2021 Census of Population--Collections – Integrated Communications Strategy | 0

2021 Census of Population-Collection Integrated Communications Strategy (ICS)

Plan for an Integrated Social Marketing Campaign

Prepared by: Communications Division Statistics Canada

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Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................. 3 Environmental considerations ................................................................................................. 6

1. SWOT analysis ................................................................................................................................................. 7 2. Operating assumptions ................................................................................................................................ 8

Research ...................................................................................................................................... 10 3. Primary research – 2016 Census of Population ................................................................................... 12

3.1 Response trends ................................................................................................................ 12 3.2 Inquiries answered by the Respondent Relations (RR) team ...................................... 13

4. Secondary research ...................................................................................................................................... 14 4.1. Attention ........................................................................................................................... 15 4.2. Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) ........................................................................... 15 4.3. Customer Brand Engagement Engagement is a key aspect of all five of the Integrated Communications Strategies developed in support of the 2021 Census. Innovative tactics will be employed to engage harder-to-reach audiences like millennials—a group that now constitutes roughly 27% of the population. Secondary research was undertaken to assist in the development of tactics. 17 4.4. Media Technology Monitor (MTM) ............................................................................... 17 4.5. News Media and Government Engagement .................................................................. 17 4.6. 2019 Edelman Trust Barometer ..................................................................................... 18 Strategic gap analysis .............................................................................................................. 19

5. Strategic gap analysis .................................................................................................................................. 21 Objectives and target audiences .......................................................................................... 23

6. Objectives ....................................................................................................................................................... 24 6.1. Campaign objectives .................................................................................................... 24 6.2. Measurable objectives ................................................................................................. 24

7 Target audiences .......................................................................................................................................... 24 7.1. Behavioral segmentation ................................................................................................. 24 7.2. Changes between 2016 approach and 2021 ................................................................... 25 7.3. Response objectives .......................................................................................................... 25 7.4. Cluster profiles ................................................................................................................. 26 7.5. Cluster profiles: behavioral and media skew assumptions .......................................... 26 7.6. User Personas ................................................................................................................... 27 7.7. PLACEHOLDER Mapping Tool ................................................................................... 29 8. Key messages ................................................................................................................ 29 8.1. Messaging approach Messaging for the 2021 Census of Population will follow a multi-level approach underwritten by Census Communications’ audience segmentation. ..................... 29 8.2. Broad key messages ......................................................................................................... 30 8.3. Phased approach to messaging ....................................................................................... 30 9. Campaign strategies ................................................................................................... 31 9.1. Key strategies ................................................................................................................... 31 9.2. ICS Main Channels .......................................................................................................... 31 9.3. Strategic alignment of earned, owned and paid media ................................................. 31 10. Planning Assumptions ................................................................................................ 33

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11. Advertising plan ........................................................................................................... 33 12. Outreach and engagement ....................................................................................... 35 12.1. Community Supporter Toolkit ................................................................................... 36 13. Tactics ............................................................................................................................. 36 Tactical issues ............................................................................................................................... 36 Tactics by ICS component........................................................................................................... 37 Real-time monitoring and adjustment of tactics ....................................................................... 37 8 Blocking Charts ........................................................................................................................... 38

8.1 PLACEHOLDER-Paid media calendar .................................................................................................. 38 8.2 PLACEHOLDER- Organic social media calendar .............................................................................. 38

9 Expected outcomes .............................................................................................................. 39 10 Evaluation ............................................................................................................................. 40

10.1 Big Picture KPIs .......................................................................................................................................... 40 10.2 Other Evaluation Criteria .......................................................................................................................... 40

Annex 1—Secondary research: works consulted ........................................................... 42 1.1 Corporate Social Performance ............................................................................................................. 42 1.2 Canadian Forces “Fight” Recruitment Campaign ............................................................................ 42 1.3 The Shattered Mirror ............................................................................................................................... 43 1.4 News media and government engagement .................................................................................... 44 1.5 Attention span .......................................................................................................................................... 44 2. Further Reading Other sources were consulted for the purposes of drafting this strategy. Further reading on these topics can be found in the Census Communications research repository. .................................................. 44

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Executive Summary The integrated communications strategy (ICS) is designed as a social marketing campaign where emphasis is placed on research, segmentation, targeting, and positioning. The targeting strategy consists of full market coverage, complimented by the use of differentiated marketing, to reach areas that have proven more difficult to enumerate. The main idea behind the ICS targeting is: anticipation vs. reaction. A key element of the 2021 Census of Population ICS is the census brand. Respondents need to understand the importance of the information that has been gathered, the authority on which the Statistics Canada’s mandate is based, and what’s ‘in it’ for them. Census Communications will use coordinated activities to encourage Canadians to complete the census online and in a timely manner. This approach is designed to reach respondents across all demographics, but especially hard-to-count respondent groups. The strategy includes the content mapping of key messages across 5 main channels: 1. outreach, public relations and events: activities organized in partnership with all levels of

government, non-government organizations, and community associations. 2. earned media: work with sources of information for the purposes of informing Canadians

about the census in a positive and credible manner 3. owned media: publicity gained through promotional efforts other than advertising 4. paid media: positive publicity gained through paid advertising 5. media relations: messaging promoted through interactions with the media

The strategy for 2021 will employ a proactive approach, using the following campaign strategies and tactics: Dynamic segmentation model Statistical analyses will guide the design, implementation and monitoring of census communications activities. This analysis will be augmented with Environics attitudinal and lifestyle data to reveal target audience interests and motivations. The ICS will employ behavioral and sociodemographic segmentation to identify hard-to-count audiences. The goal of segmentation is to understand which census units (CU) are more or less likely to self-respond, and what key sociodemographic characteristics must be considered to effectively execute communication activities.

• Based on response behaviors during the 2016 Census of Population, 88 clusters were defined; these were further grouped into 12 meta clusters comprised.

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• A mapping tool containing relevant segmentation information will be leveraged for strategy development, for planning purposes, and for reactive collection tactics in the regions.

Messaging Messaging for the census will capture the attention of target audiences and clearly explain the relationship between completing the questionnaire and the benefit to respondents. Census Communications will employ a targeted approach to messaging based on segmentation. Broad key messages will be used across all channels; large-scale messaging (e.g.: social media) will be employed at the meta cluster level; targeted tactics will be used at the cluster level.

• Messages will have direct tone and demonstrate how the census benefits Canadians through the transformation of their communities.

• Census COMM will leverage trusted voices, i.e.: community supporters, to expand the reach of census related messaging.

