 3.2 means that only a part of HS2017 code 4401.40 refers to wood residues coming from wood processing (the other part coded under 4401.40 is recovered post-consumer wood).
In SITC Rev.4, if only 4 digits are shown, then all sub-headings at lower degrees of aggregation are included (for example, 634.1 includes 634.11 and 634.12).
OTHER ARTICLES OF PAPER AND PAPERBOARD, READY FOR USE
48.14/16/17/20/21/22/23
48.14/16/17/20/21/22/23
641.94 642.2 642.3 642.42/45/91/93/99 892.81
14.5.1
of which: PRINTING AND WRITING PAPER, READY FOR USE
ex4823.90
ex4823.90
ex642.99
14.5.2
of which: ARTICLES, MOULDED OR PRESSED FROM PULP
4823.70
4823.70
ex642.99
14.5.3
of which: FILTER PAPER AND PAPERBOARD, READY FOR USE
4823.20
4823.20
642.45
Notes:
The term "ex" means that there is not a complete correlation between the two codes and that only a part of the HS2012/HS2017 or SITC Rev.4 code is applicable.
For instance "ex811.00" under "Prefabricated buildings of wood" means that only a part of SITC code 811.00 refers to buildings prefabricated from wood, as that code does not distinguish between the materials buildings were prefabricated from.
In SITC Rev.4, if only 4 digits are shown, then all subheadings at lower degrees of aggregation are included (for example, 892.2 includes 892.21 and 892.29).
These tables show forest products production and trade forecasts for 2021 and 2022. These cover roundwood (logs, pulpwood and fuel wood), sawnwood (coniferous and non-coniferous), wood-based panels (plywood, particle board, OSB and fibreboard), pulp, paper and wood pellets. The forecast data are provided by national correspondents and approved at the meeting of the Committee on Forests and the Forest Industry.
Table 7 – Wood Pulp
Table 8 – Paper and Paperboard
Table 9 – Removals of wood in the rough
Table 9a – Removals of wood in the rough (softwood)
Table 9b – Removals of wood in the rough (hardwood)
Table 10 – Softwood logs
Table 11 – Hardwood logs
Table 11a – Hardwood logs (temperate)
Table 11b – Hardwood logs (tropical)
Table 12 – Pulpwood
Table 12a – Pulpwood (softwood)
Table 12b – Pulpwood (hardwood)
Table 12c – Wood Residues, Chips and Particles
Table 13 – Wood Pellets
Table 14 – Europe: Summary of Market Forecast
Table 15 – North America: Summary of Market Forecast
Table 16 – Russian Federation: Summary of Market Forecast
Table 17 - Europe: Trade in forest products by main product groups, 1979-81 and 1999-2001 (average) and 2016 to 2020
Table 18 - Europe: Apparent consumption of selected forest products, 1979-81 and 1999-2001 (average), 2016 to 2020, and
forecasts for 2021 and 2022
Table 19 - United States: Apparent consumption and imports of selected forest products 1979-81 and 1999-2001 (average), 2016 to 2020, and
forecasts for 2021 and 2022
Data as of November 26, 2021.
UNECE COFFI and FAO EFC Foresta2021 page 2
Notes
Data are shown only for countries providing forecasts. Sub-regional totals thus reflect only the reporting countries of the subregion.
Austrian removals data do not include trees outside the forest. Wood chip trade includes recovered post-consumer wood.
German estimates of removals for 2021 and 2022 are highly sensitive to assumptions of beetle damage and drought, and significant inventory swings. Actual
consumption in 2021 is higher than indicated due to use of stocks built up in 2018-2020. Actual consumption of pellets in 2020 should be approximately
300,000 mt less than the indicated figure as this amount was stored by new market participants.
Italy MDF/HDF production data include only MDF.
Montenegro removal figures are from Directorate of Forests, other figures are based on Statistical Office information.
Slovenia trade figures are lower than actual as they do not include estimates for non-recorded trade with other EU countries.
Polish trade data exclude non-reporters (estimated at 1-3% of total). Residues exclude recovered wood. Polish sawnwood data exclude shop lumber. Wood
pulp production is in metric tonnes, not air-dried, and excludes recovered fibre pulp. Wood pellets production data includes briquettes and non-wood based
material.
United Kingdom production figures for OSB and wood pulp are secretariat estimates.
Data on wood chips and residues for Turkey include those from secondary processing.
For tables 1-13, data in italics are secretariat estimates or repeated data. All other data are from national sources and are of course estimates for the current and
future year.
Countries with nil, missing or confidential data for all years on a table are not shown.
Consumption figures are the sum of production and national imports minus national exports. Softwood = coniferous, hardwood = non-coniferous.
United States a 86 118 87 846 88 690 62 446 63 831 64 874 25 631 26 033 25 875 1 959 2 019 2 059 Etats-Unis a
Total North America 99 902 108 231 111 043 101 843 106 680 109 764 26 261 26 678 26 579 28 202 25 127 25 300 Total Amérique du Nord
a converted from nominal to actual size using factor of 0.72 a convertis du dimension nominale au véritable avec une facteur du 0.72
Production Imports - Importations
TABLE 1
Apparent Consumption
Consommation Apparente Pays
SAWN SOFTWOOD SCIAGES CONIFERES
1000 m3
Data only for those countries providing forecasts - Données uniquement pour les pays fournissant des prévisions
a Pulpwood, round and split, as well as chips and particles produced directly a Bois de trituration, rondins et quartiers, ainse que plaquettes et particules fabriquées
therefrom and used as pulpwood directement à partir des rondins et quartiers et utilisées comme bois de trituration
b Pitprops, poles, piling, posts etc. b Bois de mine, poteaux, pilotis, piquets etc.
c Including chips and particles produced from wood in the rough and c Y compris plaquettes et particules fabriquées à partir du bois brut et utilisées
used for energy purposes à des fins energétiques
Bois de trituration a
TABLE 9
Autre b
Wood fuel c
Bois de chauffage c
Total PaysCountry Grumes
LogsTotal Pulpwood
a Other b
Industrial wood - Bois industriels
QUANTITES ENLEVEES DE BOIS BRUT
TOTAL
REMOVALS OF WOOD IN THE ROUGH
TOTAL
1000 m3 - Data only for those countries providing forecasts - Données uniquement pour les pays fournissant des prévisions
a Pulpwood, round and split, as well as chips and particles produced directly a Bois de trituration, rondins et quartiers, ainse que plaquettes et particules fabriquées
therefrom and used as pulpwood directement à partir des rondins et quartiers et utilisées comme bois de trituration
b Pitprops, poles, piling, posts etc. b Bois de mine, poteaux, pilotis, piquets etc.
c Including chips and particles produced from wood in the rough and c Y compris plaquettes et particules fabriquées à partir du bois brut et utilisées
used for energy purposes à des fins energétiques
Pulpwood a Other b
Industrial wood - Bois industriels
QUANTITES ENLEVEES DE BOIS BRUT
CONIFERES
REMOVALS OF WOOD IN THE ROUGH
SOFTWOOD
1000 m3 - Data only for those countries providing forecasts - Données uniquement pour les pays fournissant des prévisions
a Pulpwood, round and split, as well as chips and particles produced directly a Bois de trituration, rondins et quartiers, ainse que plaquettes et particules fabriquées
therefrom and used as pulpwood directement à partir des rondins et quartiers et utilisées comme bois de trituration
b Pitprops, poles, piling, posts etc. b Bois de mine, poteaux, pilotis, piquets etc.
c Including chips and particles produced from wood in the rough and c Y compris plaquettes et particules fabriquées à partir du bois brut et utilisées
used for energy purposes à des fins energétiques
Bois de trituration a
TABLE 9b
Autre b
Wood fuel c
Bois de chauffage c
Total PaysCountry Grumes
LogsTotal Pulpwood
a Other b
Industrial wood - Bois industriels
QUANTITES ENLEVEES DE BOIS BRUT
NON-CONIFERES
REMOVALS OF WOOD IN THE ROUGH
HARDWOOD
1000 m3 - Data only for those countries providing forecasts - Données uniquement pour les pays fournissant des prévisions
a Countries which did not provide trade data are included in consumption data a La consommation comprend les pays qui n'ont pas fournies des données sur la commerce
Production Imports - Importations
TABLE 10
Apparent Consumption a
Consommation Apparente a Pays
SOFTWOOD SAWLOGS GRUMES DE SCIAGES DES CONIFERES
1000 m3
Data only for those countries providing forecasts - Données uniquement pour les pays fournissant des prévisions
a Countries which did not provide trade data are included in consumption data a La consommation comprend les pays qui n'ont pas fournies des données sur la commerce
Exports - ExportationsCountry Production Imports - Importations
TABLE 11
Apparent Consumption a
Consommation Apparente a Pays
HARDWOOD SAWLOGS (total)
Data only for those countries providing forecasts - Données uniquement pour les pays fournissant des prévisions
a Countries which did not provide trade data are included in consumption data a La consommation comprend les pays qui n'ont pas fournies des données sur la commerce
Exports - ExportationsCountry Production Imports - Importations
TABLE 11a
Apparent Consumption a
Consommation Apparente a Pays
HARDWOOD LOGS (temperate)
Data only for those countries providing forecasts - Données uniquement pour les pays fournissant des prévisions
GRUMES DE NON-CONIFERES (zone tempérée)
1000 m3
UNECE COFFI and FAO EFC Foresta2021 page 23
Imports Exports
2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022
France -33 -38 -37 36 42 40 3 3 3 France
Germany -6 -4 -6 8 9 10 2 5 4 Allemagne
Luxembourg -15 -15 -15 15 15 15 0 0 0 Luxembourg
Netherlands -4 -13 -13 14 20 20 10 7 7 Pays-Bas
Poland -1 -2 -2 2 2 2 0 0 0 Pologne
Portugal -187 -74 -69 192 80 75 5 6 6 Portugal
Serbia -1 -1 -1 1 1 1 0 0 0 Serbie
Slovenia -1 -1 -1 1 1 1 0 0 0 Slovénie
Spain -7 -6 -7 7 8 8 0 1 1 Espagne
United Kingdom -24 -24 -24 24 24 24 0 0 0 Royaume-Un
Total Europe -279 -178 -175 300 201 196 20 23 21 Total Europe
Canada 1 3 0 0 0 0 1 3 0 Canada
United States -1 -1 -1 2 2 2 1 1 1 Etats-Unis
Total North America 0 2 -1 2 2 2 2 4 1 Total Amérique du Nord
TABLE 11b
Net Trade
Commerce Net Pays
HARDWOOD LOGS (tropical) GRUMES DE NON-CONIFERES (tropicale)
1000 m3
Exports - ExportationsCountry
Data only for those countries providing forecasts - Données uniquement pour les pays fournissant des prévisions
Includes wood residues, chips and particles for all purposes Comprend les dechets de bois, plaquettes et particules pour toute utilisation
a Countries which did not provide trade data are included in consumption data a La consommation comprend les pays qui n'ont pas fournies des données sur la commerce
TABLE 12
Apparent Consumption a
Pays
1000 m3
Exports - Exportations
PULPWOOD (total) BOIS DE TRITURATION (total)
Country
Data only for those countries providing forecasts - Données uniquement pour les pays fournissant des prévisions
Production Imports - ImportationsConsommation Apparente a
a Countries which did not provide trade data are included in consumption data a La consommation comprend les pays qui n'ont pas fournies des données sur la commerce
TABLE 12a
Apparent Consumption a
Consommation Apparente a Pays
PULPWOOD LOGS (ROUND AND SPLIT) BOIS DE TRITURATION (RONDINS ET QUARTIERS)
1000 m3 - Data only for those countries providing forecasts - Données uniquement pour les pays fournissant des prévisions
a Countries which did not provide trade data are included in consumption data a La consommation comprend les pays qui n'ont pas fournies des données sur la commerce
Hardwood Non-conifères
1000 m3 - Data only for those countries providing forecasts - Données uniquement pour les pays fournissant des prévisions
BOIS DE TRITURATION (RONDINS ET QUARTIERS)
Production Imports - Importations
TABLE 12b
Apparent Consumption a
Consommation Apparente a PaysExports - ExportationsCountry
– Residues, chips and particles 120.70 124.96 126.70 109.88 114.58 116.03 22.34 22.46 22.55 11.52 12.08 11.88 – Déchets, plaquettes et part.
Wood pulp 40.30 40.64 40.12 36.93 37.91 37.93 17.92 17.74 17.65 14.55 15.02 15.46 Pâte de bois
Paper and paperboard 76.36 76.97 77.32 86.91 89.94 90.19 44.50 44.66 44.77 55.05 57.63 57.65 Papiers et cartons
Wood Pellets 25.84 26.39 27.74 17.91 18.74 19.52 15.85 16.02 16.67 7.93 8.38 8.44 Granulés de bois
a Countries which did not provide trade data are included in consumption data a La consommation comprend les pays qui n'ont pas fourni des données sur le commerce
b Trade figures by zone do not equal the total as some countries cannot provide data for both zones b Les chiffres du commerce par zone ne correspondent pas aux totaux
en raison du fait que certains pays ne peuvent les différencier.
Russian Federation: Summary table of market forecasts for 2021 and 2022
Fédération de Russie: Tableau récapitulatif des prévisions du marché pour 2021 et 2022
million m3 (pulp, paper and pellets million m.t. - pâte de bois, papiers et cartons, et granulés en millions de tonnes métriques)
Imports - Importations
prévisions
forecasts
prévisions
forecasts
prévisions
forecasts
prévisions
forecasts
UNECE COFFI and FAO EFC Foresta2021 page 32
Unit
Unité 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
1979-81 1999-2001 Volume Percent
EXPORTS EXPORTATIONS
Roundwood a million m3 22.22 48.68 61.29 63.02 70.01 78.70 82.01 3.31 4.2% Bois ronds a
Sawnwood " 24.77 45.99 55.71 58.51 59.86 62.83 56.58 -6.25 -9.9% Sciages
Wood-based panels b " 8.07 21.42 33.67 35.66 35.43 35.67 28.55 -7.12 -20.0% Panneaux à base de bois b
Wood pulp million m.t. 7.31 10.08 14.31 14.81 15.19 16.26 14.55 -1.71 -10.5% Pâte de bois
Paper and paperboard " 18.39 54.06 65.56 66.20 66.45 65.12 55.05 -10.07 -15.5% Papiers et cartons
IMPORTS IMPORTATIONS
Roundwood a million m3 38.83 74.99 85.69 79.61 90.25 89.33 86.83 -2.50 -2.8% Bois ronds a
Sawnwood " 34.26 46.39 40.93 43.88 46.19 47.38 36.52 -10.86 -22.9% Sciages
Wood-based panels b " 10.30 21.38 33.04 35.75 37.21 36.72 28.43 -8.29 -22.6% Panneaux à base de bois b
Wood pulp million m.t. 11.36 17.26 20.73 20.86 21.51 20.02 17.92 -2.10 -10.5% Pâte de bois
Paper and paperboard " 16.78 48.69 56.27 57.08 57.24 55.14 44.50 -10.64 -19.3% Papiers et cartons
NET TRADE c COMMERCE NET c
Roundwood a million m3 -16.61 -26.31 -24.40 -16.59 -20.24 -10.63 -4.82 5.81 54.6% Bois ronds a
Sawnwood " -9.49 -0.40 14.78 14.62 13.68 15.45 20.06 4.61 29.8% Sciages
Wood-based panels b " -2.23 0.04 0.63 -0.10 -1.79 -1.05 0.12 1.17 NA Panneaux à base de bois b
Wood pulp million m.t. -4.05 -7.18 -6.42 -6.05 -6.31 -3.76 -3.37 0.39 10.3% Pâte de bois
Paper and paperboard " 1.61 5.37 9.29 9.12 9.21 9.98 10.55 0.57 5.7% Papiers et cartons
a Including available data on wood residues, chips and particles a Y compris les données disponibles pour les déchets, les plaquettes et les particules
b Not including veneer sheets b Ne sot pas compris les feuilles de placage
c Exports minus imports c Exportations moins importations
2019/2020
Quantity - Volume
TABLE 17
Europe: Trade in forest products by main product groups, 1979-81 and 1999-2001 (averages) and 2016 to 2020
Europe: Commerce des produits forestiers, par principaux groupes d'assortiments, en 1979-81 et 1999-2001 (moyennes) et de 2016 à 2020
Paper and paperboard 100.0 180.3 179.8 182.9 182.1 175.3 155.3 156.5 157.2 Papiers et cartons
– Newsprint 100.0 186.6 102.5 93.4 89.2 81.6 63.5 – Papiers journal
– Other paper & paperbrd. 100.0 179.4 191.5 196.5 196.1 189.5 169.2 – Autres papiers/cartons
a The forecasts and 2020 are not a Une comparison entre prévisions (et 2020)
comparable with earlier data as the methodology is different. et les donnes anterieures n'est pas possible à cause de différences des méthodes de calcul.
b Excluding sleepers through 2016 b Non compris les traverses jusqu'à 2016
c Not including veneer sheets c Ne sont pas compris les feuilles de placage
d Average figure for 1979-81 includes OSB d Les chiffres moyennes 1979-81 comprennent le OSB
TABLE 18
Europe: Apparent consumption of selected forest products, 1979-81 and 1999-2001 (averages), 2016 to 2020, and forecasts for 2021 and 2022
Europe: Consommation apparente de certains produits forestiers, en 1979-81 et 1999-2001 (moyennes), de 2016 à 2020 et prévisions pour 2021 et 2022
Paper and paperboard million m.t. 7.78 15.84 9.26 9.17 9.46 8.72 7.64 7.83 7.87 Papiers et cartons
– Newsprint " 6.49 6.61 1.84 1.72 1.53 1.28 1.05 – Papiers journal
– Other paper & paperbrd. " 1.29 9.24 7.42 7.45 7.94 7.45 6.60 – Autres papiers/cartons
a The forecasts and 2020 are not a Une comparison entre prévisions (et 2020)
comparable with earlier data as the methodology is different. et les donnes anterieures s n'est pas possible à cause de différences des méthodes de calcul.
b Excluding sleepers through 2016 b Non compris les traverses jusqu'à 2016
c Not including veneer sheets c Ne sont pas compris les feuilles de placage
d Average figure for 1979-81 includes OSB d Les chiffres moyennes 1979-81 comprennent le OSB
Actual - Réelle
Unit
Unité
Imports – Importations
Apparent Consumption – Consommation apparente
average
moyenne
TABLE 19
United States: Apparent consumption and imports of selected forest products, 1979-81 and 1999-2001 (averages), 2016 to 2020, and forecasts for 2021 and 2022
Etats-Unis: Consommation apparente et importations de certains produits forestiers, en 1979-81 et 1999-2001 (moyennes), de 2016 à 2020 et prévisions pour 2021 et 2022
Forecasts a
Prévisions a
UNECE COFFI and FAO EFC Foresta2021 page 35
List of tables
List of Tables and Notes
Table 1 - Sawn Softwood
Table 2 - Sawn Hardwood (total)
Table 2a - Sawn Hardwood (temperate)
Table 2b - Sawn Hardwood (tropical)
Table 3 - Veneer Sheets
Table 4 - Plywood
Table 5 - Particle Board (excluding OSB)
Table 5a - Oriented Strand Board
Table 6 - Fibreboard
Table 6a - Hardboard
Table 6b - MDF/HDF
Table 6c - Other Fibreboard
Table 7 - Wood Pulp
Table 8 - Paper and Paperboard
Table 9 - Removals of wood in the rough
Table 9a - Removals of wood in the rough (softwood)
Table 9b - Removals of wood in the rough (hardwood)
Table 10 - Softwood sawlogs
Table 11 - Hardwood sawlogs
Table 11a - Hardwood logs (temperate)
Table 11b - Hardwood logs (tropical)
Table 12 - Pulpwood
Table 12a - Pulpwood (softwood)
Table 12b - Pulpwood (hardwood)
Table 12c - Wood Residues, Chips and Particles
Table 13 - Wood Pellets
Table 14 - Europe: Summary table of market forecasts for 2021 and 2022
Table 15 - North America: Summary table of market forecasts for 2021 and 2022
Table 16 - Russian Federation: Summary table of market forecasts for 2021 and 2022
Table 17 - Europe: Trade in forest products by main product groups, 1979-81 and 1999-2001 (average) and 2016 to 2020
Table 18 - Europe: Apparent consumption of selected forest products, 1979-81 and 1999-2001 (average), 2016 to 2020, and forecasts for 2021 and 2022
Table 19 - United States: Apparent consumption and imports of selected forest products 1979-81 and 1999-2001 (average), 2016 to 2020, and forecasts for 2021 and 2022
Source: UNECE Committee on Forests and the Forest Industry , November 2021, http://www.unece.org/forests/fpm/timbercommittee.html
Notes: Data in italics are estimated by the secretariat. EECCA is Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia.
Data for the two latest years are forecasts.
In contrast to previous years, data are shown only for countries providing forecasts. Sub-regional totals are only for reporting countries.
Austrian removals data do not include trees outside the forest. Wood chip trade includes recovered post-consumer wood.
German estimates for removals for 2021 and 2022 are highly sensitive to assumptions of beetle and storm damage
Italy MDF/HDF production data include only MDF
Montenegro removal figures are from Directorate of Forests, other figures are based on Statistical Office information.
Polish trade data exclude non-reporters (estimated at 1-3% of total). Polish sawnwood data include shop lumber. Wood pulp production is in metric tonnes not air-dried and excludes recovered fibre pulp.
Polish wood pellets production data includes briquettes and non-wood based material.
Slovenian trade figures are lower than actual as they do not include estimates for non-recorded trade with other EU countries.
United Kingdom production figures for OSB and wood pulp are secretariat estimates.
Data on wood chips and residues for Turkey include those from secondary processing.
Softwood = coniferous, hardwood = non-coniferous
For tables 1-13, data in italics are secretariat estimates or repeated data. All other data are from national sources and are of course estimates for the current and future year.
Countries with nil, missing or confidential data for all years on a table are not shown.
Table 1
TABLE 1
SAWN SOFTWOOD
SCIAGES CONIFERES
Data only for those countries providing forecasts - Données uniquement pour les pays fournissant des prévisions
1000 m3
Apparent Consumption
Country
Consommation Apparente
Production
Imports - Importations
Exports - Exportations
Pays
2020
2021
2022
2020
2021
2022
2020
2021
2022
2020
2021
2022
Country
Consumption
Production
Imports
Exports
Country
Austria
6,165
6,650
6,700
10,339
10,800
11,300
1,777
1,950
1,600
5,951
6,100
6,200
Autriche
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Bosnia-Herzegovina
226
189
204
810
779
812
7
10
12
590
600
620
Bosnie-Herzegovine
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Cyprus
29
31
31
1
1
1
28
30
30
0
0
0
Chypre
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Czech Republic
2,343
1,875
1,924
5,213
5,015
5,144
483
460
480
3,352
3,600
3,700
République tchèque
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Estonia
2,073
2,420
2,420
1,700
1,700
1,700
1,364
1,720
1,720
991
1,000
1,000
Estonie
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Finland
3,252
3,280
3,280
10,880
12,000
12,200
569
480
480
8,198
9,200
9,400
Finlande
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
France
8,187
8,492
8,400
6,798
7,000
7,000
2,437
2,484
2,400
1,048
992
1,000
France
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Germany
20,630
22,300
22,500
25,216
27,000
27,000
5,519
6,300
6,000
10,105
11,000
10,500
Allemagne
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Hungary
910
858
858
120
134
134
796
768
768
7
44
44
Hongrie
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Ireland
492
937
997
1,012
1,312
1,397
310
375
400
830
750
800
Irlande
3
3
2
2
5
2
2
5
2
2
5
2
2
3
Italy
3,714
4,412
4,412
274
342
342
3,740
4,282
4,282
300
213
213
Italie
3
2
2
3
2
2
5
2
2
5
2
2
5
3
Latvia
1,383
1,600
1,300
3,311
3,000
3,000
1,106
1,600
1,300
3,034
3,000
3,000
Lettonie
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Luxembourg
54
54
54
39
39
39
27
27
27
12
12
12
Luxembourg
3
3
3
3
5
5
5
2
5
5
2
5
5
3
Malta
7
6
7
0
0
0
7
6
7
0
0
0
Malte
3
3
2
2
5
2
2
5
2
2
5
2
2
3
Montenegro
32
32
32
129
129
129
9
9
9
106
106
106
Monténégro
3
3
3
3
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
3
Netherlands
2,631
2,520
2,600
95
100
100
3,132
2,900
3,000
596
480
500
Pays-Bas
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
North Macedonia
24
24
24
2
2
2
23
23
23
0
0
0
Macédoine du Nord
3
3
3
3
5
5
5
3
5
5
3
5
5
3
Poland
4,460
4,550
4,600
4,181
4,300
4,400
1,237
1,250
1,300
958
1,000
1,100
Pologne
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Portugal
770
770
780
874
880
890
133
120
130
237
230
240
Portugal
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Serbia
401
438
453
112
130
135
291
310
320
2
2
2
Serbie
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Slovakia
576
650
700
1,182
1,000
1,050
352
400
400
959
750
750
Slovaquie
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Slovenia
704
392
439
877
717
729
657
670
690
830
995
980
Slovénie
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Spain
2,436
3,446
3,712
1,813
2,773
2,940
829
977
1,044
206
304
272
Espagne
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Sweden
5,123
6,300
6,300
18,500
18,900
18,800
599
500
400
13,976
13,100
12,900
Suède
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Switzerland
1,216
1,245
1,275
1,120
1,150
1,180
293
280
275
197
185
180
Suisse
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Turkey
6,337
6,396
6,396
6,091
6,150
6,150
380
380
380
134
134
134
Turquie
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
United Kingdom
9,772
10,769
11,137
3,302
3,633
3,633
6,677
7,345
7,712
208
208
208
Royaume-Uni
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Total Europe
83,947
90,637
91,535
103,993
108,986
110,207
32,780
35,655
35,188
52,826
54,004
53,861
Total Europe
Armenia
182
182
182
0
0
0
182
182
182
0
0
0
Arménie
3
3
3
3
5
5
5
2
5
5
5
5
5
3
Moldova
221
221
221
2
2
2
219
219
219
0
0
0
Moldova
3
2
3
3
2
5
5
2
5
5
2
5
5
3
Russia
9,127
10,145
11,250
38,918
40,086
42,090
42
42
42
29,833
29,982
30,882
Russie
3
3
2
2
3
2
2
5
2
2
2
2
2
3
Total EECCA
9,530
10,549
11,653
38,920
40,088
42,092
444
444
444
29,833
29,983
30,882
Total EOCAC
Canada a
13,784
20,386
22,353
39,397
42,849
44,890
631
645
704
26,243
23,108
23,241
Canada a
3
3
2
2
3
2
2
3
2
2
3
2
2
3
United States a
86,118
87,846
88,690
62,446
63,831
64,874
25,631
26,033
25,875
1,959
2,019
2,059
Etats-Unis a
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
3
2
2
3
Total North America
99,902
108,231
111,043
101,843
106,680
109,764
26,261
26,678
26,579
28,202
25,127
25,300
Total Amérique du Nord
a converted from nominal to actual size using factor of 0.72
a convertis du dimension nominale au véritable avec une facteur du 0.72
Data only for those countries providing forecasts - Données uniquement pour les pays fournissant des prévisions
1000 m3
Apparent Consumption
Country
Consommation Apparente
Production
Imports - Importations
Exports - Exportations
Pays
2020
2021
2022
2020
2021
2022
2020
2021
2022
2020
2021
2022
Country
Consumption
Production
Imports
Exports
Country
Austria
719
798
803
2,330
2,480
2,500
308
320
325
1,919
2,002
2,022
Autriche
2
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
Bosnia-Herzegovina
168
164
165
12
13
12
157
153
155
1
2
2
Bosnie-Herzegovine
2
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
Cyprus
43
42
42
0
0
0
43
42
42
0
0
0
Chypre
2
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
Czech Republic
281
400
436
774
1,010
1,040
315
320
323
809
930
927
République tchèque
2
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
Estonia
170
185
185
180
210
210
73
74
74
83
99
99
Estonie
2
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
Finland
144
135
135
88
88
88
76
77
77
20
30
30
Finlande
2
2
2
2
0
-3
-3
0
-3
-3
0
-3
-3
2
France
1,592
2,160
2,508
2,233
2,633
3,033
579
591
640
1,219
1,065
1,165
France
2
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
Germany
5,789
5,660
5,815
5,556
5,550
5,575
1,903
1,660
1,840
1,670
1,550
1,600
Allemagne
2
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
Hungary
319
405
405
334
355
355
326
352
352
340
302
302
Hongrie
2
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
Ireland
101
114
114
0
0
0
116
130
130
16
16
16
Irlande
2
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
-3
-3
0
0
0
2
Italy
2,743
2,716
2,716
2,568
2,568
2,568
634
780
780
459
632
632
Italie
2
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
-3
0
0
-3
0
2
Latvia
162
160
160
396
400
400
49
50
50
283
290
290
Lettonie
2
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
Luxembourg
22
22
22
0
0
0
26
26
26
4
4
4
Luxembourg
2
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
Malta
10
10
10
0
0
0
10
10
10
0
0
0
Malte
2
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
Montenegro
18
18
18
0
0
0
18
18
18
-0
-0
-0
Monténégro
2
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
Netherlands
376
404
404
0
0
0
456
484
484
81
80
80
Pays-Bas
2
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
North Macedonia
95
95
95
0
0
0
96
96
96
1
1
1
Macédoine du Nord
2
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
Poland
6,640
6,640
6,650
5,739
5,670
5,670
1,626
1,650
1,680
724
680
700
Pologne
2
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
Portugal
549
647
693
700
710
720
288
365
412
438
428
439
Portugal
2
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
Serbia
349
362
364
217
220
223
193
195
197
61
53
56
Serbie
2
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
Slovakia
238
235
235
598
625
625
146
110
110
506
500
500
Slovaquie
2
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
Slovenia
143
163
157
0
0
0
147
168
160
4
5
4
Slovénie
2
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
Spain
1,586
1,566
1,544
1,783
1,847
1,855
446
616
645
643
897
956
Espagne
2
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
Sweden
874
908
895
568
580
565
386
415
410
80
87
80
Suède
2
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
Switzerland
262
280
300
366
380
390
126
125
130
230
225
220
Suisse
2
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
Turkey
3,234
3,234
3,234
4,075
4,075
4,075
29
29
29
870
870
870
Turquie
2
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
United Kingdom
2,203
2,465
2,465
1,698
1,897
1,897
590
649
649
86
81
81
Royaume-Uni
2
2
2
2
-1
-3
-3
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
Total Europe
28,830
29,988
30,569
30,215
31,311
31,801
9,162
9,505
9,844
10,548
10,828
11,075
Total Europe
Armenia
122
122
122
0
0
0
122
122
122
0
0
0
Arménie
2
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
-1
0
0
2
Moldova
93
93
93
0
0
0
93
93
93
0
0
0
Moldova
2
2
2
2
0
0
0
-1
0
0
-3
0
0
2
Russia
5,289
6,123
6,498
6,731
7,146
7,535
299
670
789
1,741
1,692
1,825
Russie
2
2
2
2
-1
0
0
1
0
0
-1
0
0
2
Total EECCA
5,504
6,337
6,713
6,731
7,146
7,535
514
884
1,004
1,741
1,692
1,825
Total EOCAC
Canada
2,010
1,360
1,227
2,277
1,791
1,748
492
609
621
759
1,041
1,142
Canada
2
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
United States
5,237
5,408
5,515
4,136
4,465
4,553
1,462
1,334
1,359
361
391
398
Etats-Unis
2
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
Total North America
7,247
6,768
6,742
6,413
6,257
6,302
1,954
1,943
1,980
1,121
1,432
1,539
Total Amérique du Nord
Data are calculated by subtracting OSB from the particleboard/OSB total - les données sont calculées en soustrayant les OSB du total des panneaux de particules et OSB.
United States: Apparent consumption and imports of selected forest products, 1979-81 and 1999-2001 (averages), 2016 to 2020, and forecasts for 2021 and 2022
Etats-Unis: Consommation apparente et importations de certains produits forestiers, en 1979-81 et 1999-2001 (moyennes), de 2016 à 2020 et prévisions pour 2021 et 2022
Unit
Unité
Actual - Réelle
Forecasts a
Prévisions a
average
moyenne
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
1979-81
1999-2001
Apparent Consumption – Consommation apparente
Sawnwood b
million m3
95.82
119.44
99.75
100.40
101.08
101.75
99.92
102.05
103.10
Sciages b
– Softwood
"
79.14
91.63
80.22
81.41
81.94
82.26
86.12
87.85
88.69
– Conifères
– Hardwood
"
16.67
27.81
19.53
18.99
19.14
19.49
13.81
14.20
14.41
– Non-conifères
Wood-based panels c
"
29.25
54.68
47.17
48.78
47.93
46.78
46.09
47.63
48.43
Panneaux à base de bois c
– Plywood
"
6.09
18.74
15.42
15.60
14.87
14.03
14.03
14.64
14.94
– Contreplaqués
– Particle board d
"
17.11
10.15
5.04
5.09
5.18
5.40
5.24
5.41
5.52
– Panneaux de particules d
– OSB
17.75
17.08
18.33
18.86
18.67
18.58
19.35
19.72
– OSB
– Fibreboard
"
6.05
8.05
9.63
9.75
9.01
8.69
8.24
8.24
8.24
– Panneaux de fibres
Paper and paperboard
million m.t.