Census website Census Communications is responsible for the census website (www.census.gc.ca). It will leverage a responsive design and be optimized for mobile. The website will remain live between the 2019 Census Test and the beginning of collection operations in 2021. This will allow outreach materials and other information about the census to be accessible to community supporters and respondents well in advance of collection. The website will:

• have a clear call to action (complete the questionnaire) • use plain language • provide information on the privacy and security of data.

Outreach and engagement A multi-step process will be developed, clearly outlining how activities are to be executed by census outreach officers in both the National Capital Region and in the regions. Outreach officers will build and maintain an extensive list of municipalities and community based organizations.

• Partnerships will be developed with Federal departments including but not limited to: Service Canada, Employment and Skills Development Canada, and Immigration, Refugees, and Citizenship Canada.

• An interactive Community Supporter Toolkit (CST) will be made available on the census website so that all interested associations and community based organizations, can access tools and resources to promote census job opportunities, as well as promote the timely completion of the census.

• The Teachers’ Kit and Adult Education Kit will be updated and include sections on data privacy and Statistics Canada’s mandate to protect personal information.

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The objectives of the Integrated Communications Strategy are to:

 Increase awareness of the 2021 Census of Population

 Increase self-response through online collection

 Influence behaviours to increase self-response rates by urging households to complete and return a census questionnaire in May 2021—especially in the first two weeks of May.

 Increase participation for groups that have traditionally been difficult to enumerate

 Increase awareness that Statistics Canada and, by extension, the Government of Canada is committed to protecting the personal information of all Canadians

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Environmental considerations

RESEARCH

Abstract

Dan Houle

 Census communications is suggesting a more proactive approach for 2021.

 There is a strong foundation for outreach activities due to the evergreening of relationships with supporters during the intercensal period.

 The 2016 Communications Strategy had many strengths, but there are many opportunities to build on for 2021.

KEY TAKEAWAYS

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS

This section provides environmental considerations for the strategy.

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The 2016 Census of Population was the most successful in Canadian history. As has been the case in previous censuses, participation to the 2021 Census of Population might be influenced by political, economic, social and/or technological factors.

1. SWOT analysis TABLE 1 SWOT Analysis

Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats  Approximately 1700

community supporters asked to keep in touch with Census Communications after 2016. These groups are included in an ongoing engagement plan and

 The extensive experience of the census communications program in working with local governments, businesses and organizations to increase awareness in the census.

 A content mapping approach allows Census COMM to cross-leverage products across all channels.

 Ability to reach certain hard-to-count audiences.

 Leverage a more optimized mix of paid, owned and earned media to increase self-response from hard-to-enumerate populations.

 Strategic combination of traditional and social media channels could accelerate and increase self-response rate.

 Leverage experience with local communities and engage long-term supporters across Canada to draw attention to the census and increase response.

 Large broadcasters have signified an interest to form media partnerships to extend the reach of census messaging.

 New social media platforms and functionalities.

 Negative perceptions tied to media coverage on fines.

 Environmental factors, e.g. ice roads melting sooner, floods, brush fires, which could impact field collection activities.

 Municipal censuses that occur close to or at the same time as the Census of Population. The proximity of municipal censuses to the Census of Population may cause confusion and frustration for respondents.

 Changing levels of trust in government and increasing concern about the use of personal data.

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2. Operating assumptions

TABLE 2 Review of operating assumptions Title Description Integration of short- and long- form electronic questionnaires

 When completing their census questionnaire online, Canadians will be directed to the census website with instructions to enter their secure access code (SAC).

 There will be no visible distinction between short- and long- form questionnaires for respondents aside from the total number of questions they will be asked to complete.

Sampling rate for mandatory long- form census

 In 2021, a sample of 25% of Canadian households will receive a long-form questionnaire. The other households will receive a short-form questionnaire.

Census Help Line (CHL) – on-site experts

 For the 2021 Census, experts from the various census sub- projects will be physically located in the CHL during the Operational Readiness Test (March) and during the first two weeks of operations (May). Census Communications management will set up processes to remotely coordinate the work of the writing staff during those periods.

Written inquiries

 As in 2016, all written inquiries will be handled by the Census Communications Respondent Relations Team. These inquiries are comparable to “Tier 2” inquiries that the Statistical Information Service operators are unable to answer. In 2016, 15675i cases were registered between January and September 2011. Resources are planned to meet the demand.

Social media  Census Communications will develop and post content on Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, and other appropriate social media vehicles, using existing Statistics Canada accounts and publication processes.

Respondent Inquiries

 Census Communications will provide written materials, by fall 2020, in anticipation of respondent inquiries to the Statistical Information Service, the Census Help Line and Field Operations (FOP), based on 2016 experience.

Designation of Early Enumeration Communities

 The names of Early Enumeration communities will be provided to Census Communications by the end of 2020.

Paid media activities for collections

 Paid media activities will commence prior to the start of collection activities in May 2021.

Earned media activities for Early Enumeration

 Earned media activities to generate awareness to early enumeration activities will begin in January 2021 with general advertising for the census starting in April 2021.

Census Wrapper  Census website Census Communications is responsible for the census wrapper, including look and feel and content.

 Much like in 2016, the 2021 wrapper will leverage a responsive design and be optimized for mobile.

 The wrapper will remain live between Behavioral Testing in 20019 and May 2021.

i This number includes 197 social media responses handled between April 4 and July 3 2016. All responses handled by the Respondent Relations team were logged into CRMS. However, there were over 27 000 inquiries and comments on social media during collection activities in 2016; most of these were handled by the social media team and are not reflected in this number.

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Research

RESEARCH This section details the primary and

secondary research undertaken in support of

this strategy.

 Spikes in response rates were correlated with wave letters, which points to the effectiveness of the wave methodology

 Final online response rates went from 54.5% in 2011 to 68.8% in 2016 - an increase of 14.3% nationally. All targeted segments outperformed the national average increase

 Due to the overwhelming demand, over 100K calls

went unanswered by the Census help line

KEY TAKEAWAYS

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3. Primary research – 2016 Census of Population Primary research was undertaken to evaluate successes and strategic gaps in 2016. Information about response trends, social media activities, and Census Help Line and Respondent Relations demand provide insights to build the strategy for 2021.

3.1 Response trends Response trends in 2016 show that response rates rose in correlation with the wave methodology. Returns were better than forecasted likely due to the use of the online questionnaire and the alignment between wave methodology and the phased approach to messaging.

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3.2 Inquiries answered by the Respondent Relations (RR) team All inquiries from respondents were directed to the Respondent Relations team in 2016 with the exception of social media interactions, which were intended to be handled by the social media team (Web2Social).There were approximately 27,000 social media requests in 2016 and only a few hundred—the overflow—were handled by RR. This chart details the requests received by the Respondent Relations team during census operations in 2016.