61.86
92.52
70.10
69.61
68.82
66.31
63.57
66.13
67.40
Papiers et cartons
– Newsprint
"
10.56
12.20
3.03
2.62
2.29
1.91
1.42
– Papiers journal
– Other paper & paperbrd.
"
51.30
80.33
67.07
66.99
66.53
64.41
62.15
– Autres papiers/cartons
Imports – Importations
Sawnwood b
million m3
23.87
34.46
28.33
27.42
26.44
25.30
26.26
26.70
26.57
Sciages b
– Softwood
"
23.10
32.93
27.37
26.70
25.49
24.53
25.63
26.03
25.88
– Conifères
– Hardwood
"
0.77
1.53
0.96
0.72
0.95
0.77
0.63
0.67
0.69
– Non-conifères
Wood-based panels c
"
2.11
12.82
13.23
14.50
15.67
14.34
14.46
14.97
15.13
Panneaux à base de bois c
– Plywood
"
0.50
2.63
4.88
4.93
5.47
4.66
5.06
5.30
5.33
– Contreplaqués
– Particle board
"
1.33
1.44
1.25
1.24
1.33
1.43
1.46
1.33
1.36
– Panneaux de particules
– OSB
6.81
5.07
5.57
5.67
5.42
5.07
5.46
5.56
– OSB
– Fibreboard
"
0.28
1.94
2.03
2.76
3.21
2.83
2.88
2.88
2.88
– Panneaux de fibres
Paper and paperboard
million m.t.
7.78
15.84
9.26
9.17
9.46
8.72
7.64
7.83
7.87
Papiers et cartons
– Newsprint
"
6.49
6.61
1.84
1.72
1.53
1.28
1.05
– Papiers journal
– Other paper & paperbrd.
"
1.29
9.24
7.42
7.45
7.94
7.45
6.60
– Autres papiers/cartons
a The forecasts and 2020 are not
a Une comparison entre prévisions (et 2020)
comparable with earlier data as the methodology is different.
et les donnes anterieures s n'est pas possible à cause de différences des méthodes de calcul.
b Excluding sleepers through 2016
b Non compris les traverses jusqu'à 2016
c Not including veneer sheets
c Ne sont pas compris les feuilles de placage
d Average figure for 1979-81 includes OSB
d Les chiffres moyennes 1979-81 comprennent le OSB
This forest sector market statement from Germany covers developments in 2020-2021. It highlights general economic trends, policies affecting the forest including;
Languages and translations
English
MARKET STATEMENT
submitted by the
Delegation of Germany
to
"Foresta2021"
the joint 79th session of the ECE Committee on Forests and the Forest Industry and
the 41st session of the FAO European Forestry Commission
22 to 25 November 2021
in Rome
Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture
Bonn, 2021
1
1. General economic trends
1.1. German government interim projection forecasts recovery after historic slump1
In its spring projection the German government expects gross domestic product to increase by
3.5% (price-adjusted) in 2021. For 2022, further growth of 3.6% is expected as part of the
catch-up process (Table 1). The German government's projection is based on the assumption
that the far-reaching measures restricting social contact in public spaces to protect health and
life can be gradually relaxed in the course of the second quarter of 2021. Thereafter, a signifi-
cant recovery in the domestic economy and private consumer spending is expected. Also -
despite the ongoing infection - the industrial economy and the foreign trade in particular pre-
sent themselves as important drivers in the current year.
Table 1: Key figures of the 2021 spring projection
Gross domestic product by expenditure (price adjusted) 2020 2021 2022
Year-on-year change (in per cent)
Gross domestic product1) -4.9 3.5 3.6
Private consumption2) -6.1 0.8 5.5
Public-sector consumption 3.3 5.2 0.3
Gross fixed capital formation -3.1 3.5 3.6
- of which equipment -12.1 7.5 5.5
- of which buildings 1.9 1.4 2.8
- of which other investment -1.1 3.3 3.0
Changes in inventories and net acquisition of valuables (con-
tribution to GDP growth)
-0.8 0.0 0.0
Domestic demand -4.2 2.5 3.8
Exports -9.4 9.2 4.5
Imports -8.5 7.8 5.0
Net foreign demand (contribution to GDP growth)3) -0.9 1.1 0.1
Private consumption2) 0.7 2.2 1.5
Gainfully active persons (domestic) 44.8 44.7 45.0
Source: Mantau U (2018): INFRO Holzrohstoffbilanzen und Stoffströme des Holzes – Ent-
wicklungen in Deutschland 1987 bis 2016. Schlussbericht. Hamburg
Figure 2: Development of material utilization (yellow line, starting on higher level) and
energetic utilization (red line, starting on lower level) of wood resources in Germany
(million m3)
In late 2017 and especially during 2018, 2019 and 2020, roundwood production in Germany
was strongly affected by windthrow, drought and pests. Heavy storms led to significant forest
damage. The following drought period during 2018 to 2020 caused severe calamities by bark
beetle infestation in many regions. The damages mainly affected softwood, especially spruce.
It is reported that in the years 2018, 2019 and 2020 the damage due to drought and bark beetle
infestation accounted for 36 million m³, 69 million m³ and 72 million m3, respectively. The
17
costs of the damage caused to forestry by the extreme weather events of 2018 to 2020
amounts to more than 12.7 billion euro (Möhring et al. 202114)
The total volume of about 177 million m3 of damaged timber, accumulated within the last
three consecutive years, has led to continued oversupply, severe market pressure and dropped
roundwood prices. About 277,000 ha forest area has been affected between 2018 and 2020 in
Germany. The damage does not only concern the forest ecosystem, but also threatens the ex-
istence of many forest holdings. In order to combat spreading bark beetle disease and to pre-
serve timber quality, the clearing of affected forest areas is most important. But storage sites
have already been filled. Forestry companies are reaching limits regarding work force, logis-
tics and financial resources. Another future challenge is the question of reforestation with
special focus on climate change aspects (financing, seedlings, species etc.). Against the back-
drop of ongoing climate change it is supposed that in some regions Norway spruce may not be
able to maintain as a species as it seems not to be robust enough against storms and drought.
Another task is the suppression of emerging natural rejuvenation of spruce. Therefore, it is
challenging to choose climate change appropriate tree species for replanting resilient German
forests.
The Federal Government has already taken first measures to deal with forest damage during
the year 2018. The German Bundestag has decided on an additional 25 million Euros (ear-
marked) within the 2019 budget of the “German Joint Task for the Improvement of Agricul-
tural Structures and Coastal Protection (GAK)” for a period of 5 years. The government's
draft budget for 2020 and the 2023 financial planning foresees doubling the funding for the
management of extreme weather events in forests from 5 million to 10 million Euros per year.
Additionally, tax reliefs for the year 2018 have been achieved in favor of heavily affected
forest enterprises. Furthermore, there are particularly favorable financing conditions for refor-
estation measures offered by Landwirtschaftliche Rentenbank (Development Agency for Ag-
ribusiness and Rural Areas).
As forest damage heavily increased during 2019, these measures will not be sufficient. Hence,
the Federal Government will provide further financial resources for necessary measures as
part of the national climate package.
14 Möhring B, Bitter A, Bub G, Dieter M, Dög M, Hanewinkel M, Graf von Hatzfeld N, Köhler J,
Ontrup G, Rosenberger R, Seintsch B, Thoma F (2021) Schadenssumme insgesamt 12,7 Mrd. Euro:
Abschätzung der ökonomischen Schäden der Extremwetterereignisse der Jahre 2018 bis 2020 in der
Forstwirtschaft. [Total damage 12.7 billion euros: estimation of the economic damage of the extreme
weather events of 2018 to 2020 in forestry]. Holz Zentralbl 147(9):155-158
18
What needs to happen to deal with the forest damage immediately and in the long term? The
following corner stones may provide a basis for further action:
1. Combating bark beetle spread (i.a. evacuation of affected forest areas considering bio-
diversity aspects)
2. Transportation relief (i.a. temporary increase of permitted total weight for heavy duty
vehicles from 40 tonnes up to 44 tonnes, temporary suspension of the driving ban on
Sundays and holidays) and suspension of the cabotage scheme.
3. Acceleration and simplification of approval procedures for wood storage sites (wet and
dry storage)
4. Prompt reforestation of damaged forest areas taking into account climate change as
well as the need of high-quality seed and planting material (climate resilient mixed
stands)
5. Adaptation of the wild population to the requirements of close-to-nature forest man-
agement
6. Restoration/maintenance of the infrastructure in the forest (e.g. network of forest
roads, fire-fighting ponds, defusing of the situation in areas contaminated with ammu-
nition) and coordination of measures with the nature conservation authorities
7. Support of small private forest owners (e.g. intensify advice on the adaptation of for-
ests to climate change including training)
8. Backup for sufficient and well-trained staff (i.a. reversing staff reductions of the past;
rising attraction and expansion of education in forestry science, timber construction
and wood technology with practical relevance)
9. Expansion of research and development with special focus on forests, timber and cli-
mate protection
10. Intensification/expansion of forest monitoring (i.a. systematic detection of forest dam-
age using new technologies such as remote sensing)
11. Review and adaption of the German Forest Damage Compensation Act (i.a. definition
of thresholds for forest crisis, traffic and tax regulations)
12. Strengthening the climate-friendly use of wood originating from sustainable forest
management (major project: continued and intensified implementation of the Timber
Charter 2.0 measures focusing on i.a. climate protection, cycle-driven economy, raw
material and energy efficiency, intensified use of hardwood products)
13. Strengthening cooperation on European and international level in the field of sustaina-
ble forest management (other countries are facing similar challenges as Germany)
14: Intensification of public relations in the forest and wood sector (i.a. fact-based infor-
mation and education about the interrelationships of forest, wood, climate protection
and conservation of finite resources)
19
In addition to the above-mentioned key points and possible measures, an overarching, com-
prehensive, medium- and long-term strategy for the conservation and sustainable development
of the German forest is necessary. To this end, the Forest Strategy 205015 provides valuable
input.
3.2 Method to detect more realistic harvests and removals
According to official harvest statistics, in 2020 about 80.4 million m³ commercial volume
under bark were felled (+16.8 % compared with 2019). The fellings are strongly affected by
damaged timber from drought and bark beetle. According to official statistics, the species
group “spruce” accounted for 77 % of the total fellings, “pine” for 10 %, “beech” for 11 %
and “oak” for 2 %. The share of the species group “spruce” increased by about 8 percentage
points compared to 2019 which is mainly caused by bark beetle damage of spruce trees.
Comparing the development of removals in recent years with German Forest Resource As-
sessment data seems to show that in comparison with potential coniferous wood resources (in
particular potential resources of spruce) in hardwood there is still considerable untapped po-
tential. However, the official felling statistics (average of the last decade: about 59 million
m3) underestimate the real timber volumes, harvested in and removed from the forest. Espe-
cially removals in enterprises managing smaller forest areas (i.a. registration problems) and
fuelwood removals are underestimated.
In order to provide more realistic accounts of harvesting volumes an additional methodologi-
cal approach has been developed in Germany. The method is based on the recalculation of the
used amount of roundwood, differentiated into the various users (Jochem et al. 2015, TI-WF
2021)16. Considered datasources include official statistics, statistics of industry associations,
and results of various empirical studies (e.g. fuelwood consumption in private households).
Also, results from the most recent third Federal Forest Inventory Study 2012 and the Carbon
Inventory Study 2017 estimate the average annual harvest in the period 2003 to 2012 and
2013 to 2017 respectively. The third Federal Forest Inventory allows at a ten-year interval the
determination of fellings and verifies the derivation on the demand side. The Carbon Invento-
15https://www.bmel.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Broschueren/Waldstrategie2050.pdf?__bl
ob=publicationFile&v=6
16 Jochem D, Weimar H, Bösch M, Mantau U, Dieter M (2015): Estimation of wood removals and
fellings in Germany: a calculation approach based on the amount of used roundwood. Eur J Forest Res
134(5):869-888, DOI:10.1007/s10342-015-0896-9; TI-WF (2021): Fellings and Use of Roundwood
[online]. Hamburg: Thünen Institute of International Forestry and Forest Economics. Access:
https://www.thuenen.de/en/wf/figures-facts/production-and-use/fellings-and-roundwood-use/
20
ry is an intermediate inventory conducted in the middle of the obligatory ten-year circle of the
Federal Forest Inventory. Results of the statistical data for the most recent years as well as for
the period 2003 to 2012 are provided in Table 3.
Table 3: Comparison between official felling statistics with results of Federal Forest In-
ventory 2012 and WEHAM-potential (in million m3 of solid wood under bark per year)
Still, the domestic use of roundwood is dominated by softwood (roughly about three quarters
of the used roundwood are coniferous species). The German timber industry is further based
upon softwood processing. Roundwood utilisation accounts for about 90 % softwood and
about 10 % hardwood species. Predicted growth of global wood demand on the one hand and
declining softwood potentials in German forests on the other hand suggest that there will be a
major future challenge for the enterprises (e.g. to open up additional import opportunities for
softwood; to develop new markets for hardwood products). It is necessary to develop alterna-
tive utilisation and supply strategies with specific emphasis on improved raw material effi-
ciency and intensified “cascaded” use of wood. This situation seems to accelerate due to the
heavy damage in coniferous forest areas in Germany.
17 TI-WF (2021): Fellings and Use of Roundwood [online]. Hamburg: Thünen Institute of International
Forestry and Forest Economics. Access: www.thuenen.de/en/wf/figures-facts/production-and-
use/fellings-and-roundwood-use/
18 Hennig P, Schnell S, Riedel T (2019) Rohstoffquelle Wald - Holzvorrat auf neuem Rekord. AFZ
Wald 74(14):24-27
21
3.3 Positive development in timber construction
Roundwood markets are closely linked to developments in the construction sector. Regarding
wood consumption this industry sector is most important. In Germany roughly between one
half and two third of removals are transformed into products designed for building construc-
tion and housing elements. The German construction, housing and property industries form a
key sector for growth (turnaround 2019 estimated at about 307 billion Euros) and labor force
(about 2.5 million employees). About 75 per cent of the approx. 40 million German residen-
tial units were constructed before 1979. In 2020 the completed number of new residential
buildings has increased against the previous year by 4,864 units to 112,935 units. The share of
new wooden buildings in the whole building market has slightly increased from 18.7% in
2019 to 20.4 % in 2020.
3.4 Trade policy issues - Trade with wood and wood-based products
German trade with wood and wood-based products showed an increase in net imports from
the years 2018 to 202019, measured in roundwood equivalents (m³(r)): -1.4 million m³(r) in
2018, 9.0 million m³(r) in 2019 and 15.6 million m³(r) in 2020, respectively. In monetary
terms, however, net trade shows a surplus in these years: In 2018 net exports of 6.5 billion
euro of wood and wood-based products could be achieved. 2019 shows a further increase to
6.9 billion and, however, 2020 a slight decline to 6.7 billion euro.
The following Figure 3 and Figure 4 show the German trade balance of wood and wood-
based products of different product groups in the years 2018 to 2020 in 1,000 m³(r) and in
1,000 million euros.
19 Trade data for 2020 are preliminary
22
Source: Federal Statistical Office, calculated by Thünen Institute. 2020: Preliminary data
Figure 3: Trade balance of product groups of wood and wood-based products in the
years 2018 to 2020 (in 1,000 m³ (r))
The main product group of roundwood and residues shows net imports in the year 2018 and a
drastic change to net exports in 2019 and 2020. This change is mainly due to the strong in-
crease of domestic supply of roundwood because of ongoing drought and bark beetle damage
and options of forest enterprises to generate income in oversea markets. Especially exports of
coniferous roundwood to China increased significantly. 2019 is the first year since 2008
which shows net exports of roundwood. Measured in monetary values, already 2018 showed
net exports of roundwood and residues. In 2019 and 2020 further increases can be seen to 412
million and to 701 million euro.
Trade with semi-finished wood products shows an increase in net exports measured in round-
wood equivalent m³(r) as well as in euro. In 2018, net export summed up to 1.7 million m³(r)
and further increased to 6.4 million m³(r) in 2019 and to 7.8 million m³(r) in 2020. Net ex-
ports in monetary values show an annual export surplus of 2.6 billion euro in 2018, 3.1 billion
euro in 2019 and 3.3 billion euro in 2020. Within this main product group, pulp and recovered
paper show significant net imports, while the export surplus is mainly due to paper and paper-
board and to a minor degree to panels, sawnwood and other semi-finished products.