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4. Secondary research Based on best practices and lessons learned, information and knowledge of past events or similar demographics, the following recommendations can be made:

On what to say  Information needs to be simple yet informative, relevant, and clearly show the benefit in participating

for each of the targeted audience.

On how to say it  Simple and clear messages are always preferred and best understood.

On who should say it

 Findings from several rounds of testing concerning Census Communications materials tell us that among target audiences, Statistics Canada is viewed as a credible source for information.

 Inclusion of key influencers such as community, religious, non-governmental organizations has historically drawn attention to the census message. This is supported by the Elaboration Likelihood Model.

The following resources have been reviewed to support the articulation of the Integrated Communications Strategy. (Longer excerpts and other resources are included in Annex 1.)

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4.1. Attention Changes in the lifestyles, day-to-day interests, behaviour and attention span of various segments of the population will play a key role in the creation and implementation of census messaging. The following tables show key areas of research done in support of the communications strategy that inform the foundation of a comprehensive approach to messaging and overall brand.

Microsoft attention span study • The Canadian attention span has declined since 2000. • In 2013 the average Canadian had an attention span of 8 seconds. • On average, 19% of online viewers defect in the first 10 seconds. • The good news: tech adoption and social media usage are training consumers to become

better at processing and encoding information through short bursts of high attention. • 49% of Canadians are more likely to pay attention to communications when they’re

delivered in the right context, at the right time. • ¾ of Canadians use multiple screens at once. Therefore marketers should look for ways

to: o Hold attention o Create opportunities to capture wandering eyes

Source: Microsoft attention spans, Spring 2015. Consumer Insights. Microsoft Canada. 2015.

4.2. Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM)

While the composition of the message plays an important role in the overall receptivity found in a given audience, other factors must also be considered. As such, special consideration will be given to the Elaboration Likelihood Model in the development of promotional activities, especially as they related to outreach activities.

PR strategies and changes in attention span • Attention is task-dependent • There are different types of attention. For instance

o Focused o Transient

• The appetite for long form content (e.g.: long novels) is declining; ‘skimming’ is becoming a dominant form of reading

• Not all communication requires focus: people can process content unconsciously • Exposure to information—even repeated—does not mean it has influence • Advertisers need to adopt a way of reaching consumers that will grab and hold

consumers’ attention and make sure messages are routinely embedded with emotion. Emotion creates a higher likelihood of recall.

Gallloway, Chris. “Blink and they’re gone: PR and the battle for attention.” Public Relations Review. 43 (5). 2017.

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The following research tables summarize the ELM theory and its possible applications especially with respect to the design of census website.

Different campaign strategies and promotional tactics will leverage the principles of ELM to increase effectiveness. For instance, Cyr et al. demonstrate how ELM can be applied to website design:

ELM and online persuasion

• Higher interest in a topic will result in more time processing the arguments presented. • Lower interest will result in judgements based on external cues to guide attitude

formation. • When applying ELM to website design:

o the content of the site is the ‘direct’ argument for persuasion; o and the design elements are the ‘peripheral cues’.

• Elements that contribute to online persuasion are: o Navigation i.e. ease of use o Image Appeal i.e. sensory and aesthetic visual experience o Social Presence i.e. the warmth and sociability of a website’s design o The perception of connectedness. In other words, the user’s belief that they

will benefit from a website over and above any content feature. • Quality of information is important: if a user is dissatisfied with website information they

will leave the site. Cyr, Dianne, et al. “Using the Elaboration Likelihood Model to Examine Online Persuasion through Website Design.” Information & Management, 23 Mar. 2018, doi:10.1016/j.im.2018.03.009.

Elaboration Likelihood Model Theory • ELM suggest that important variations in the nature of persuasion are a function of the

likelihood that receivers will engage in elaboration of (that is, thinking about) information relevant to the persuasive issue.

• Depending on the degree of elaboration, two different kind of persuasion process can be engaged – one involving systematic thinking and the other involving cognitive shortcuts.

• The two persuasion processes are called the “central route” and the “peripheral route” to persuasion.

 The central route represents the persuasion process involved when elaboration process is relatively high. Where persuasion is achieved through the central route, it commonly comes about through extensive issue-relevant thinking; careful examination of the information contained in the message, close scrutiny of the message’s arguments, consideration of other issue-relevant materials, and so on. In short, persuasion through the central route is achieved through the receiver’s thoughtful examination of issue-relevant considerations.

 The peripheral route represents the persuasion process involved when elaboration is relatively low. Where persuasion is achieved through peripheral route, it commonly comes about because the receiver employs some simple decision rule (some heuristic principle) to evaluate the advocated positions. For example, the receiver might be guided by whether they like the communicator or by whether they find the communicator credible. That is, receivers may rely upon various peripheral cues (such as communicator credibility) as guides to attitude and belief, rather than engaging in extensive issue-relevant thinking.

Petty and Cacioppo

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4.3. Customer Brand Engagement Engagement is a key aspect of all five of the Integrated Communications Strategies developed in support of the 2021 Census. Innovative tactics will be employed to engage harder-to-reach audiences like millennials— a group that now constitutes roughly 27% of the population. Secondary research was undertaken to assist in the development of tactics.

Understanding Customer Brand Engagement with Virtual Social Communities: A Comprehensive model of drivers, outcomes and moderators

• Social media has become an important channel for customers to engage with brand. • Through social media customers are no longer a “passive audience”. They are co-

producers who build their identities and socialize with other customers. • Social networking brand communities (e.g. Facebook) have become a driving force for

Customer Brand Engagement (CBE). • Virtual social networking communities are so effective because they are relationship

centric and inherently participatory. • Trust plays an important role in how customers interact with virtual social networks. It

specifically determines a customer’s likelihood to maintain ties with a brand, to recommend the brand, and to participate in the social network brand communities.

Carvallo A. and Fernandes, T. “Understanding consumer brand engagement with virtual social communities: a comprehensive model of drivers, outcomes, and moderators.” Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice. 26(1-2). 2018.

4.4. Media Technology Monitor (MTM) The Media Technology Monitor (MTM) is a technology survey that is conducted twice a year and covers the Canadian audience (both Anglophone and Francophone demographics). This tool allows Census Communications to be agile and make well informed decisions about how to connect with respondents effectively.

Examples from recent reports include:

• More than a third of Anglophones have four internet connected devices; the majority of Anglophones (72%) use social networks

• Facebook is the most used social network despite competition • Instagram is the fastest growing social network (among Anglophones) • Francophones are more likely to use traditional forms of radio and TV has a greater

stability in the French market.

mtm-otm.ca

4.5. News Media and Government Engagement

Privy Council Office funded EKOS study

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• Canadians typically get their news from a national vs. a local source. • Canadians are active users of social media. • New Canadians are active users of streaming services vs traditional television, and

spend more time online than other segments of the population. • Ads or notices in the media are Canadians’ preferred way to get information from the

government. • Canadians follow political and governmental affairs through a variety of mediums (TV,

newspapers, radio, and internet). Rethinking Citizen Engagement, EKOS Research Associates Inc. (2017)

4.6. 2019 Edelman Trust Barometer Edelman conducts an annual trust and credibility survey, producing the world’s most robust exploration of trust in business, government, NGOs and media. The 2019 online survey sampled more than 33,000 respondents across 27 global markets.

Key Canadian Findings • 53% of Canadians trust their government to do what is right. This number jumps to 74%

among the Informed Public. • Only 34% of the General Population in Canada believes that they will be better off 5 years

from now. • Canadians increasingly trust owned media channels, while social media is still the least trusted

media. 2019 Edelman Trust Barometer

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 A coordinated approach is required to make sure there is a strong issues management in place between Communications and stakeholders for 2021.

 Products to mitigate problems with condo and strata access need to be developed.

 Third language products can be prepared to help messaging reach all respondents.

KEY TAKEAWAYS

STRATEGIC GAP ANALYSIS This section contains an analysis of the gaps in the 2016 Integrated Communication Strategy supporting collection.

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Strategic gap analysis

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5. Strategic gap analysis The table below outlines some of the key observations/issues derived from environmental considerations, and primary and secondary research. These issues are addressed in the overall strategy.

Issue Description Discussion Strategic consideration Global Affairs Canada (GAC)/“circular note” for Foreign Embassies in Canada wasn’t anticipated in 2016.

GAC requested a circular note, which had been done in previous censuses. Working with the Production and logistics team, the 2011 content was updated and sent to GAC for posting on their website. Calls were also received regarding the Embassy Kit that is sent to Foreign Embassies.

Similar requests for circular notes and the Embassy Kit should be expected and prepared for in 2021.

Anticipate this request for 2021 and be prepared to provide an updated versions of those products to GAC.

Corrections Canada/Memo to Wardens

In 2016 the Memo to Wardens was not sent until after enumerators began approaching correctional facilities.

Start communicating with Corrections Canada in February of 2021.

3rd Language posters

Compounding the Condo and Strata issue-- no third language products were developed so, in some cases, residents did not understand the messaging even after it was delivered

Third language messaging should be available to Crew Leaders upon request so that messaging can be understood in regions where there is a high prevalence of third language speakers.

3rd Language posters can be made available (on a by-request basis) in the regions to assist with collection. In addition, CHL information can be added to visitation cards.

Condo boards and Strata

Secure buildings have become more prevalent. Building managers and security personnel do not understand that Enumerators and Crew Leaders have the right to request access. In 2016 buildings were not able to be listed promptly and access to deliver notices was repeatedly denied to field staff.

There was limited proactive outreach in 2016 and no specific products were developed to communicate with condo and strata associations.

Early PR activities are needed to inform Condo boards that the census will be happening and that they are required to let enumerators in.

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Segmentation 8 segments were created for the 2016 Census of Population.

Census Comm has leveraged primary research about respondent behavior to identify 88 respondent clusters and grouped those into 12 meta- clusters.

Internal Communications

Internal Communications in 2016 included a “100 days to go” kick-off event and other awareness style activities.

Awareness does not equal action. One activity that helped create a lot of buzz and excitement in 2016 was the Census Selfie campaign. Rather than just generating awareness this activity allowed staff to participate in generating buzz around the census.

In 2021 rather than focusing solely on awareness-based activities, Census COMMS will focus on encouraging staff to become outreach officers by extension.

Require better process for vetting the associations list.

In 2016 associations were vetted by OID rather than Census COMMS.

A clear process for creating and maintaining lists of associations in needed.

Outreach staff in Census COMMS will vet and review associations to be contacted for outreach.

Efficient and clear issues management

There needs to be a clear process in place when issues arise during operations in 2021.

Census Communications will work with all its stakeholders in the other sub-projects to prepare clear workflows to follow in the case of unexpected issues that may arise during the 2021 Census.

Alternate format products

In 2016 alternate formats of the questionnaire were made available. Despite this many respondents wrote to Respondent Relations complaining about difficulty filling out the questionnaire (for instance the print was too small)

Even though the products were available, respondents weren’t aware they existed.

There will be a communications plan developed for the promotion of alternate formats for 2021.

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Objectives and target audiences

RESEARCH

Abstract

Increase response- especially amongst specific target audiences.

Promote the online response option.

Cross leverage segmentation analysis, messaging approach and outreach activities.

KEY TAKEAWAYS

OBJECTIVES, MESSAGING AND TARGET AUDIENCES

This section provides an overview of Census Communications’ operating assumptions, strategy objectives, and target audiences.

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6. Objectives

6.1. Campaign objectives

Key campaign objectives  Increase awareness to the 2021 Census  Increase self-response through online collection  Influence behaviours to increase self-response rates by urging households to

complete and return a census questionnaire in May 2021  Increase participation for groups that have traditionally been difficult to

enumerate.  Increase awareness that Statistics Canada and, by extension, the

Government of Canada is committed to protecting the personal information of all Canadians.

6.2. Measurable objectives The overall effectiveness of the 2021 Census Integrated Communications Strategy will be measured as follows:

General objectives  Increase awareness of the Census of Population  Increase self-response through the online questionnaire  Increase awareness that Statistics Canada is committed to protecting the

personal information of all Canadians

Specific objectives  Each of the 12 meta cluster audiences identified as part of segmentation will

be assigned an expected response target  Successfully promote and widely distribute outreach materials such as the

Community Supporter Toolkit

7 Target audiences

7.1. Behavioral segmentation The 2021 Census Integrated Communications Strategy will use behavioral segmentation to guide the development of promotional tactics aimed at eliciting maximum self-response. Behavioral analysis will be based on cumulative self-response rates observed on May 30, 2016. It will set a clear demarcation between:

 Easier-to-enumerate audiences (accounting for 80% of the census population)  Harder-to-enumerate audiences (the remaining 20%)

A key date

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Cumulative self-response rates for Internet, mail and call-centre reached 80% around May 30, 2016. Hard-to-enumerate audiences will include households who either responded after the May 30th date or required involvement from a field enumerator. This date will also be used to define the timing of key promotional activities in 2021, as well as outreach activities.

This behavioral information will be provided in a series of maps covering the entire country, depicting areas— crew leader districts—where response rate is in excess of 80%. Key socio-demographic characteristics for easy-to-enumerate populations will be provided so that they can be mapped out against media consumer profiles, such as the ones provided by external research houses.