23
Source: Federal Statistical Office, calculated by Thünen Institute. 2020: Preliminary data
Figure 4: Trade balance of product groups of wood and wood-based products in the
years 2018 to 2020 (in million euro)
The main product group of finished products shows net exports in volume only in 2018 (600
million m³(r)) and rising net imports in 2019 (21 million m³(r)) and in 2020 (709 million
m³(r)). In value, net exports could still be achieved. However, they also show a decreasing
trend. In 2018 the export surplus amounted to 3.9 billion euro, in 2019 to 3.4 billion euro and
in 2020 to 2.7 billion euro. This development is mainly due to increased net imports of wood
products including furniture and decreasing net exports of printed matter, while paper prod-
ucts still show roughly constant net exports in quantity and value.
3.5 Sawnwood (softwood/hardwood)
In 2020, about 18,866 people were employed in the German sawmilling industry (+0.5 %
against 2019). The total turnover amounted to 6.5 billion euro (+4.0 % against previous the
year). With an export quota of 32.5 %, the export turnover amounted to 2.1 billion euro.
24
Compared with 2019, the entire export turnover increased by 5.9 % (companies with 20 and
more employed persons)20.
With about 25.2 million m3, the domestic production of sawn softwood (coniferous) increased
by 9.9 % in 2020 compared with 2019. The apparent consumption of coniferous sawnwood
also increased to 20.6 million m³ (+6.6 % compared with 2019). German exports of sawn
softwood amounted to 9.6 million m³ and the imports to 5.0 million m³ in 2020. The annual
apparent consumption of sawn hardwood amounted to 0.7 million m³ and shows a decrease of
22.8 % compared to 2019. The domestic production also decreased significantly with about
20.8 % and is at a level of 1.0 million m3 of sawn hardwood.
In 2020, the Covid-19 pandemic led to a significant increase in domestic consumption of co-
niferous sawnwood. One reason was a still functioning construction sector and another reason
a stimulated demand in the DIY market as a lot of people stayed much longer at home, trav-
elled less and spent more money in renovation and similar activities. At the beginning of
2021, sawnwood demand exceeded supply while domestic sawmill industry continued to op-
erate at full capacity. During this period, high price levels indicated a shortage of sawnwood.
Recent market information suggest however, that the price rally stopped. Nevertheless, it’s
likely that future sawnwood prices will be slightly higher compared to past ones.
Questions? Please contact Alex McCusker at the above address or telephone +41 22 917 2880.
The historical data are from the most recent Joint Forest Sector Questionnaire (blank) or the Timber Forecast Questionnaire (#). For explanations please see cover letter.
Name of Official responsible for reply:
Official Address (in full): Thünen Institute
Holger Weimar
These data are flagged with E, R, N or C for secretariat estimate, repeat, national estimate or calculated totals (from subitems). If there is no flag, this indicates officially supplied
data.
2019
TF1
Leuschnerstr. 91, 21031 Hamburg/DE
2020
TIMBER FORECAST QUESTIONNAIRE
Roundwood
Historical data
Telephone:
Note:
Complete only if data
for 2020 have been
revised.
28
Country: Germany Date:
Fax:
E-mail:
Product Revised Estimate Forecast
Code Product Unit 2020 2021 2022
6.C SAWNWOOD, CONIFEROUS
Production 1000 m3 23.307 N 25.217 N 25.216 27.000 27.000
Questions? Please contact Alex McCusker at the above address or telephone +41 22 917 2880.
The historical data are from the most recent Joint Forest Sector Questionnaire (blank) or the Timber Forecast Questionnaire (#). For explanations please see cover letter.
Forest products
Name of Official responsible for reply:
Official Address (in full):
These data are flagged with E, R, N or C for secretariat estimate, repeat, national estimate or calculated totals (from subitems). If there is no flag, this indicates officially supplied
data.
2019 2020
Historical data
TF2
TIMBER FORECAST QUESTIONNAIRE Telephone:
Note:
Complete only if data
for 2020 have been
revised.
The Group of 7 nations (G7), six of which are UNECE member States (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, the UK and the US), took bold step towards reducing barriers to trade by agreeing on the principles to govern cross-border data use and digital trade. At their meeting in London on 22 October, ministers adopted the G7 Digital Trade Principles and stressed the importance of commonalities within standards while providing sufficient flexibility to pursue legitimate regulatory goals.
Group of Experts on drafting a new legal instrument
on the use of automated vehicles in traffic
First session
Geneva, 1 September 2021
Item 4 of the provisional agenda
Programme of Work
Joint position statement regarding the programme of work of the Group of Experts on drafting a new legal instrument on the use of automated vehicles in traffic
Submitted by the representatives of France and Germany
This document proposes discussion elements for the programme of work of the Group of Experts (GoE) on drafting a new Legal Instrument on the use of Automated Vehicles in traffic (LIAV), hereunder “the Group”.
1. Following the invitation to the first session of the GoE on LIAV by the secretariat, supported by documents ECE/TRANS/WP.1/GE.3/2021/1 (annotated provisional agenda), Annex III to ECE/TRANS/2021/6 (Terms of Reference (ToR) of the GoE on LIAV), ECE/EX/2/Rev.1 (Guidelines for the establishment and functioning of teams of specialists within UNECE) and ECE/TRANS/WP.1/100/Add. 1 (ToR of the Global Forum for Road Traffic Safety (WP.1)), France and Germany, with the present document, would like to share their views and, by doing so, open discussions of the above-mentioned agenda item 4 during this session.
2. Germany and France support the points listed hereafter:
- As established by the ToR, the main objective to be achieved is the drafting of a new legal instrument which is expected to complement the 1949 and 1968 Conventions on Road Traffic. In addition to the typical sections on definitions and final clauses, it will include a set of legal provisions for the safe deployment of automated vehicles in international traffic.
- In full compliance with the objectives of the Global Forum for Road Traffic Safety (WP.1), the Group should seek to promote road safety, in the context of the growing development of automated vehicles. In this matter, particular attention shall be paid to the safety of vulnerable road users.
- Developing and harmonizing international traffic regulations is crucial in order to support the safe, homogeneous, and consistent development of automated and autonomous vehicles in road traffic.
- The Group may usefully consider previous achievements of WP.1 as a basis of reference, including the Resolution on the deployment of highly and fully automated vehicles in road traffic (adopted at the seventy-seventh session of the WP.1 in September 2018).
- The Group will hold at least two formal plenary meetings per year at the UNECE premises in Geneva. The first meeting of the Group will include an initial section on official matters (Election of officers; Eventual complementary addition with reference to the Rules of procedure; etc.) but should then start working towards its main output.
- Considering that the subject of automated vehicles in traffic is still rather recent and constantly evolving, the Group may find it necessary to invite and listen to a wide range of qualified experts. The expertise of the colleagues at the World Forum for harmonization of vehicle regulations (WP.29), and in particular those at the Working Party on Automated/Autonomous and Connected Vehicles (GRVA), could notably help the Group with its tasks. Activities of the Group could include undertaking studies and advisory sessions; organizing seminars and workshops; collecting data; and providing information.
- The time schedule for the implementation of the Group’s objectives and activities shall initially include the full period for which it has been established. At the end of this period, the Group submits a full report on its accomplishments to its supervising body (i.e., the Global Forum for Road Traffic Safety), possibly including a request for extension of the duration of the Group.
- The baseline identified for the Group is a thorough analysis of the 1949 and 1968 Conventions on Road Traffic, aimed at identifying how the new legal instrument can complement in the best possible way the aforementioned Conventions without restricting the current margin of manoeuvre of Contracting Parties.
- The milestones of the Group should include, amongst others, the following:
(a) The successful completion of its establishment by electing its officers, and by eventually complementing documents ECE/EX/2/Rev.1 and TRANS/WP1/100/Add.1 by a further set of rules of procedures;
(b) The successful completion of the aforementioned analysis of the 1949 and 1968 Conventions on Road Traffic;
(c) The drafting of an initial set of necessary legal provisions for the safe deployment of automated vehicles in international traffic;
(d) Periodical consultations with the Global Forum for Road Traffic Safety (WP.1), not fewer than two per year (coinciding with the regular WP.1 sessions);
(e) At the end of the period for which it has been established, the submission of a full report on its accomplishments to the supervising body.
3. France and Germany conclude that a legal instrument on the use of automated vehicles in traffic shall complement in the best possible way the 1949 and 1968 Conventions on Road Traffic, in order to support the safe, homogeneous, and consistent development of automated vehicles in road traffic, without restricting the current margin of manoeuvre of Contracting Parties.
2
3
Economic Commission for Europe
Inland Transport Committee
Global Forum for Road Traffic Safety
Group of Experts on drafting a new legal instrument
on the use of automated vehicles in traffic
First session
Geneva, 1 September 2021
Item 4 of the provisional agenda
Programme of Work
Joint position statement regarding the programme of work of
the Group of Experts on drafting a new legal instrument on
the use of automated vehicles in traffic
Submitted by the representatives of France and Germany
This document proposes discussion elements for the programme of work of the Group
of Experts (GoE) on drafting a new Legal Instrument on the use of Automated Vehicles in
traffic (LIAV), hereunder “the Group”.
Informal document No. 1 (GE.3-01-01)
Distr.: General
27 August 2021
Original: English
Informal document No. 6
2
1. Following the invitation to the first session of the GoE on LIAV by the secretariat,
supported by documents ECE/TRANS/WP.1/GE.3/2021/1 (annotated provisional agenda),
Annex III to ECE/TRANS/2021/6 (Terms of Reference (ToR) of the GoE on LIAV),
ECE/EX/2/Rev.1 (Guidelines for the establishment and functioning of teams of specialists
within UNECE) and ECE/TRANS/WP.1/100/Add. 1 (ToR of the Global Forum for Road
Traffic Safety (WP.1)), France and Germany, with the present document, would like to share
their views and, by doing so, open discussions of the above-mentioned agenda item 4 during
this session.
2. Germany and France support the points listed hereafter:
- As established by the ToR, the main objective to be achieved is the drafting of a new
legal instrument which is expected to complement the 1949 and 1968 Conventions on Road
Traffic. In addition to the typical sections on definitions and final clauses, it will include a
set of legal provisions for the safe deployment of automated vehicles in international traffic.
- In full compliance with the objectives of the Global Forum for Road Traffic Safety
(WP.1), the Group should seek to promote road safety, in the context of the growing
development of automated vehicles. In this matter, particular attention shall be paid to the
safety of vulnerable road users.
- Developing and harmonizing international traffic regulations is crucial in order to
support the safe, homogeneous, and consistent development of automated and autonomous
vehicles in road traffic.
- The Group may usefully consider previous achievements of WP.1 as a basis of
reference, including the Resolution on the deployment of highly and fully automated vehicles
in road traffic (adopted at the seventy-seventh session of the WP.1 in September 2018).
- The Group will hold at least two formal plenary meetings per year at the UNECE
premises in Geneva. The first meeting of the Group will include an initial section on official
matters (Election of officers; Eventual complementary addition with reference to the Rules
of procedure; etc.) but should then start working towards its main output.
- Considering that the subject of automated vehicles in traffic is still rather recent and
constantly evolving, the Group may find it necessary to invite and listen to a wide range of
qualified experts. The expertise of the colleagues at the World Forum for harmonization of
vehicle regulations (WP.29), and in particular those at the Working Party on
Automated/Autonomous and Connected Vehicles (GRVA), could notably help the Group
with its tasks. Activities of the Group could include undertaking studies and advisory
sessions; organizing seminars and workshops; collecting data; and providing information.
- The time schedule for the implementation of the Group’s objectives and activities
shall initially include the full period for which it has been established. At the end of this
period, the Group submits a full report on its accomplishments to its supervising body (i.e.,
the Global Forum for Road Traffic Safety), possibly including a request for extension of the
duration of the Group.
- The baseline identified for the Group is a thorough analysis of the 1949 and 1968
Conventions on Road Traffic, aimed at identifying how the new legal instrument can
complement in the best possible way the aforementioned Conventions without restricting the
current margin of manoeuvre of Contracting Parties.
- The milestones of the Group should include, amongst others, the following:
(a) The successful completion of its establishment by electing its officers, and by
eventually complementing documents ECE/EX/2/Rev.1 and TRANS/WP1/100/Add.1 by a
further set of rules of procedures;
(b) The successful completion of the aforementioned analysis of the 1949 and 1968
Conventions on Road Traffic;
(c) The drafting of an initial set of necessary legal provisions for the safe deployment of
automated vehicles in international traffic;
Informal document No. 61
3
(d) Periodical consultations with the Global Forum for Road Traffic Safety (WP.1), not
fewer than two per year (coinciding with the regular WP.1 sessions);
(e) At the end of the period for which it has been established, the submission of a full
report on its accomplishments to the supervising body.
3. France and Germany conclude that a legal instrument on the use of automated vehicles
in traffic shall complement in the best possible way the 1949 and 1968 Conventions on Road
Traffic, in order to support the safe, homogeneous, and consistent development of automated
vehicles in road traffic, without restricting the current margin of manoeuvre of Contracting
Parties.
On 27 July 2021 around 9:40 am, a major explosion at the 480 hectare Chempark in Leverkusen, Germany, shocked the local population within a radius of 40km who heard and felt the detonation – and even beyond that, as the toxic plume was still visible in Dortmund, nearly 80 km away. The explosion killed 5 employees and injured 31 workers, with two persons still being missing. Due to the possible release of dioxins many were reminded of the Seveso accident of 1976 in Italy.
Submitted by the experts of Germany Informal documentGRVA-10-08
10th GRVA, 25-28 May 2021
Provisional agenda item 8(c)
GRVA-10-08
Proposal to amend UN Regulation No. 13 (Heavy vehicle braking)
Amendments to GRVA-09-04
Modifications to UNRegulation No. 13 (as proposed in document GRVA-09-04) are marked in bold. New amendments in this proposal are marked in red bold for new or in red strikethrough for deleted characters.
I. Proposal
Paragraph 5.1.2.3., amend to read:
5.1.2.3. Parking braking system
The parking braking system shall make it possible to hold the vehicle stationary on an up or down gradient even in the absence of the driver, the working parts being then held in the locked position by a purely mechanical device. The driver shall be able to achieve this braking action from his driving seat, subject, in the case of a trailer, to the provisions of paragraph 5.2.2.10. of this Regulation.
If the vehicle is equipped with an electrical(ly) controlled parking braking system the parking brake shall be activated at least when the engine has stopped by turning the ignition (start) switch to the “off” position, for vehicle category N and M.
Additionally, for vehicles of category N, the parking brake shall be also activated, if the driver is deemed to leave the cabin without proper activation of the parking brake.
The purpose to leave the cabin may be confirmed, e.g. by opening of the door on driver side whilst the vehicle is stationary or by leaving the seat.
The automatic activation of the parking brake may be suppressed by the driver with a dedicated action (e.g. by pedal actuation or by a switch)
or during maintenance operations.
The trailer air brake and the parking braking system of the towing vehicle may be operated simultaneously provided that the driver is able to check, at any time, that the parking brake performance of the vehicle combination, obtained by the purely mechanical action of the parking braking system, is sufficient.
5.2.1.26. Special additional requirements for the electric transmission of the parking braking system
Paragraph 5.2.1.26.4., amend to read:
5.2.1.26.4. After the ignition/start switch which controls the electrical energy for the braking equipment has been switched off and/or the key removed,
it shall remain possible to apply
the parking braking system shall be automatically applied at least when the vehicle is detected to be stationary
, whereas releasing shall be prevented.
Additionally, the parking brake shall be automatically applied once the driver is deemed to leave the driving seat (e.g. via a detection of door opening, unfastening of seat belt) at least when the vehicle is detected to be stationary. Alternatively, for vehicles of category M, the parking brake shall be automatically applied when the vehicle is detected to be stationary with no input to any control by the driver nor any brakes applied for a time greater than 30 seconds.
However, the automatic application of the parking braking system may be suppressed by the driver (e.g. during maintenance operation, manoeuvring situations, to avoid park brake freezing in winter conditions) with a dedicated action (e.g. by pedal actuation, a switch). In that case, it shall remain possible to apply the parking braking system, whereas releasing shall be prevented.
However,
The parking braking system may also be released when this action is part of an operation of a remote control system fulfilling the technical requirements of an ACSF of Category A as specified in the 02 series of amendments to UN Regulation No. 79 or later series of amendments.
Paragraph 12, amend to read:
12. Transitional provisions
12.1. As from the official date of entry into force of the 12 series of amendments, no Contracting Party applying this Regulation shall refuse to grant or refuse to accept type approvals under this Regulation as amended by the 12 series of amendments.
12.2. As from [1 September 2024], Contracting Parties applying this Regulation shall not be obliged to accept type approvals to the preceding series of amendments, first issued after [1 September 2024].
12.3. Until [1 September 2026], Contracting Parties applying this Regulation shall accept type approvals to the preceding series of amendments, first issued before [1 September 2024].
12.4. As from [1 September 2026], Contracting Parties applying this Regulation shall not be obliged to accept type approvals issued to the preceding series of amendments to this Regulation.
12.5. Notwithstanding paragraph 12.4, Contracting Parties applying this Regulation shall continue to accept type approvals issued according to the preceding series of amendments to this Regulation, for the vehicles which are not affected by the changes introduced by the 12 series of amendment.
12.6. Contracting Parties applying this Regulation may grant type approvals according to any preceding series of amendments to this Regulation.
12.7. Contracting Parties applying this Regulation shall continue to grant extensions of existing approvals to any preceding series of amendments to this Regulation.”
Annex 4, paragraph 2.3, amend to read:
2.3. Parking braking system
2.3.1. The parking braking system shall, even if it is combined with one of the other braking systems, be capable of holding the laden vehicle stationary on an 18 per cent up or down-gradient.
2.3.2. On vehicles to which the coupling of a trailer is authorized, the parking braking system of the towing vehicle shall be capable of holding the combination of vehicles stationary on a 12 per cent up or down-gradient.
2.3.3. If the control is manual, the force applied to it shall not exceed 60 daN.
2.3.4. If it is a foot control, the force exerted on the control shall not exceed 70 daN.
2.3.5. A parking braking system which has to be actuated several times before it attains the prescribed performance is admissible.
2.3.6. To check compliance with the requirement specified in paragraph 5.2.1.2.4. of this Regulation, a Type-0 test shall be carried out with the engine disconnected at an initial test speed of 30 km/h. The mean fully developed deceleration on application of the control of the parking brake system and the deceleration immediately before the vehicle stops shall not be less than 1.5 m/s2. The test shall be carried out with the laden vehicle. The force exerted on the braking control device shall not exceed the specified values.
2.3.7. To check the compliance with the requirements specified in paragraph 5.1.2.3 5.2.1.26.4. of this Regulation, the automatic activation of the parking brake shall be checked by stopping the engine and additionally by leaving the cabin against the declared activation criteria and/or for vehicles of category M by not operating any controls nor any brakes for a duration of at least 30 s turning the ignition (start) switch to the “off” position and/or additionally, for vehicles of category N, by leaving the cabin, if the vehicle is equipped with a electrical(ly) controlled parking braking system.
II. Justification
1. Paragraph 5.1.2.3. is dedicated to general requirements. Detailed technical requirements dedicated to the electric transmission of the parking braking system should be part of paragraph 5.2.1.26. Additionally, an “electrically controlled parking braking system” is not defined in UN Regulation No. 13. Moving the requirements to paragraph 5.2.1.26 would solve that issue.
2. To take into account the situation of vehicles of Category M, where the driver not being in the driver seat is a greater safety problem then the driver leaving the cabin, those vehicles shall activate the electric parking brake when the vehicle is stationery and either no input to the controls is observed nor any brake is operated for at least 30 seconds.
1
Submitted by the experts of Germany Informal document GRVA-10-08
10th GRVA, 25-28 May 2021
Provisional agenda item 8(c)
Proposal to amend UN Regulation No. 13 (Heavy vehicle braking)
Amendments to GRVA-09-04
Modifications to UN Regulation No. 13 (as proposed in document GRVA-09-04) are
marked in bold. New amendments in this proposal are marked in red bold for new or in red
strikethrough for deleted characters.
I. Proposal
Paragraph 5.1.2.3., amend to read:
5.1.2.3. Parking braking system
The parking braking system shall make it possible to hold the vehicle
stationary on an up or down gradient even in the absence of the driver, the
working parts being then held in the locked position by a purely mechanical
device. The driver shall be able to achieve this braking action from his
driving seat, subject, in the case of a trailer, to the provisions of paragraph
5.2.2.10. of this Regulation.
If the vehicle is equipped with an electrical(ly) controlled parking
braking system the parking brake shall be activated at least when the
engine has stopped by turning the ignition (start) switch to the “off”
position, for vehicle category N and M.
Additionally, for vehicles of category N, the parking brake shall be also
activated, if the driver is deemed to leave the cabin without proper
activation of the parking brake.
The purpose to leave the cabin may be confirmed, e.g. by opening of the
door on driver side whilst the vehicle is stationary or by leaving the seat.
The automatic activation of the parking brake may be suppressed by the
driver with a dedicated action (e.g. by pedal actuation or by a switch) or
during maintenance operations.
The trailer air brake and the parking braking system of the towing vehicle
may be operated simultaneously provided that the driver is able to check, at
any time, that the parking brake performance of the vehicle combination,
obtained by the purely mechanical action of the parking braking system, is
sufficient.
5.2.1.26. Special additional requirements for the electric transmission of the parking
braking system
Paragraph 5.2.1.26.4., amend to read:
5.2.1.26.4. After the ignition/start switch which controls the electrical energy for the
braking equipment has been switched off and/or the key removed, it shall
remain possible to apply the parking braking system shall be automatically
applied at least when the vehicle is detected to be stationary, whereas
releasing shall be prevented.
Additionally, the parking brake shall be automatically applied once the
driver is deemed to leave the driving seat (e.g. via a detection of door
opening, unfastening of seat belt) at least when the vehicle is detected to
be stationary. Alternatively, for vehicles of category M, the parking
brake shall be automatically applied when the vehicle is detected to be
GRVA-10-08
stationary with no input to any control by the driver nor any brakes
applied for a time greater than 30 seconds.
However, the automatic application of the parking braking system may
be suppressed by the driver (e.g. during maintenance operation,
manoeuvring situations, to avoid park brake freezing in winter
conditions) with a dedicated action (e.g. by pedal actuation, a switch). In
that case, it shall remain possible to apply the parking braking system,
whereas releasing shall be prevented.
However, The parking braking system may also be released when this action
is part of an operation of a remote control system fulfilling the technical
requirements of an ACSF of Category A as specified in the 02 series of
amendments to UN Regulation No. 79 or later series of amendments.
Paragraph 12, amend to read:
12. Transitional provisions
12.1. As from the official date of entry into force of the 12 series of
amendments, no Contracting Party applying this Regulation shall refuse
to grant or refuse to accept type approvals under this Regulation as
amended by the 12 series of amendments.
12.2. As from [1 September 2024], Contracting Parties applying this
Regulation shall not be obliged to accept type approvals to the preceding
series of amendments, first issued after [1 September 2024].
12.3. Until [1 September 2026], Contracting Parties applying this Regulation
shall accept type approvals to the preceding series of amendments, first
issued before [1 September 2024].
12.4. As from [1 September 2026], Contracting Parties applying this
Regulation shall not be obliged to accept type approvals issued to the
preceding series of amendments to this Regulation.
12.5. Notwithstanding paragraph 12.4, Contracting Parties applying this
Regulation shall continue to accept type approvals issued according to
the preceding series of amendments to this Regulation, for the vehicles
which are not affected by the changes introduced by the 12 series of
amendment.
12.6. Contracting Parties applying this Regulation may grant type approvals
according to any preceding series of amendments to this Regulation.
12.7. Contracting Parties applying this Regulation shall continue to grant
extensions of existing approvals to any preceding series of amendments
to this Regulation.”
Annex 4, paragraph 2.3, amend to read:
2.3. Parking braking system
2.3.1. The parking braking system shall, even if it is combined with one of the other
braking systems, be capable of holding the laden vehicle stationary on an 18
per cent up or down-gradient.
2.3.2. On vehicles to which the coupling of a trailer is authorized, the parking
braking system of the towing vehicle shall be capable of holding the
combination of vehicles stationary on a 12 per cent up or down-gradient.
2.3.3. If the control is manual, the force applied to it shall not exceed 60 daN.
2.3.4. If it is a foot control, the force exerted on the control shall not exceed 70 daN.
2.3.5. A parking braking system which has to be actuated several times before it
attains the prescribed performance is admissible.
3
2.3.6. To check compliance with the requirement specified in paragraph 5.2.1.2.4.
of this Regulation, a Type-0 test shall be carried out with the engine
disconnected at an initial test speed of 30 km/h. The mean fully developed
deceleration on application of the control of the parking brake system and the
deceleration immediately before the vehicle stops shall not be less than 1.5
m/s2. The test shall be carried out with the laden vehicle. The force exerted
on the braking control device shall not exceed the specified values.
2.3.7. To check the compliance with the requirements specified in paragraph
5.1.2.3 5.2.1.26.4. of this Regulation, the automatic activation of the
parking brake shall be checked by stopping the engine and additionally
by leaving the cabin against the declared activation criteria and/or for
vehicles of category M by not operating any controls nor any brakes for
a duration of at least 30 s turning the ignition (start) switch to the “off”
position and/or additionally, for vehicles of category N, by leaving the
cabin, if the vehicle is equipped with a electrical(ly) controlled parking
braking system.
II. Justification
1. Paragraph 5.1.2.3. is dedicated to general requirements. Detailed technical
requirements dedicated to the electric transmission of the parking braking system should be
part of paragraph 5.2.1.26. Additionally, an “electrically controlled parking braking
system” is not defined in UN Regulation No. 13. Moving the requirements to paragraph
5.2.1.26 would solve that issue.
2. To take into account the situation of vehicles of Category M, where the driver not
being in the driver seat is a greater safety problem then the driver leaving the cabin, those
vehicles shall activate the electric parking brake when the vehicle is stationery and either no
input to the controls is observed nor any brake is operated for at least 30 seconds.
The study on access to justice in information cases has been prepared and discussed under auspices of the Task Force on Access to Justice under the UNECE Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters (the Aarhus Convention).
Languages and translations
English
1
Jan Darpö
Chair of the Task Force on Access to Justice under the Aarhus Convention
Contacts: e-mail [email protected]
*******
2021-02-28
This document is a report by Professor Jan Darpö, Uppsala Universitet, the Chair of the
Task Force on Access to Justice under the Aarhus Convention. Viewpoints expressed in the
report belong to the author; the same can be said about shortcomings and errors in the text,
the responsibility rests solely on him.
Access to Justice in Information Cases
Table of contents
1.1 The study and the synthesis report ......................................................................................................... 2
1.2 Article 9.1 of the Aarhus Convention in text and practice ....................................................................... 4
Article 9.1 first sentence ............................................................................................................................................. 4
Article 9.1 second sentence ........................................................................................................................................ 6
Article 9.1 third sentence ........................................................................................................................................... 8
2. QUESTIONS CONCERNING ACCESS TO JUSTICE IN CASES ON THE RIGHT TO ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION: ........................... 9
3. REMARKS AND DISCUSSION .................................................................................................................................. 17
Introduction .............................................................................................................................................................. 17
Unproblematic issues ............................................................................................................................................... 17
Barriers and challenges ............................................................................................................................................ 18
Good examples and interesting features in the studied Parties ............................................................................... 19
1.1 The study and the synthesis report
The Task Force on Access to Justice has a role to play as a platform for studies and meetings
where all aspects of the third pillar of the Aarhus Convention can be discussed. This role as a
mere facilitator for a wider debate without any formal significance is in fact the strength of
this body under the Convention. Under those terms, the Task Force was mandated by the
sixth session of the Meeting of the Parties to the Aarhus Convention in Budva (Montenegro)
in 2017 to launch a study concerning access to justice in information cases according to Arti-
cles 4, 9.1 and 9.4 of the Convention. Thus, the study deals with procedural issues concerning
requests for environmental information and the possibilities open for members of the public to
have the decision-making of the authorities and other public bodies holding such information
challenged by way of administrative appeal and judicial review in a court of law.
The relevant sections of Article 4 are the following (emphasis added):
1. Each Party shall ensure that, subject to the following paragraphs of this article, public
authorities, in response to a request for environmental information, make such infor-
mation available to the public, within the framework of national legislation, including,
where requested and subject to subparagraph (b) below, copies of the actual documenta-
tion containing or comprising such information:
(a) Without an interest having to be stated;
(b) In the form requested unless:
(i) It is reasonable for the public authority to make it available in another form, in which
case reasons shall be given for making it available in that form; or
(ii) The information is already publicly available in another form.
2. The environmental information referred to in paragraph 1 above shall be made availa-
ble as soon as possible and at the latest within one month after the request has been sub-
mitted, unless the volume and the complexity of the information justify an extension of
this period up to two months after the request. The applicant shall be informed of any ex-
tension and of the reasons justifying it.
3. (…)
4. (…)
5. Where a public authority does not hold the environmental information requested, this
public authority shall, as promptly as possible, inform the applicant of the public authori-
ty to which it believes it is possible to apply for the information requested or transfer the
request to that authority and inform the applicant accordingly.
6. (…)
7. A refusal of a request shall be in writing if the request was in writing or the applicant
so requests. A refusal shall state the reasons for the refusal and give information on ac-
cess to the review procedure provided for in accordance with article 9. The refusal shall
be made as soon as possible and at the latest within one month, unless the complexity of
3
the information justifies an extension of this period up to two months after the request.
The applicant shall be informed of any extension and of the reasons justifying it.
8. Each Party may allow its public authorities to make a charge for supplying information,
but such charge shall not exceed a reasonable amount. Public authorities intending to
make such a charge for supplying information shall make available to applicants a sched-
ule of charges which may be levied, indicating the circumstances in which they may be
levied or waived and when the supply of information is conditional on the advance pay-
ment of such a charge.
Article 9.1 states as follows (emphasis added):
1. Each Party shall, within the framework of its national legislation, ensure that any per-
son who considers that his or her request for information under article 4 has been ignored,
wrongfully refused, whether in part or in full, inadequately answered, or otherwise not
dealt with in accordance with the provisions of that article, has access to a review proce-
dure before a court of law or another independent and impartial body established by law.
In the circumstances where a Party provides for such a review by a court of law, it shall
ensure that such a person also has access to an expeditious procedure established by law
that is free of charge or inexpensive for reconsideration by a public authority or review
by an independent and impartial body other than a court of law.
Final decisions under this paragraph 1 shall be binding on the public authority holding the
information. Reasons shall be stated in writing, at least where access to information is re-
fused under this paragraph.
Further, Article 9.4 puts additional requirements on the access to justice possibilities under
Article 9.1, namely (emphasis added):
4. In addition and without prejudice to paragraph 1 above, the procedures referred to in
paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 above shall provide adequate and effective remedies, including in-
junctive relief as appropriate, and be fair, equitable, timely and not prohibitively expen-
sive. Decisions under this article shall be given or recorded in writing. Decisions of
courts, and whenever possible of other bodies, shall be publicly accessible.
For this study, a draft questionnaire was discussed by the Task Force on its 11th meeting in
Geneva in February 2018. The questionnaire deals with procedural matters concerning re-
quests for and review of environmental information relating to both Article 4 and Article 9.1.
After the 11th meeting of the Task Force, the questionnaire was concluded and distributed by
the secretariat to a number of key institutions, experts and non-governmental organizations
from 13 Parties to the Convention in the spring of 2018 as suggested by their national focal
points. The aim was to cover a limited number of Parties, representing the different Parties
and sub-regions, including: (a) the European Union (EU) together with six of its Member
States, namely Germany (DE), Ireland (IE), Portugal (PT), Slovakia (SK), Malta (MT), and
Sweden (SE); (b) Switzerland (CH); (c) Serbia (RS) and Montenegro (ME) from South-
Eastern Europe; (d) the Republic of Moldova (MD) from Eastern Europe; (e) Georgia (GE)
from the Caucasus and (f) Kazakhstan (KZ) from Central Asia. The institutions which were
addressed included relevant ministries, administrative authorities, specialized bodies such as
the Parliamentary Ombudsman and Information Commissioner, national courts, public stake-
holders and their organisations (ENGOs) and academia. During the fall of 2018, we received
4
completed questionnaires from 12 out of the 13 Parties.1 Of course, the responses vary in cov-
erage and quality. This is mainly due to the number of responses from each Party, ranging
from 4 (SE), 3 (IE, RS and SK), 2 (EU, GE, KZ and PT) and down to 1 (DE, MD, ME and
CH). The quality of the answers from a studied Party improves noticeable when there are
many respondents from a variety of actors dealing with environmental information matters.
The first draft of this report was initially set up to summarize the responses given in order to
provide a platform for discussion on the 12th meeting of the Task Force on Access to Justice
(Geneva, 28 February – 1 March 2019). Thereafter, comments made during that meeting were
incorporated in the report, as well as those submitted to the secretariat during the following
months. The report was then discussed at the Bureau meetings in June and September 2019,
after which the report was updated and communicated once more with the National Focal
Points and other stakeholders to the Convention in the beginning of 2020.2 After this round of
communications, further corrections, clarifications and amendments have been made. It must
be noted, however, that owing to the conflicting nature of several comments, it has not been
possible to reflect all of them in the text. Instead, I have tried to clearly state where differing
opinions have been reported on a certain issue, giving a general picture of the arguments used.