7.2. Changes between 2016 approach and 2021 Element 2016 2021

Methodology • Segmentation was based on cumulative self-response rates on June 2, 2011

• Hard-to-count (HTC) scores calculated based on 16 variables

• Geographic clusters with defined sociodemographic characteristics were identified

• Municipal influence zones (MIZ) used to regroup areas with similar characteristics and behaviours

• R-studio method chooses variables that best predict respondent behaviour on May 19, 2016

Defined segments

• 8 clusters were identified, and augmented with Environics data

• 88 clusters and 12 meta clusters defined based on response behaviour

• Meta clusters and exceptional clusters profiles to be augmented by Environics data

Tactical use of segmentation

• HTC audiences and clusters informed ICS activities

• Maps illustrated hard to enumerate audiences

• At least one persona was developed for each cluster

• Profiles will be leveraged for collection and recruitment activities

• Geomatics tool being developed will encompass clusters and meta clusters

• Personas will be created based on meta cluster data

7.3. Response objectives 8. Segment the Canadian population based on demographic, geographical,

behavioural and attitudinal factors.  Achieve a 66% response rate via electronic questionnaire by May 17th.  Identify easy and hard to enumerate audiences

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 Leverage these defined segments to optimize Census communication collection and recruitment strategies and engage the Canadian population effectively.

7.4. Cluster profiles An additional cluster analysis will be conducted on the demographic, housing and socioeconomic variables used to calculate the HTC scores. From this analysis, mutually exclusive geographic clusters of the population have been identified. The characteristics of each cluster have been augmented with other data set to improvement alignment of communication activities. The chart below outlines important demographic traits that are likely to describe persons in each meta cluster.

7.5. Cluster profiles: behavioral and media skew assumptions

Approach

• An Environics Analytics contract was obtained so Census Communications can obtain reports on current behavioral and lifestyle data for target audiences.

• Environics will conduct an alignment activity to reconcile Census COMM internal segmentation with their 68 Prizm profiles.

• Media consumption and lifestyle habits identified by Environics Prizm data will be applied to cluster profiles to inform and enhance advertising and outreach activities.

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7.6. User Personas To assist with proper alignment of all communication activities, user personas will be developed for each meta-cluster. The goal is to develop one or many narratives for each meta-cluster persona to help define how they would come across elements of census messaging. User Personas

• Fictional characters created to portray realistic representations of the key audience segments • Personas give a clear picture of the user’s expectations and interaction points with brand messaging and aid in

creating effective communications strategies based on interaction points

Considerations Knowledge  About the census and its purpose  Impacts of the census on communities  Legal obligations of citizen vis-à-vis the census  The ‘when’, ‘where’ and ‘how’ of self-response

Attitudes and beliefs  Civic duty to complete census questionnaire  Big brother/snooping by national/foreign agencies  Data security  Cost associated with conducting the census

Disabling factors  Literacy  Foreign language  Time constraint

Needing to look for information Benefits  Sense of duty accomplished  Doing something for the community  Sense of belonging  The idea that completing the Census is part of “Being Canadian”

Example: Anne

User persona – meta cluster 2 Demographics

• Anne is 67 years old • She earns $40, 000 annually • She has high school-level education • She is retired • She lives by himself in an apartment in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan

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Reaching audiences effectively- meta cluster 2 Phase 1: Awareness (April 19 – May 2, 2021)

• Sees an ad during a TV show, on national programming • Hears an ad in a golden oldies radio station

Phase 2: Call-to-action (May 3 – May 18, 2021) • Sees census outreach materials around her neighbourhood • Reads a blurb on the census in the summer booklet from her community centre

Phase 3: Reminder (After May 19, 2021) • Continues to see census ads on TV • Receives an email from her pension reminding their members to complete the census • Notices census posters in the bulletin board of her community centre

On May 22, Anne decides to complete her census questionnaire online.

Interests • Heavy traditional media user • Part of a neighbourhood walking club • Attends aquatics classes at the community centre

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7.7. PLACEHOLDER Mapping Tool A mapping tool will be developed to enhance the Census Communications team’s ability to support field operations for both collection and recruitment activities (see the ICS-Recruitment for more information on the recruitment strategy).

8. Key messages

8.1. Messaging approach Messaging for the 2021 Census of Population will follow a multi-level approach underwritten by Census Communications’ audience segmentation. This model demonstrates the interaction between the messaging approach and segmentation:

Messages will be developed in consideration of the elements stated below:

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Direct tone, straightforward messages that:

 Capture the attention of the targeted audiences and have an immediate impact  Have a strong call to action  Explain to respondents that completing the census impacts their community  Plain language

Using direct messaging, campaign activities will

 Let target audiences know that:  The census will be taking place shortly  Let target audiences know that Statistics Canada protects the confidentiality of their information

 Raise immediate awareness to the when, where and how to complete the census Tone, voice, approach and language

 The 2021 campaign will use a tone that:  Motivates Canadians to self-respond  Encourages Canadians to respond online  Is informative but firm (the census is not only important but also mandatory)

8.2. Broad key messages

 Census benefits Canadians through the transformation of their communities  Completing the census online is fast and easy  The census is mandatory

8.3. Phased approach to messaging There will be 3 phases to messaging in support of the 2021 Census:

Awareness phase: April 19 to May 2, 2021  In early May you will be receiving your census in the mail  Completing the census online will be fast and easy  By completing your census you will help transform your community

Call-to-action phase: May 3 to May 18, 2021  Go online now and complete your census  Completing the census online will be fast and easy  By completing your census you are helping transform your community

Reminder phase: after May 19, 2021  Completing the census is mandatory

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9. Campaign strategies

9.1. Key strategies The communications strategy for the 2021 Census will consist of an integrated social marketing campaign and activities designed specifically to raise awareness and encourage self-response.

Key strategies

 The promotional campaign will use audience segmentation analysis to define the best messages and channels.

 The campaign will leverage multiple communications channel approach while maximizing message cohesiveness and reach.

 Emphasis will be placed on PR and outreach activities when promoting the importance of the census among hard-to-enumerate audiences.

9.2. ICS Main Channels The campaign will leverage several marketing disciplines across five main channels.

9.3. Strategic alignment of earned, owned and paid media The alignment of all communication activities across the spectrum of paid, earned and owned media will increase message cohesiveness and effectiveness.

2021 ICS

Earned Media

PR & Outreach

Paid Media

Owned Media

Media Relations

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Paid

Owned

Earned

Print, Television, Radio, Out-of-home, Banners, Direct mail, Digital SEM/Paid

Brochure, Census website, Web communities (e.g. LinkedIn group), Posters

Word of mouth, Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Content marketing editorial segments, Media events

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Alignment consideration will take into account:

 Timing of communication activities  Targeted audience  Portability of content across messaging platforms

The cornerstone for alignment will be the ongoing maintenance and dissemination of an editorial calendar.