Careful consideration has also been given to meeting the different needs of Parties’ in terms
of comprehensiveness and the degree of detail, bearing in mind the various levels of and ap-
proaches to implementation of the Convention’s provisions on access to justice in information
cases. The progress in preparing the report was presented at the online information sessions of
the twenty fourth meeting of the Working Group of the Parties in July 2020. After the meet-
ing, we received some further comments on the representation of the responses in the study,
as well as the level of detail on controversial issues. The final text of the report was discussed
and finalized on the 13th meeting of the Task Force on Access to Justice (hybrid, Geneva, 15-
16 February 2021).3
The report is structured as follows. In addition to this introduction and the laying out of the
legal context in Article 9.1 (part 1), it contains a summary of the responses under each of the
twelve questions posed (part 2). Thereafter I make a couple of remarks in a concluding sec-
tion about good examples, main barriers and discussion points on access to justice in infor-
mation cases (part 3).
Finally, the viewpoints expressed in the report belong to the author only. The same can be
said about shortcomings and errors in the text, the responsibility rests solely on me.
1.2 Article 9.1 of the Aarhus Convention in text and practice
Article 9.1 first sentence
The study has triggered a couple of questions concerning the implementing of Article 9.1 of
the Convention that can usefully be highlighted already in the beginning. The aim here is,
however, not to give clear answers to the issues raised, but rather to provide a platform for
1 The responses received are available from https://unece.org/environment-policy/public-participation/aarhus-
convention/analytical-study-ajai-surveyresponses
2 The comments received are available from https://unece.org/environment-policy/public-participation/aarhus-
convention/analytical-study-ajai-commentsreceived
3 See https://unece.org/environmental-policy/events/thirteenth-meeting-task-force-access-justice-under-aarhus-
convention
further discussion. As with the previous studies performed by the Task Force on Access to
Justice, ambiguities in the text of the Convention will be pointed at, along with ongoing is-
sues, and conclusions will be drawn from existing legal sources using a traditional method of
law. The responsibility for resolving any issues raised obviously lies in the hands of other
bodies, namely the Compliance Committee and the Meeting of the Parties to the Convention.
As noted in the beginning of this report, the first sentence of Article 9.1 requires Parties to the
Convention to provide the person requesting environmental information with recourse to chal-
lenge the authority’s decision on the matter in a court of law or another independent and im-
partial body established by law. The same expression can be found in Article 9.2 of the Con-
vention and is reflected in the EU’s implementation legislation on Article 9.1, namely Article
6 of the Environmental Information Directive (2003/4, EID4). It is widely believed that this
expression equates to “any court or tribunal” in Article 267 TFEU, as well as “an independent
and impartial tribunal established by law” in Article 6 European Convention of Human Rights
and Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR), requiring a fair trial.5 It also goes without saying that
these expressions are “autonomous”, meaning that the national label on the reviewing body is
of no importance when evaluating its independence and impartiality.6 As a consequence, the
first sentence of Article 9.1 calls for a review mechanism performed by such a body, irrespec-
tive of how it is named in the national legal system.
Furthermore, Article 9.1 requires that any person has access to a court or tribunal in order to
challenge a refusal on a request for environmental information. To date, the Compliance
Committee has found non-compliance under Article 9.1 concerning who entitled to make such
a request in only one case and that was the early communication ACCC/C/2004/1.7 This gen-
eral picture is confirmed in the present study as there are no issues reported concerning appli-
cants for environmental information in this respect. In fact, as all members of the public irre-
spective of nationality, residence or other belonging are allowed to make such a request with-
out stating an interest, one may note that “standing” according to Article 9.1 is very different
from standing in a more traditional sense, meaning the delimitation of those who are con-
cerned by a decision or omission. This distinction is reflected in the two definitions of the
concepts “the public” and “the public concerned” in Article 2.4 and Article 2.5 respectively.
Thus, when Article 4 refers to “the public”, this means that all natural or legal persons and
4 Directive 2003/4/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 28 January 2003 on public access to
environmental information and repealing Council Directive 90/313/EEC.
5 See for example The Aarhus Convention – An Implementation Guide, UNECE 2nd ed. 2014 (cit. “Implementa-
tion Guide 2014”) at page 189.
6 For a discussion about the meaning of the expression court of law or another independent and impartial body
established by law, see the Implementation Guide 2014, at pages 188-189, also Darpö, J: Environmental Justice
through the Courts. From Environmental Law and Justice in Context (Eds. Ebbesson & Okowa). Cambridge
University Press 2009, p. 176-194.
7 Findings of the Aarhus Convention Compliance Committee on communications ACCC/C/2004/1 (Kazakhstan)
(ECE/MP.PP/C.1/2005/2/Add.1), ACCC/C/2008/30 (Republic of Moldova) (ECE/MP.PP/C.1/2009/6/Add.3),
ACCC/C/2012/69 (Romania) (ECE/MP.PP/C.1/2015/10) and ACCC/C/2013/93 (Norway)
(ECE/MP.PP/C.1/2017/16) seem to be the most important cases on access to environmental information, howev-
er mostly dealing with the definition of environmental information, grounds for refusal, timeliness and weak
enforcement. The documents and other information are available at:
https://unece.org/env/pp/cc/communications-from-the-public
their associations, organisations and groups have the right to make a request for environmen-
tal information.8
Although not explicitly stated in the first sentence of Article 9.1, the review required here
covers both procedural and substantive issues under Article 4.9 As one cannot really draw a
clear distinction between the two aspects, it is hard to imagine what a review covering only
one of them would actually look like. Although this issue has not really been examined by the
Compliance Committee, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) confirmed in
case C-71/14 East Sussex (2015) – which concerned the requirements for access to environ-
mental information according to the EID (2003/4) – that judicial procedures in the Member
States must enable the national court “to apply effectively the relevant principles and rules of
EU law when reviewing the lawfulness” of an administrative decision to deny such access.10
Although this court has no direct competence to interpret the Aarhus Convention, its case-law
on the implementation in the Member States provides us with “state practice” concerning the
obligations therein.11
Article 9.1 second sentence
According to the second sentence of Article 9.1 of the Aarhus Convention, if the review under
the first sentence of Article 9.1 is provided by a court of law, the unsuccessful applicant shall
also have access to an expeditious procedure for reconsidering by a public authority or review
by an independent and impartial body other than a court of law. The understanding of what
body and in what way the alternative procedure shall be performed is thus of importance here.
According to the text, it shall either consist of “reconsideration by a public authority” or a
“review by an independent and impartial body other than a court of law”. This issue was
touched upon in communication ACCC/C/2013/93, where the Compliance Committee stated
in its findings:
The Committee considers that, under the legal framework of the Party concerned, the Par-
liamentary Ombudsman is an inexpensive, independent and impartial body established by
law through which members of the public can request review of an information request
made under article 4 of the Convention. The Committee therefore finds that the Parlia-
mentary Ombudsman of the Party concerned constitutes a review procedure within the
scope of the second sentence of article 9, paragraph 1, of the Convention. 12
Here, it can be noted that the recommendations by the Parliamentary Ombudsman are not
binding, although normally respected by the authorities. In communication ACCC/C/2013/93,
the time taken for the Ombudsman’s review was at issue. When deciding this, the Compliance
Committee applied both the requirement for expediency in the second sentence of Article 9.1
and the general timeliness criterion in Article 9.4. All in all, the time span between the request
to the Ombudsman for review of the Government’s refusal to disclose the information and the
8 The Implementation Guide 2014 at page 191.
9 The Implementation Guide 2014 at page 191.
10 C-71/14 East Sussex (2015) para 58.
11 Article 31(3)(b) of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT), see Wouters, J & Ryngaert, C &
Ruys, T & De Baere, G: International law – A European perspective. Hart Publishing 2018, pp. 100-103.
12 Findings of the Aarhus Convention Compliance Committee on communication ACCC/C/2013/93 (Norway)
(ECE/MP.PP/C.1/2017/16), para 86.
7
final recommendation was two and a half years, which was found to be in breach of those
requirements. In finding this, the Committee particularly noted that “nowhere in the documen-
tation before it does the Ombudsman appear to have instructed the Ministry to respond within
a certain time or even to request it to reply in a timely or expeditious manner”.13 However,
while finding that the Party concerned had failed with the requirements to be expeditious and
timely, the Committee did not make recommendations to the Party concerned, as there was no
evidence that the non-compliance was due to a systematic error. 14 Even so, based on findings
on communication ACCC/C/2013/93, a reasonable conclusion is that an Ombudsman institu-
tion can be accepted as a review mechanism under the second sentence of Article 9.1.
The rationale for the Committee’s standpoint seems to be that as long as the Party provides
the appellant with the possibility of appealing to a court or tribunal, the expeditious procedure
according to the second sentence of Article 9.1 may well be performed by an independent
body issuing recommendations. This reasoning is also in line with the fact that according to
the text in this provision, it alternatively suffices for the Parties to provide the information
seeking public with access to administrative reconsideration to meet the demand for an expe-
ditious procedure. Such a procedure within the administration exists in many countries and is
today recognised as “good governance” in administrative law. It may be undertaken by a
higher level within the hierarchy of that authority or even by a special organ created for this
purpose, but it is always done “within the administration”. A certain demand for objectivity
can be retrieved from the fact that Article 9.4 also applies to these alternative procedures.
How far this will be drawn cannot be foreseen, as the Compliance Committee in findings on
communication ACCC/C/2013/93 only elaborated on some of the criteria therein (timeliness),
but not all (injunctive relief).
Against this background, it is somewhat surprising that the Implementation Guide 2014 seems
to understand that the independence and impartiality requirement in the second sentence of
Article 9.1 applies to both administrative reconsideration and review procedures. Under the
headline “Alternative to court review”, it is said that the additional review process can take
several forms, including reconsideration by the public authority or review by an independent
and impartial body other than a court of law. Thereafter, it is stated (emphasis added):15
Many ECE countries have some kind of general administrative reconsideration or appeals
process for governmental decisions. This administrative process often functions more rap-
idly than an appeal to a court and is often free of charge. Applied to review of requests for
information, so long as the body is independent and impartial and established by law,
such a process could satisfy the requirements of the Convention.
This statement in the Implementation Guide is not compatible with a straight-forward reading
of the text in Article 9.1, or in line with any findings of the Compliance Committee. Instead, a
reasonable conclusion is that it suffices for the Parties to have a system where the authorities’
decision to refuse the disclosure of environmental information is reconsidered within the ad-
ministration, however under the condition that that procedure meets the Article 9.4 require-
ments. Thereafter the discontented applicant must be able to rely on the possibility to go to
court.
13 Ibid. paras. 89.
14 Ibid. paras. 87-92.
15 The Implementation Guide 2014 at page 192.
8
Article 9.1 third sentence
In the third sentence of Article 9.1, it says that final decisions under Article 9.1 shall be bind-
ing on the public authority holding the information. This raises the question if all kinds of
decisions can be characterised as “final” as soon as the deadline for appeal has expired, irre-
spective of whether it is an administrative decision or a court judgment. According to the text
in the third sentence, the binding requirement applies to all final decisions under Article 9.1,
even those which result from a reconsideration procedure within the administration or a re-
view by an independent body outside that administration. Thus, the wording indicates that it
does not matter which body took the decision, and when, as all final decisions according to
the established definition above must be binding on the authority. This is also how administra-
tive reconsideration processes normally function, as the second decision replaces the first one
from the information holding authority.
However, such a viewpoint does not seem to follow the Compliance Committee’s findings on
communication ACCC/C/2013/93, as recommendations by an Ombudsman were accepted.
Instead, from that case one may conclude that the binding requirement only applies to final
decisions under the first sentence of Article 9.1. This is also the impression when reading the
findings of the Compliance Committee on communication ACCC/C/2008/30, where it was
stated (emphasis added):16
If a public agency has the possibility not to comply with a final decision of a court of law
under article 9, paragraph 1, of the Convention, then doubts arise as to the binding nature
of the decisions of the courts within a given legal system. Taking into account article 9,
paragraph 1, which implies that the final decisions of a court of law or other independent
and impartial body established by law are binding upon and must thus be complied with
by public authorities, the failure of the public authority to fully execute the final decision
of the court of law implies non-compliance of the Party concerned with article 9, para-
graph 1, of the Convention.
In the European Union as set out by Article 6 of EID (2003/4), the binding criteria also ap-
plies only to review decisions by a court of law or another independent and impartial body.
The same line of reasoning is furthermore confirmed in the Implementation Guide 2014.17
Based on the above, it can be concluded that the Ombudsman institution or an Information
Commissioner may be regarded as review procedures according to the first sentence of Article
9.1, but only if its decisions are binding on the information holding authority. On the other
hand, when these institutions can issue recommendations only, they still may well be accepted
as alternative complaint procedures under the second sentence of that provision.
16 Findings of the Aarhus Convention Compliance Committee on communication ACCC/C/2008/30 (Republic of
Moldova) (ECE/MP.PP/C.1/2009/6/Add.3), para. 35.
17 The Implementation Guide 2014 at page 189, see also at page 193 about the requirement according to Article
9.1 to provide with – in addition to any advisory processes – a possibility for the applicant to obtain a decision
which is binding upon the information holding authority.
9
2. Questions concerning access to justice in cases on the right to
environmental information:
1. Please indicate time limits for public authorities holding environmental information to re-
spond to requests for environmental information. Is there a requirement for the issuance of a
refusal in writing and stating reasons for the decision? How is the applicant informed about
the possibilities to appeal the decision?
Summary of the responses
All the studied Parties have time frames in law for how soon a request for environmental in-
formation must be answered, either by expressions such as “promptly”, “immediately” or “as
soon as possible” or stated in number of days. In Swedish law, the requirement is to disclose
the requested information “forthwith”. According to the Parliamentary Ombudsman, this shall
be understood as a couple of days, unless special circumstances are at hand. Those Parties
applying numeric criteria range from 48 hours to one month, but most lie in the range of 8, 10
or 15 calendar or working days. All of the studied Parties also leave room for extending the
time frame due to reasons such as complexity, volume, the need to consult between authori-
ties or to collect data, etc. The extension period commonly is the same as the first time frame,
for example 15 days on top of the first 15 days. It is often stated in law that an extension must
be communicated with the applicant some time before the first deadline expires. Of the stud-
ied Parties, Germany, Ireland and Portugal seem to have the longest formal time frames, al-
lowing up to two months in complex cases. In quite a few Parties, the consequence of not
meeting the deadline is that this “silence” is regarded as either a refusal to the request or an
appealable omission (EU, IE, ME, PT, MD, RS, SK, CH), enabling the applicant to appeal
that “decision” by the authority. I will return to these so-called “negative silence rules” in
section 3.
2. What are the time limits to appeal a decision on access to environmental information? What
are the most frequently used grounds for appeal? Are there any issues concerning who has
standing in such cases? To what body and in which form is the appeal made; recourse for re-
view within the public authority or to the higher authority; Information Commissioner, Om-
budsman or any other independent and impartial body; or directly to court of law? If appeal to
the review body other than a court of law is available in any form, does that request suspend
the time limits to appeal to the court? Is there a requirement of exhaustion of administrative
review procedures prior to bringing the case to court?
Summary of the responses
First of all, there are no “standing issues” reported in the study. All the studied Parties allow
“anyone” to request environmental information and there does not seem to be any restriction
to this in administrative practice or case-law. Moreover, most Parties studied give standing to
those whose interests may be impacted negatively by the disclosure of the requested infor-
mation, which seems to be a reasonable point of view from an “equality of arms” perspective.
It is also a requirement expressed in the EU law implementing Article 9.1 of Aarhus.18
18 See Article 6.2 in the Environmental Information Directive (2003/4).
10
Appeals against decisions on a request for environmental information or appealing a failure to
reply to a request can be made in a variety of ways. Commonly, there is a possibility to ask
for administrative reconsideration and/or appeal to a specialized body, created for the purpose
of handling complaints in information cases (information tribunals19). The time frames to
bring such appeals in the studied Parties lie between 15 days and three months. In addition,
there is a possibility to go to court within a similar or slightly longer time limit (one to three
months). Normally, these procedures are made in succession, meaning that the reconsidera-
tion process or the review in the information tribunal must be concluded before the discon-
tented party can appeal to a court of law. As thus the administrative process is a prerequisite
for judicial review, one can say that those systems have an “exhaustion obligation”. Under
these circumstances, it is consequential that the administrative phase has a “suspensive effect”
on the appeal to court, meaning that the time limit for judicial review starts not until the ad-
ministrative appeal procedure is concluded. However, as the information on such an effect
given in the responses is meagre, one cannot draw any firm conclusions on this issue.20 There
are also exceptions to this overall picture, where the discontented applicant can either demand
administrative reconsideration or go directly to court. The respondents from Kazakhstan give
such an example. Further, Sweden stands out in that the applicant is instructed to go directly
to court, although the appeal should be submitted to the authority that made the first decision.