10. Planning Assumptions

ICS Component Planning assumptions Paid media o Census Communications will purchase advertising in the following mediums:

Television, radio, digital, newspaper, social media platforms, Out-of-Home o Purchasing decisions to support collection will be based on the prioritization of

designated geographical and/or demographic areas where collection support is both needed and likely to result in a return on investment (i.e. increased response rate, increase use of the online questionnaire)

Owned media o Leverage the owned media at our disposal: Census website, Teachers’ Kit, Print products, Q & As, Community Supporter Toolkit, Snapshot Toolkit, Small Business Hub, Adult Education Kit, Condo and Strata Toolkit

Earned media o Leverage organic Social Media, articles, radio reads, and TV segments as well as promote the Community Supporter Toolkit

o New content marketing articles will be written for use across multiple platforms, and previous articles re-used if still applicable

PR, Outreach & Events o Communication Managers in each Regional Census Centres will start in April 2020, and will develop a tailored comprehensive outreach plan

o Outreach Officers will continue to follow a multi-step outreach process more streamlined than2016.

o Partnerships will be established with other federal departments o Engagement with community organizations will be done by numerous staff in an

organized manner, with roles and responsibilities clearly outlined o Large scale and national partnerships established during non-census years, will

be spearheaded by Census COMM in Ottawa

Media Relations o Census COMM will engage in partnerships with media sources o Census COMM will employ the tiered spokespersons approach used for the 2021

Census

11. Advertising plan The highly successful branding from the 2016 Census of Population may be maintained and leveraged in 2021 (this will be determined in collaboration with the Agency of Record and the creative agency contracted to execute the campaign. A nation-wide media strategy, the advertising campaign for the 2021 Census of Population Program, will deploy effective products to support collection activities. The campaign is part of a comprehensive communication program that will inform Canadians that the census is important, relevant, and secure. It will prompt households to complete their questionnaire, with a focus on online response.

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The advertising strategy is meant to support the wave model – a successful collection methodology that was introduced for the 2011 Census. The media strategy will be synchronised with the methodology used to communicate directly with Canadian households.

Wave Methodology Media Strategy Pre-Census Wave I Wave II Wave III Wave IV

April 2021 Initial information package for all households (May 2) Reminder letter/card for households that have not yet returned a census questionnaire (May 10) Follow-up letter and paper questionnaire for non- responding households (May 18) Non-response follow-up which could include telephone calls or personal visits to each non- responding household (June 1)

 National advertising to set the stage for collection activities.  Create awareness before the census.  Encourage online response.  Use mass media for maximum reach.

 Create awareness at the start of the census.  Use mass media for maximum reach.

 Final presence in mass media following the initial

awareness period.  Messages will underscore the importance of

completing the questionnaire online.  Encourage those who have not yet returned the

completed questionnaire to do so.  Messages will be adapted to audience segments.

 Encourage those who have not yet returned the

completed questionnaire to do so.  Messages will be adapted to audience segments.

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12. Outreach and engagement A multi-step process will be developed, clearly outlining how activities are to be executed by census outreach officers in both the national capital region and in the Regions. Outreach officers will build and maintain an extensive list of municipalities and community based organizations that will be used for targeted outreach activities. An online interactive Community Supporter Toolkit (CST) will be created to help facilitate outreach activities and provide a one-stop shop for municipalities and organizations. They will have access to tools and resources to promote census job opportunities, as well as promote the timely completion of the census during collection. Additional toolkits, the Teachers’ Kit and the Adult Education Kit, will be updated, reworked and made available for teachers and other key stakeholders in order to help familiarise Canadians of all ages with the census in a fun and interactive way. While at the same time, putting emphasis on data privacy and Statistics Canada’s mandate to protect personal information. Partnerships will be developed with Federal departments including but not limited to: Service Canada; Employment and Skills Development Canada; and Immigration, Refugees, and Citizenship Canada. These partnerships will be leveraged in a variety of ways. For example: videos can be made available to Service Canada to promote recruitment or EE depending on location. Immigration, Refugees, and Citizenship Canada will be provided with documents to provide to new immigrants. Federal partnerships will be sought out according to a phased approach to ensure that relevant departments can be involved in support of early enumeration and recruitment. Outreach activities will be prioritized to specifically target organizations, whose constituencies are amongst the hard-to-count. The following matrix was employed in 2016 and will be taken into consideration again in 2021. However prioritization will also consider insights provided by a partnership with Environics Analytics and corporate data analysed through the use of the ESRI mapping tool; as a result stakeholder mapping will be comprehensive in order to align outreach tactics with audience targeting.

High HL (HIGH relevance – LOW willingness) Organizations which did not promote the census in 2016, but whose constituencies will be targeted expressly by outreach activities in 2021

HH (HIGH relevance – HIGH willingness) Organizations which promoted the census in 2016 and/or signified an interest for 2021, and whose constituencies will be targeted by outreach activities in 2021

Low LL (LOW relevance – LOW willingness) Organizations which did not promote the census in 2016, whose constituencies will not be targeted by outreach activities

LH (LOW relevance – HIGH willingness) Organizations which promoted the census in 2016, but whose constituencies will not be targeted by outreach activities in 2021

Low High

WILLINGNESS

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Finally, all outreach officers will be trained to leverage Statistics Canada’s ESRI mapping portal to keep track of the engagement process and, perhaps more importantly, to quantify the reach of the tactics that will be executed by community supporters.

12.1. Community Supporter Toolkit Outreach officers will contacting organizations, who will be asked to support their respective communities by promoting the benefits of the census. An HTML version of this toolkit as well as an accessible PDF will be made available on the census website so that all interested associations and community based organizations, can access tools and resources to promote census job opportunities, as well as promote the timely completion of the census. For example the CST will contain products for stakeholders to use on their social media platforms. More than 3,500 associations and community-based organizations (CBOs) were contacted in 2016; nearly 600 of those organizations used the social media calendar in support of census awareness. This will continue to be a key tactic in 2021. In accordance with the newly developed Strategy for Modernization and Branding, the Community Supporter Toolkit— as well as all other toolkits—will be used a vehicle for the census brand. The creative approach developed for the 2021 Census of Population, as well as the theme developed for Indigenous and Northern Communities will be incorporated into the look and feel of the toolkit.

13. Tactics

Tactical issues The table below lists some of the tactical issues that will influence the development of each communication activity. TABLE 14 Key Tactical Issue Description, Discussion and related Considerations

Issue Description Discussion Tactical consideration Paid, Owned and Earned Media Social Media Partnerships

Ensure message cohesiveness across paid, owned and earned media platforms A social media plan is required for leveraging earned media platforms Better documentation of partner activities for post- census evaluation

This standard communication practice offers opportunities for cost savings The 2021 Census will make greater use of Social Media to increase traction of earned content. Detailed information on partnership agreements is required to accurately assess the benefits gained from such agreements

Repurpose content designed for paid media for use on earned and owned media platforms Allocate resources accordingly Use StatCan’s new Client Response Management System (CRMS) to capture more information on partnership activities.

Key recommendations

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1. Harmonize paid, owned and earned media activities to enhance messaging cohesiveness and increase cost effectiveness.

2. Develop a social media plan to increase earned media for the 2021 Census. 3. Target partners effectively for harder-to-enumerate audiences, while

documenting their activities in the CRMS.

Tactics by ICS component

Component Tactics Paid media  Television

 Radio  Standard print ads  Non-traditional print ads  Transit shelter ads (TSAs)  Out-of-home (OOH)  Digital  Search engine  Social media

Owned media  Census website  Teachers’ Kit  Adult Education Kit  Community Snapshot Toolkit  Small Business Hub  Census Game  Community Supporter Toolkit  Factsheets  Email messaging  Posters

Earned media  Social Media  Content marketing, print, radio and video

PR & Outreach  Execution of a multi-step proactive outreach process  Engagement with Services Canada  Engagement with Citizenship and Immigration Canada  Engagement with Health Canada  Engagement with other departments.

Events  Media events

Real-time monitoring and adjustment of tactics Census Communications will have access to real-time data, which will be used, as required, to realign certain outreach and public relations tactics in areas that are not responding as well as expected.

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8 Blocking Charts 8.1 PLACEHOLDER-Paid media calendar

8.2 PLACEHOLDER- Organic social media calendar

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9 Expected outcomes The campaign is expected to raise awareness among Canadians about the census and the importance of their participation. It is also expected that the audience will use the information to take action and respond in a timely manner. These outcomes will be validated using the measurable objectives defined in Section 6.2.

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10 Evaluation A Key Performance Indicator (KPI) framework has been developed to guide the performance indicators of all communications activities for the 2021 Census of population.

10.1 Big Picture KPIs TABLE 18 Big Picture KPIs

KPI Description Discussion Temporal breakdown of campaign costs against observed rates Incremental response based on temporal analysis Increase in online response

The campaign costs broken down week-to- week against the number of completed census forms Identify the dates where critical benchmarks (e.g. 25%, 50%, 75%, 80%, 85%) were achieved Overall online response rate

The ROI analysis for the advertising in all stages of the campaign. The 80% response rate benchmark was achieved on May 30, 2016. The goal for 2021 is to reach this benchmark sooner. An increase in online response rate will result in direct costs savings. The objective for 2021 is to increase overall response rate via online to XX%.

10.2 Other Evaluation Criteria Evaluations will include but not be limited to the following:  Analysis of response rates  Maximize high-quality response by reducing FEFU and incomplete questionnaires  Web traffic/referral statistics  Recall rate and other evaluation results based on post-campaign evaluation using the Advertising

Campaign Evaluation Tool  Media and blog coverage analysis (unsolicited feature stories)  Review of outreach activities with stakeholders  Review of proposed partnerships  Public opinion research before and after the campaign  ACET recall rate

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Annex 1—Secondary research: works consulted The following resources have been reviewed to support the articulation of the Integrated Communications Strategy.

1.1 Corporate Social Performance Why are job seekers attracted by Corporate Social Performance?

 Corporate Social Performance (CSP) is demonstrated through an organization’s apparent community involvement or other activities that show genuine care and concern for the wellbeing of others.

 There are three signal-based mechanisms that affect organizational attractiveness: anticipated pride or prestige associated with an organization, perceived value fit, and expected treatment.

o Both companies and applicants increasingly turn to websites as sources of recruitment information

o CSP sends signals that inform job seekers of the anticipated pride they will have in their jobs, the value fit, and how they will be treated

o CSP becomes less effective when job seekers attribute it to disingenuous motives

Source: Why are job seekers attracted by Corporate Social Performance? Experimental and field tests of three signal-based mechanisms, Jones et al. (2014)

1.2 Canadian Forces “Fight” Recruitment Campaign Fight Distress, Fight Fear, Fight Chaos—Fight with the Canadian Forces

 In 2001 the Canadian Forces identified recruitment as one of its top priorities, but it faced some obstacles the foremost of which was that young Canadians (aged 15-24) and adults over 25 indicated that viewed the Canadian Forces as a less- than-ideal place to work.

 With this in mind, they began doing research for the “Fight” campaign with the understanding that recruitment campaigns were one of the primary ways that Canadians viewed their military and therefore directly linked to the Canadian Forces “brand”.

 Forty-two focus groups were conducted with a total of more than 300 Canadians participating.

 The groups determined that the Canadian Forces’ brand: o was not clearly defined o had different meanings depending on viewership o was not honest or “real” enough in its portrayal of the actual jobs in the

Canadian Forces  The Canadian Forces used this feedback to develop an award-winning, successful

recruitment campaign “Fight Distress, Fight Fear, Fight Chaos—Fight with the Canadian Forces”

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 The campaign featured simulated real-world scenarios of Canadian Forces members helping during natural disasters and other military scenarios. It invited viewers to identify with the action onscreen and, further, to imagine the self- transformation they could achieve by joining the Canadian Forces.

 A key factor to the success of this campaign is that it understood that Canadians envision their military as primarily “helpers” administering aid, rather than an overtly aggressive force. The branding throughout the campaign was careful to respect those values.

 By the end of the campaign they had gone from not having enough applicants to having to turn recruits away.

Source: Fighting Change: Representing the Canadian Forces in the 2006–2008 Fight Recruitment Campaign, Canadian Journal of Communication, Goldie, J.L 2014

1.3 The Shattered Mirror The Shattered Mirror: News Democracy and Trust in the Digital Age

• A report by the Public Policy Forum on news media and advertising in Canada • The Public Policy Forum is a non-partisan, member-based organization. They operate

with the purpose of improving policy outcomes for Canadians. Their report is based on consultations with Canadians, academics, and stakeholders from across the country. Key findings include:

o The CBC’s French and English news sites, Canada’s most visited, attract 15 million people in a typical month.

o Facebook says it has 17 million active users in Canada every day. o The prevalence of local news outlets across the country is declining o A 2014 survey found that “Canada’s ethnic consumers spend comparatively less

time interacting with traditional media sources particularly cable television, and more time consuming content through online video sites, such as YouTube and Netflix.”

• New Canadians spend, on average, 20 percent more time online than other segments of the population.