When the written appeal arrives to that authority, it undertakes administrative reconsideration
of the decision. If the appeal is not satisfied in this procedure, the documents are forwarded to
the relevant court. In this way, the administrative phase in the appeal process to court is a
mandatory part in the proceedings and has a suspensive effect.
According to the responses, Ireland, Montenegro, Portugal, Serbia and Switzerland have cre-
ated special tribunals for dealing with complaints or appeals in information cases. The aim
with setting up such bodies is to simplify and speed up the conflict handling in these cases, as
well as keeping down the costs for the parties involved. Specialization seems to be another
reason, as those bodies can be staffed with experts in the subject area. Decisions made by the
information tribunals are commonly binding upon the administration. Besides, all or almost
all of the studied Parties have an Ombudsman or a similar organ for administrative com-
plaints. Unlike the information tribunals, the Ombudsman’s function is mainly disciplinary
and his or her decisions are commonly regarded as recommendations only. It is also interest-
ing to note that the information tribunals in Ireland, Serbia and Switzerland can undertake
mediation in information cases. This is also possible in the courts of Kazakhstan and the Re-
public of Moldova by way of settlements between the parties to the proceedings in infor-
mation cases. I will return to the relationship between administrative reconsideration, infor-
mation tribunals and judicial review, as well as mediation in section 3.
This question also includes a request for information about the most common derogation
grounds used in the studied Parties. However, the responses given here are too meagre to
draw any real conclusions from, why we have declined to do so.
19 The term “information tribunal” is used here to cover all kinds of administrative bodies that have been created
outside the information holding authorities in order to handle information cases, irrespective of their national
labels.
20 However, this requirement follows from CJEUs case-law, see C-664/15 Protect (2017) where the “exhaustion
criterion” was accepted under certain conditions (paras 59-81), also C-73/16 Peter Puškár (2017) para 76.
11
3. If appeal is made to an independent body mentioned above, how is the independence and
impartiality of that body ensured?
Summary of the responses
A lack of the criteria for independence and impartiality in the posed question meant that most
respondents just made a blank statement that the reviewing bodies of the Parties studies either
are independent and impartial or – in some cases – quite the opposite. In most cases, little
support is given for any of these viewpoints. Some of the answers, however, provide a little
more food for thought. As pointed at in part 1.2, it should also be noted that the requirement
for independence and impartiality does not apply to “administrative reconsideration” under
the second sentence of Article 9.1, even though the procedure shall be “fair” and “equitable”
according to Article 9.4.
The respondent from the EU Commission states that the reconsideration by the Secretary-
General of the Commission is independent and impartial, as it is done by a specific team of
the Secretary-General separate from the various Directorates-General and services responsible
for decision-making on access to documents upon request. According to the respondent, this
is evident through statistics showing that a substantial amount of the initial decisions are total-
ly or partially revised by the reviewing body. However, this is contested by ClientEarth,
claiming that that body forms part of the same institution as the one responding to the infor-
mation request. The German respondents inform that the special body within the administra-
tion – die Wiederspruchsbehörde – is independent and impartial, as it is unheard of that the
administration does not abide to its decision. Respondents from other Parties reported that the
independence is guaranteed by law. However, in some of the responses, the analysis is further
developed as to why the information tribunal in their country is independent and impartial
from the administration. In Ireland, the reporters seem to agree that the Commissioner for
Environmental Information (CEI) was created in order to have such a status and to focus on
customer services, fairness, empathy and innovation. Further, the independence of the Com-
mission for Access to Administrative Documents (CADA) in Portugal is guaranteed by law
and its decisions cannot be altered by other authorities. CADA is chaired by a justice from the
Supreme Administrative Court and consists of members from different sectors of society, who
cannot be questioned or removed from their positions. Finally, the Commissioner for Infor-
mation of Public Importance and Personal Data Protection in Serbia is autonomous and inde-
pendent according to law. This Commissioner must not take instructions from other parts of
the administration and can be made liable or be prosecuted only with the consent of the Na-
tional Parliament.
Without any doubt, some of these information tribunals can be regarded as independent and
impartial even to the level that they would be regarded as a “court or tribunal” according to
Article 6 of the ECHR. Others may not be in a formal sense, but society places such a high
degree of trust in them within the administration, that the actual effect is similar. However, a
conclusive evaluation on this issue cannot be done within the framework of this study, as we
have not provided with any criteria for this in the questions posed. So for now at least, it will
have to suffice with these remarks on the responses. For the future, it would be interesting to
study this issue further in order to show good examples and discuss how the criteria according
to Article 9.4 apply on these procedures.
12
4. What costs (fees, charges) are connected to review before the court of law or other review
bodies in these cases?
Summary of the responses
To begin with, it should be noted that the question concerns litigation costs in information
cases, not the costs for copying or otherwise providing the requested documents. As for the
responses, they mirror the general picture among the Parties to the Convention as regards the
different kinds of costs that exist in environmental litigation (court fees and other court costs,
lawyers’ fees and experts’ and witness’ fees). However, the overall cost level seems to be
lower compared with other kinds of environmental cases. This may of course be attributed to
the fact that information cases in general are “simpler” than other environmental cases on
permits, EIAs, infrastructural projects, mines, etc. Also the common requirement for the
courts to deal with information cases as expediently as possible (fast-tracked, prioritized) or
even to use written procedures contributes to lowering the costs. Moreover, there do not ap-
pear to be any costs in the administrative appeal phase, irrespective of whether this is per-
formed as administrative reconsideration or review by an information tribunal. But of course,
there are also exceptions from this rule, the €50 standard fee for an appeal to the Irish CEI
being one such example and can be further reduced, waivered or refunded in certain circum-
stances.
Concerning costs in judicial review proceedings in information cases, the responses are not
very elaborate. Even so, court fees in the studied Parties seem to be common, although there
are also exceptions (EU, SE). However, the fees seem to be at a rather low level, ranging from
€3,50 (RS) to €70 (SK), €150 (GE) and €210-300 (IE). It also seems quite common for the
studied Parties to apply exemptions or reduced fees in information cases (IE, PT). Having said
that, the Loser Pays Principle (LPP) seems also to be quite common (EU, DE, CH), as well as
the mandatory use of representation by a lawyer (EU, PT, CH). This may of course entail sub-
stantially higher litigation costs for the losing party. In Switzerland, for example, the total cost
may be as high as €1,000-€3,500 and according to the German Streitwert system, these cases
may cost the unsuccessful litigant €5,000. Also one of the respondents from the EU (Cli-
entEarth) claims that the litigation costs in information cases can be significant and unpredict-
able, partly because the losing party can be ordered to pay the litigation costs of several inter-
veners. At the other end of the spectrum, there are examples where costs do not exist in in-
formation cases, or at least are very low (MD, SE). It should also be noted that it is quite
common for the courts to waive litigation costs in information cases for those who are in so-
cial need or for other personal reasons. In some of the studied Parties, this may also be done
when the applicant for information is an ENGO (SK) or when the cases are of public interest
(IE). Sometimes legal aid is available in these cases (RS, CH).
5. What is the average time needed for the court of law or another independent and impartial
body to decide an information case, i.e. from the introduction of the appeal to the notification
of the decision? If the national rules of appeal require administrative reconsideration before
the appeal is submitted to the court of law or another review body, that time should also be
also separately specified.
Summary of the responses
In general, there are set time frames in law for administrative reconsideration or review.
These are often rather short, ranging from 15 days to two months, but can commonly be ex-
13
tended in exceptional cases. For judicial review in court, formal time frames do not seem to
frequently apply, apart from general requirements for the expedient handling of information
cases. In some of the studied Parties, the courts seem to successfully deal with these cases in
surprisingly short periods of time. Thus, it is reported from the Republic of Moldova that in-
formation cases may be concluded within 30 days. In other Parties – with or without require-
ments for fast-tracking these cases – the time used in the courts range from 3 to 6 months (IE,
KZ, RS, SE). In addition to this, however, there are many examples where the court proceed-
ings take more than one year, sometimes several years in complicated cases (EU, GE, SK). In
others, there are no statistics available for information cases as such, but only for all kinds of
administrative cases. In Germany for example, the average time used in the administrative
courts is slightly more than eleven months, in Serbia six months. It should finally be noted
though, that there are many reports claiming that the set time frames or general requirements
for expediency are often exceeded, especially when the execution phase is included. Some of
the respondents claim that the whole process from the information request through the appeal
procedure and further to the execution of the court order may take several years to conclude
in certain cases (EU, GE, KZ, PT, RS, SK).
6. Are decisions of courts and other review bodies in information cases in writing, publicly
available, binding and final? If the appeal is successful, how is the independent
body’s/court’s decision enforced; by ordering the public authority to disclose the information;
by disclosing the information directly; by suing the public authority if they persist in refusing
to disclose the information or by any other means?
Summary of the responses
In all of the studied Parties, decisions from administrative reconsideration or review proce-
dures, as well as judgments from the courts are given in writing. Some of the information tri-
bunals publish all their decisions online (IE, PT). Decisions from the higher levels of the court
systems are also commonly published and thus available for the public at large. From the
lower court levels, however, judgments are not always accessible, at least not outside fee-
based private websites. Exception from this general picture are provided by the Republic of
Moldova and Slovakia, where all judgments from all levels are published on the website of
the Ministry of Justice.
As for the enforcement, this is consistently performed by way of court orders addressed to the
authority to disclose the information requested, or by quashing the administrative decision and
remitting the case back to the authority with instructions. In some of the studied Parties, en-
forcement is reinforced by the power for the information tribunals or the court to combine
such an order with a fine for disobedience (DE, PT, ME, MD, RS). In others, it is a criminal
offence not to comply with such an order (GE, ME, MD, RS, SK). In a last category, a sepa-
rate enforcement procedure must be initiated by the information requester in order to have the
judgment executed (KZ). However, quite a few of the responses given are merely stating that
court orders must be abided to according to law, but without further details about what hap-
pens in cases of disobedience. It also seems to be quite common that court orders are met by
another decision from the authority not to disclose the information requested, this time apply-
ing another exemption ground.
It should also be noted that nearly all of the studied Parties have established an Ombudsman
institution, but his or her competence is mainly disciplinary and the decisions regarded as rec-
ommendations only. Against this backdrop, I think it is safe to say that the effectiveness of
14
some of the legal systems is undermined by the failure to enforce the “binding decisions” of
information tribunals and courts. I return to this issue in the discussion in section 3.
7. Can disciplinary, administrative or criminal sanctions be exercised against the public offi-
cials if disclosure of environmental information is refused unlawfully? Would it be possible
for the applicant or other members of the public to be a party to such proceedings?
Summary of the responses
In most of the studied Parties, there is both disciplinary (administrative) and criminal liability
for failure to comply with court orders concerning the disclosure of environmental infor-
mation. One can assume that such a liability is triggered by what is called “faute grave” or
serious maladministration by civil servants. A Swedish case may illustrate this, where a re-
searcher in psychiatry and his assistants were fined for having destroyed documents in breach
of a court order. The researcher took the case all the way to the Grand Chamber of the Euro-
pean Court of Human Rights, but without success.21 The Grand Chamber found that there had
been no breach of the researchers’ right to private life or his right of negative expression un-
der Articles 8 and 10 of the ECHR. According to the responses received in this study, the re-
questers for environmental information commonly cannot intervene as a party to the proceed-
ings concerning administrative and criminal sanctions.
In some Parties, refusals concerning disclosure of environmental information can also trigger
civil liability (PT, RS). The information provided in the responses is however too meagre to
enable any substantive conclusion on this issue. It would be interesting to know more about
who may initiate such proceedings and what can be obtained from them.
8. Do you have any experience of situations/cases where individuals or ENGOs asking for
environmental information have been penalized, persecuted or harassed in any way for their
involvement?
Summary of the responses
There are no such experiences according to this study, save for anecdotal examples. One of
the respondents from Kazakhstan claims that defamation actions are common, and even initi-
ated by the administration. As this statement has not been verified by other respondents, it is
hard to draw any conclusion therefrom.
9. Do you have any experience of misuse or abuse of the right to environmental information
and the consequences thereof?
Summary of the responses
The EU respondent says that repetitive requests are handled in a simplified manner and notes
that there is a special procedure for wide ranging (in substance or in time) requests for infor-
mation. To what extent these procedures have been used is however not elaborated upon. The
21 ECtHR 2012-04-03 in Case No 41723/06; Christopher Gillberg v. Sweden.
15
Irish Commissioner of Environmental Information has considered some requests for infor-
mation which have been regarded as unreasonable, close to misuse (sometimes referred to as
“fishing trip” requests). Also in Portugal, there is some experience of repetitive requests, but
not concerning environmental information. In one of the Slovak reports, it is reported that
there are several cases of abuse in which the authorities have been flooded with requests for
environmental information. This has been dealt with by the courts by way of applying “bully-
ing law enforcement”. It would be interesting to know more about this concept.
10. In your view, what are the main barriers in your legal system concerning access to justice
for the members of the public in cases on the right to environmental information?
Summary of the responses
Cost issues are mentioned as a barrier to access to justice in environmental information cases
from four Parties (GE, DE, IE and CH) and weak enforcement from three (GE, RS, SK). The
lack of timeliness is also highlighted in responses received from three Parties, two of which
relate to proceedings in court (GE, PT), and one to the absence of time frames for administra-
tive reconsiderations (DE). Further barriers mentioned are lack of resources in the administra-
tion (RS) or inadequate staffing of the reviewing bodies (IE), absence of specialized and
knowledgeable courts (KZ, ME, RS, SK), or even independent courts (KZ). Against this
background, I will expand a little on the lack of timeliness in environmental information cases
in section 3.
11. Does your legal system provide with any innovative approaches concerning administra-
tive and judicial review procedures in cases on the right to environmental information, for
example concerning the requirement for the procedure to be expeditious, the use of alternative
dispute resolutions (ADRs), costs, remedies, means for execution of review decisions on dis-
closure or use of e-justice initiatives?
Summary of the responses
To begin with, it may be observed that respondents from one legal arena are not always the
best equipped to answer this question, as what is everyday business for them may be very
innovative for “outsiders”. This is a general experience from all comparative legal research
where the phenomenon that “you cannot see the wood for the trees” is well known. An ex-
ample of this in this study is when the respondent from the Irish Office for the Commissioner
for Environmental Information (CEI) claims that nothing within the domestic legislation pro-
vides for innovative approaches. In my view, this is quite surprising, as the CEI itself in an
international comparison is an advanced information tribunal and thus very innovative.
Be that as it may, the reporter from EU mentions that the European Ombudsman has a fast-
track procedure for dealing with environmental information cases, according to which it takes
no more than two months from complaint to decision. The German respondent highlights the
in-camera procedure which enables for the reviewing court to ask a special senate within the
Federal Administrative Court (Bundesverwaltungsgericht) to decide on the disclosure of cer-
tain documents without revealing the content to the parties to the proceedings in environmen-
tal information cases. In Sweden, the information requested can be disclosed by the court it-
self if the court finds that there are no grounds for refusal. It should be noted though, that this
rarely happens as most documents in the case file commonly go back to the authority. The
16
possibility of undertaking mediation in information tribunals or courts is mentioned in the
reports of the five studied Parties (IE, KZ, MD, RS, CH). In my view, this calls for further
clarification as to what, and when, such proceedings can successfully be brought in environ-
mental information cases.
12. Can you please provide us with a short description of particularly important or innovative
information cases, as well as cases which illustrate the main barriers concerning access to
justice in these matters.
Summary of the responses
A substantial number of cases are provided in the responses received, but almost all concern
issues relating to environmental information as such; the definition of “public authority” and
“environmental information”, the application of exemptions from the requirement for disclo-
sure, etc. Only a couple of cases seem to be related to issues concerning access to justice in
information cases. For example, one report from Georgia raises the weak enforcement of
court decisions ordering the disclosure of environmental information; in one case the time
span between order and actual disclosure was six months, in another the request for infor-
mation was made in April 2015 and the disclosure came three years thereafter, in March 2018.
Further, one respondent from Slovakia claims that the court practice to remit the case back to
the authority with instructions for disclosure does not always function well, as the authorities
may invent new grounds for refusal. Therefore, such a system can result in an eternal “ping
pong” with those cases.
17
3. Remarks and discussion
Introduction
In this section, I make some remarks on issues that are problematic, challenging or especially
interesting from general viewpoint. As for challenges, I will focus on the time issue and en-
forcement. Thereafter, I comment upon a couple of interesting features in the national legisla-
tion concerning access to justice in information cases. Some of these seem very interesting
and may therefore be worth studying further.
Unproblematic issues
To begin with, it is worth noting that there are a couple of issues that seem to be unproblemat-
ic from an access to justice perspective in environmental information cases in the 12 studied
Parties. First and foremost, and as already noted, standing does not seem to be an issue in
these cases as anyone can ask for environmental information without having to state an inter-
est in the matter. Also other concerned persons and entities are commonly accepted as parties
to the proceedings, such as those whose interests may be negatively impacted by the disclo-
sure. However, this conclusion must be caveated as there may be decisions in the legal sys-
tems that are not appealable at all. For example, decisions by the Swedish Government on the
disclosure of environmental information cannot be brought to any court of law. A reservation
was made in this respect at the signing of the Convention,22 which seems to be endorsed by
the domestic courts.23 And as the questionnaire did not cover the issue of “appealability”, we
cannot draw any conclusion on the existence of such decisions in the studied Parties.
In addition to standing, there are also other issues concerning access to justice in information
cases that seem to be less problematic based on the responses received, such as formal time
frames for the administrative decision-making and reconsideration procedures. Something
similar can probably be said about the review proceedings in the established information tri-
bunals in the studied Parties. Having said that, this statement must also be distinguished from
timeliness in practice, where the picture may be quite different.
Moreover, the requirement to provide written reasoned decisions in cases concerning envi-
ronmental information seems to less problematic in the studied Parties. Further, there would
appear to be no costs in the administrative phase of the appeal of decisions on environmental
information. Also, regarding the availability of decisions and judgments there seems to be a
general fulfilment of the Aarhus Convention requirements, at least concerning those from
information tribunals and courts of last instance. The power to impose administrative and
even criminal sanctions for serious misconduct and maladministration seems to exist com-
monly in the studied Parties, at least in theory. Further, no clear cases of harassments and
defamation claims against those who request environmental information were reported. Mis-
use and abuse of access to information rights seems to be slightly more common, although the
evidence given in the study is mostly anecdotal. Interestingly though, the respondents from
the European Commission claim that that authority has developed a specific procedure to
avoid abuse and handle wide ranging requests. It would be interesting to learn more about that
22 See https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=IND&mtdsg_no=XXVII-
13&chapter=27&clang=_en#EndDec
23 Swedish Supreme Administrative Court (Högsta förvaltningsdomstolen), decision 2017-05-17 in case No
5670-16.
procedure. On the other hand, there is also a report from the public concerned in one of the
studied Parties that these kinds of specific procedures sometimes are abused by the admin-
istration in order to avoid complying with court orders on disclosure of environmental infor-
mation.
Barriers and challenges
Based on the responses received in this study, it is safe to say that the main barriers to access
to justice in information cases are the length of the procedure, weak enforcement and – to a
certain extent – costs. The first issue can be illustrated by one of the responses, according to
which the court procedure in that Party at first instance is expedient and effective, commonly
lasting for no more than one month. On appeal, however, the procedure is slow, unpredictable
and the appeal has no suspensive effect on the issue to which the environmental information
relates. Examples are also given other Parties of complex cases that have taken more than 4
years from the administrative decision to the final judgment, and sometimes even more. One
should also take into account that access to information can be urgent in environmental cases;
for example, if the request is made in order to obtain information concerning an EIA on a
permit application, the permit might already be issued at the time of the court order for disclo-
sure. This is a typical example of what may be called a “case won in court, but lost on the
ground”. To this background, the requirements for timeliness should be interpreted with extra
care in relation to information cases.24 Therefore, this issue needs to be further discussed as a
major obstacle for access to justice in environmental information cases.
It is similarly evident based on the responses received that the failure to enforce orders for
disclosure by information tribunals and courts is another important barrier to access to justice
in information cases. Weak enforcement is widely reported in the study, occurring mainly in
three situations. The first is when the information holding authority does not respond to the
disclosure order, or tries to evade it with silence. The second is when the reviewing court’s
competence is confined to quashing the administrative decision, which necessitates for the
information applicant to make a renewed request. If then the authority finds another ground
for refusal, s/he must appeal once again to the court, which may quash the decision once
again, etc. Such “ping-pong” seems to be quite a common phenomenon, at least in some of
the studied Parties. The third situation is when the enforcement lies in the hands of a body
other than the court, or in another procedure separated from the appeal process. Contrasting to
this, effective enforcement seems to be achieved when the court or tribunal deciding on the
merits of the case also has the power to invoke fines for disobedience, at least as far as this
power is actually used in practise. Further discussion on enforcement issues would provide us
with knowledge and experience about more organisational and legal instruments to deal with
this general problem of environmental law, including in information cases.
Costs are always mentioned as barriers to access to justice in environmental cases, and this
picture is – at least to a certain extent – confirmed in our study. As such, these cases are indis-
tinguishable from other kinds of environmental cases, although as already noted, the costs in a
number of studied Parties are at a lower level. On the other hand, the litigation costs in some
of the studied Parties can be quite substantial. This can partly be attributed to a mandatory
requirement to be represented by a lawyer in court. For now, I have little to add to this general
24 See Compliance Committee’s statement in the last sentence of paragraph 88 in findings on communication
ACCC/C/2013/93 (Norway) (ECE/MP.PP/C.1/2017/16) and the Report of the Compliance Committed to the
Meeting of the Parties at its sixth session (document ECE/MP.PP/2017/32, para. 70).
19
discussion, except to observe that costs do not seem to be an issue in the information tribunals
which some of the studied Parties have set up. As these bodies also seem to provide some
solution for the other two barriers mentioned here – lack of timeliness and weak enforcement
– it may be fruitful to examine how they are designed and function.
Good examples and interesting features in the studied Parties
I want to draw attention to three features that I find particularly interesting in the reports from
the Parties studied. To begin with, I think the information tribunals seem to be very interest-
ing, as they can provide the information seeking public with an expeditious and cheap avenue
for appeal of administrative decisions. Furthermore, as such bodies can be specialised on this
field of law and may be equipped with a competence to undertake mediation (see below), they
may provide with sufficient experience and expertise to guarantee legal certainty and swift-
ness in these procedures. If they meet the criterion of being independent and impartial accord-
ing to Article 6 ECHR and Article 267 TFEU, they can also ease the burden of the national
court systems. Information tribunals is also a feature that has raised growing attention in in-
ternational law due to the positive experiences therefrom. For example, the Organisation for
Security and Cooperation in Europe Representative on Freedom of the Media recommended
in 2007 to create such independent oversight bodies in its Member States.25
Further, in many of the legal systems, administrative silence is regarded as a negative decision
when the deadline given in law is expired. This legal construct for dealing with “administra-
tive silence” or “administrative delay” is in line with a general development of modern ad-
ministrative law, not least in order to strengthen the application of EU law. The possibility
for certain actors to bring a case to the CJEU in order to challenge failures to act by the insti-
tutions of EU already exists in Article 265 in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European
Union (TFEU). The result of such an action is that the Court declares the omission in breach
of the EU Treaties. Also in secondary EU legislation, we have a number of legal constructs in
order to deal with administrative omission or silence. According to Article 12 in Directive
2014/65 on markets in financial instruments, the consequence of silence from the competent
authority on a notification from someone to undertake an acquisition, is that the authority has
no objection to the merger. This is an example of what is a called a “positive silence rule”.
Examples of the opposite – “negative silence rules”26 similar to the ones mentioned in the
study – can be found in Article 10(6) of the EC Merger Regulation 139/2004. Even more rel-
evant is Article 8(3) of the Regulation 1049/2001 regarding public access to European Par-
liament, Council and Commission documents, which states that the failure of the institution to
reply within the prescribed time limit shall be considered as a negative reply and entitle the
applicant to institute court proceedings and/or make a complaint to the Ombudsman. Also in
Member State laws, such negative silence rules have established roots and are today quite
common.27 My general conclusion is that this legal construct – which in essence means that
silence is equalled to an appealable refusal – is a good example on how to effectively deal
with administrative passivity as regards access to environmental information. Having said
this, there can also be drawbacks to such a system; when the information seeking public ap-
25 See Report by the OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media on access to information by the media in
the OSCE region: trends and recommendations available (30 April 2007, p. 4) at
https://www.osce.org/fom/24892
26 Sometimes also called “implied dismissals” or “deemed refusals”.
27 See opinion by Advocate General Wahl in C-58/13 and C-59/13 Torresi (2014), at para 70.
peals “silence”, the administration’s arguments against disclosure can be unknown, something
that may make the procedure in court unpredictable, complicated and – not least – lengthy.
The final good example concerns mediation. As noted under question 11, mediation possibili-
ties are available in information cases in a number of the studied Parties, both in information
tribunals and in courts. Respondents noted that an agreement reached through mediation can
be effectively executed due to their status as executable documents. Further, mediation may
be a useful tool in the initial phase of the proceedings, for getting the parties together, to clari-
fy the controversial issues and to see whether any settlement can be reached between them.
This seems very interesting and may be an issue to study further.
Concluding remarks
Access to information plays a crucial role in environmental matters. Without information, the
public cannot participate in the decision-making procedures in any meaningful way. It is a
vital ingredient in what is regarded as “good governance” on this field of law, aiming at keep-
ing the public well informed and engaged in the procedures. This way, access to information
improves the transparency in the decision-making and thereby secures the environmental in-
terests protected in law. It also serves as a means for improving the quality of the decision-
making and thereby reduce the need for court proceedings.
Against this background, it is quite surprising that access to justice in information cases has
raised relatively little attention in the Aarhus discourse over the years.28 Cases concerning
Article 9.1 and its implementation in the Parties to the Convention are rather few compared
with those dealing with Articles 9.2 and 9.3. As already noted, the Compliance Committee
has so far dealt with only three cases of interest for this study. Even if there are more cases
pending as of today with the allegations concerning the implementation of Article 9.1 (e.g.,
see communications ACCC/C/2015/134, ACCC/C/2018/161 and ACCC/C/2019/173),29 it
remains to be seen what comes out that may be of importance from an access to justice per-
spective. As has been illustrated in this study, also on national level there is a limited number
of court cases concerning access to justice in information cases. The same goes for infringe-
ment cases and requests for preliminary rulings in the CJEU, where the vast majority of some
50 Aarhus cases deal with the implementation of Articles 9.2 and 9.3. To a certain extent,
however, this general picture is balanced by the fact that there is quite a number of very inter-
esting cases regarding requests for environmental information from the EU institutions that
has been brought by the ENGO community by way direct action to CJEU according to Regu-
lation 1049/2001.
But even so, the general impression is that access to justice in information cases has not been
paid the attention it merits in the public debate concerning Aarhus and its implementation in
the UNECE region. The primary intention of this study has therefore been to compensate for
this silence and start a wider debate on the implementation of Article 9.1 in the Parties to the
Convention. It has also become quite apparent that some of the issues raised are quite contro-
28 Although it has been highlighted in other fora, such as the Council of Europe in its 2002 Recommendation on
Access to Official Documents and Principle IX therein, also OSCEs 2007 review of the right of access to infor-
mation in the OSCE region. For further information, see Open Society Justice Initiative: Right2info: Information
Commission/ers and Other Oversight Bodies and Mechanisms; https://www.right2info.org/information-
commission-ers-and-other-oversight-bodies-and-mechanisms
29 See https://unece.org/env/pp/cc/communications-from-the-public
versial and need to be debated further. And this is where the Task Force on Access to Justice
has a role to play as a platform for studies and meetings where all aspects of Aarhus can be
discussed. This role as a mere facilitator for a wider debate without any formal significance is
in fact the strength of our body under the Convention.
Stockholm 28 February 2021: Jan Darpö
1. Introduction
1.1 The study and the synthesis report
1.2 Article 9.1 of the Aarhus Convention in text and practice
Article 9.1 first sentence
Article 9.1 second sentence
Article 9.1 third sentence
2. Questions concerning access to justice in cases on the right to environmental information:
3. Remarks and discussion
Introduction
Unproblematic issues
Barriers and challenges
Good examples and interesting features in the studied Parties
Running order and tentative timetable for the ninth (virtual) session of GRVA
The table below provides an estimation on the date and timing for the agenda items proposed in ECE/TRANS/WP.29/GRVA/2021/1.
Date
Time
Tentative running order
Monday
1 Feb. 2021
(Interpretation provided)
1.00 p.m. – 3.00 p.m.
Item 1. Adoption of the agenda
(Item 2. Highlights of the November 2020 sessions of WP.29)
Item 3. Exchange of views on guidelines and relevant national activities
Item 4. Automated/autonomous and connected vehicles
(a) Deliverables of the IWG on FRAV
(b) Deliverables of the IWG on VMAD
Tuesday
2 Feb. 2021
12.30 p.m. – 3.30 p.m.
Item 4. Automated/autonomous and connected vehicles
(c) Deliveries of the IWG on EDR / DSSAD
(d) UN Regulation No. 157
Item 5. Connected vehicles
(a) Cyber security and data protection
(b) Software updates and Over-The Air issues
Item 12. Other business
(a) GRVA priorities
(d) Framework document for automated/autonomous vehicles (FDAV)
Wednesday
3 Feb. 2021
12.30 p.m. – 3.30 p.m.
Item 5. Connected vehicles
(c) Legal considerations regarding technical provisions over the vehicle lifetime
(d) Other business
Item 6. UN Regulation No. 79 (Steering equipment)
(a) Automatically Commanded Steering Function
(b) Steering equipment
(c) Remote Control Manoeuvring
(d) Other business
Thursday
4 Feb. 2021
12.30 p.m. – 3.30 p.m.
Item 7. Advanced Emergency Braking Systems
Item 8. UN Regulations Nos. 13, 13-H, 139, 140 and UN GTR No. 8
(a) Electronic Stability Control
(b) Electromechanical brakes
(c) Clarifications
Item 9. Motorcycle braking:
(a) UN Global Technical Regulation No. 3
(b) UN Regulation No. 78
Friday
5 Feb. 2021
(Interpretation provided)
1.30 p.m. – 3.30 p.m.
Item 10. UN Regulation No. 90
Item 11. Revision 3 of the 1958 Agreement
(a) Implementation of … Revision 3 to the 1958 Agreement
(b) International Whole Vehicle Type Approval.
Item 12. Other business
(b) Artificial Intelligence
(c) Any other business
Transmitted by the Chair Informal document GRVA-09-01-Rev.1
9th GRVA, 1-5 February 2021
Agenda item 1
Running order and tentative timetable for the ninth (virtual) session of GRVA
The table below provides an estimation on the date and timing for the agenda items proposed in
ECE/TRANS/WP.29/GRVA/2021/1.
Date Time Tentative running order
Monday
1 Feb. 2021
(Interpretation
provided)
1.00 p.m. – 3.00 p.m.
Item 1. Adoption of the agenda
(Item 2. Highlights of the November 2020 sessions of WP.29)
Item 3. Exchange of views on guidelines and relevant national activities
Item 4. Automated/autonomous and connected vehicles
(a) Deliverables of the IWG on FRAV
(b) Deliverables of the IWG on VMAD
Tuesday
2 Feb. 2021 12.30 p.m. – 3.30 p.m.
Item 4. Automated/autonomous and connected vehicles
(c) Deliveries of the IWG on EDR / DSSAD
(d) UN Regulation No. 157
Item 5. Connected vehicles
(a) Cyber security and data protection
(b) Software updates and Over-The Air issues
Item 12. Other business
(a) GRVA priorities
(d) Framework document for automated/autonomous vehicles (FDAV)
Wednesday
3 Feb. 2021 12.30 p.m. – 3.30 p.m.
Item 5. Connected vehicles
(c) Legal considerations regarding technical provisions over the vehicle
lifetime
(d) Other business
Item 6. UN Regulation No. 79 (Steering equipment)
(a) Automatically Commanded Steering Function
(b) Steering equipment
(c) Remote Control Manoeuvring
(d) Other business
Thursday
4 Feb. 2021 12.30 p.m. – 3.30 p.m.
Item 7. Advanced Emergency Braking Systems
Item 8. UN Regulations Nos. 13, 13-H, 139, 140 and UN GTR No. 8
(a) Electronic Stability Control
(b) Electromechanical brakes
(c) Clarifications
Item 9. Motorcycle braking:
(a) UN Global Technical Regulation No. 3
(b) UN Regulation No. 78
Friday
5 Feb. 2021
(Interpretation
provided)
1.30 p.m. – 3.30 p.m.
Item 10. UN Regulation No. 90
Item 11. Revision 3 of the 1958 Agreement
(a) Implementation of … Revision 3 to the 1958 Agreement
(b) International Whole Vehicle Type Approval.
Item 12. Other business
(b) Artificial Intelligence
(c) Any other business