Source: The Shattered Mirror: News Democracy and Trust in the Digital Age, Public Policy Forum (2017) Source: Rethinking Citizen Engagement, EKOS Research Associates Inc. (2017)

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1.4 News media and government engagement Privy Council Office funded EKOS study

• Canadians typically get their news from a national vs. a local source. • Canadians are active users of social media. • New Canadians are active users of streaming services vs traditional television, and

spend more time online than other segments of the population. • Ads or notices in the media are Canadians’ preferred way to get information from the

government. • Canadians follow political and governmental affairs through a variety of mediums (TV,

newspapers, radio, and internet). Source: Rethinking Citizen Engagement, EKOS Research Associates Inc. (2017)

1.5 Attention span Consumer Insights

• The Canadian attention span has declined since 2000. • On average, 19% of online viewers defect in the first 10 seconds. • Consumers have become better at processing and encoding information through short

bursts of high attention. • Canadians are more likely to pay attention to communications when they’re delivered

in the right context, at the right time. • 75% of Canadians use multiple screens at once. • Attention is task-dependent • There are different types of attention: focused and transient • ‘Skimming’ is becoming a dominant form of reading • Not all communication requires focus: people can process content unconsciously • Exposure to information—even repeated—does not mean it has influence • Emotion creates a higher likelihood of recall.

Source: Consumer Insights. Microsoft Canada 2015; Galloway, C. “blink and they’re gone: PR and the battle for attention” Public Relations Review 43 (5) 2017

2. Further Reading Other sources were consulted for the purposes of drafting this strategy. Further reading on these topics can be found in the Census Communications research repository.

 CBAMS III: A US Census Bureau report  Inside the Nudge Unit by David Halpern  Relevance Theory by Dan Sperber and Deirdre Wilson

Communication plan National Consultation Day

Purpose The purpose of this plan is to establish a communication strategy for Statistics Canada’s National Consultation Day scheduled for xxxxx. Background The Government of Canada has launched a national consultation on digital and data transformation in order to better understand how Canada can drive innovation, prepare Canadians for the future of work and ensure they have trust and confidence in how their data are used. As part of this national consultation, Statistics Canada is consulting on its modernization strategy to meet the data and statistical needs of a data-driven society. The foundation of this strategy, the future national statistical system, includes five pillars that are based on Statistics Canada’s traditional values. These pillars are: user-centric service delivery; sharing and collaboration; leading-edge methods and data integration; statistical leadership and capacity building; and a modern workforce and flexible workplace. Over the past year, the Chief Statistician has undertaken consultation roundtables on modernization. Statistics Canada representatives have been engaging with the stakeholder community to better understand their data needs and share the Agency’s modernization plans. On xxxx, Statistics Canada will host a National Consultation Day with online consultations, WebEx forums, teleconferences and roundtable discussions in cities across Canada with business, academia, citizens and others on this vision. Because there is strength in diversity, these roundtables will include women, Indigenous peoples and other under-represented groups. All Canadians will be invited to have their voices heard on Statistics Canada’s modernization vision, its programs, products and services as well as their ideas on how to advance Canada’s competitiveness through the digital economy. Communication objectives

1. Inform Canadians about Statistics Canada’s vision for a modernized national statistical system. 2. Seek Canadians and stakeholder reaction to the modernization vision and respond to any

reactions. 3. Reassure Canadians about the continued protection of their information. 4. Inform stakeholders and Canadians of the benefits of using administrative data and having

access to high-quality data in useable, understandable formats.

Audiences External

• Canadians • Media • Academia • Business • Government departments

Strategic considerations

Statistics Canada has a long-standing reputation of safeguarding information and protecting the privacy rights of Canadians through its statistical programs. The new vision, increased use of administrative and big data and a whole-of-government approach, may raise questions or concerns by Canadians and stakeholders. Statistics Canada has been acquiring and using administrative data and transactional information in its statistical programs for several years. As part of its modernization agenda it will increase the use of administrative information to produce high quality information while reducing the burden on Canadians. The Government of Canada is leveraging Statistics Canada’s long-standing expertise as a data steward. Statistics Canada will play a leading role in identifying and facilitating the sharing and integration of data. In partnership with the Privacy Commissioner and central agencies, Statistics Canada will develop standards and guidelines to ensure the confidentiality and privacy requirements for data holdings are met. Communication strategy The communication approach will be proactive and high profile. Statistics Canada will respond to all enquiries. Key messages

• Data and the digital economy are rapidly driving innovation and creating economic and social benefits across Canada and around the world.

• A modernized Statistics Canada, working with partners and stakeholders, firmly positions data at the core of innovation, while ensuring that privacy and the equality of opportunity remain paramount.

• Through a modernized Statistics Canada, high-quality data are available in usable and understandable formats.

• These data break down information gaps, enabling the sharing of ideas that raise productivity, increase standards of living and foster social inclusion.

• The use of administrative information is at the forefront of leading-edge statistical methods. It is a practice used by most national statistical offices.

Expected results

1. Canadians understand the benefits of Statistics Canada’s modernization agenda as well as the Agency’s programs, products and services.

2. Statistics Canada better understands the data priorities and data gaps of, and partnership opportunities with, its stakeholder community.

3. Statistics Canada identifies challenges and opportunities to increase partnerships with government departments, academia, the private and non-profit sectors to access administrative data sources and improve data literacy.

4. Statistics Canada continues to acquire and use administrative data as part of its operations without attracting negative attention from Canadians or media.

Evaluation

• The National Consultation Day will be evaluated through:

o feedback from the participants of the roundtable discussions, teleconferences and WebEx forum;

o online consultation survey; o social media comments; o media coverage.

План коммуникации Национального дня консультаций

Цель Целью этого плана является разработка коммуникационной стратегии для Национального дня консультаций Статистического управления Канады, запланированного на ххххх. Справочная информация Правительство Канады запустило национальную консультацию по цифровой трансформации и преобразованию данных, чтобы лучше понять, как Канада может стимулировать инновации, подготовить канадцев к будущей работе и обеспечить их доверие и уверенность в том, как используются их данные. В рамках этой национальной консультации Статистическое управление Канады проводит консультации по своей стратегии модернизации для удовлетворения потребностей в данных и статистике общества, ориентированного на данные. Основа этой стратегии – будущая национальная статистическая система – включает пять направлений, основанных на традиционных ценностях Статистического управления Канады. Эти направления включают: ориентированное на пользователя предоставление услуг; совместное использование и сотрудничество; передовые методы и интеграция данных; статистическое лидерство и наращивание потенциала; а также современная рабочая сила и гибкое рабочее место. За последний год главный статистик провел консультационные круглые столы по вопросам модернизации. Представители Статистического управления Канады взаимодействовали с сообществом заинтересованных сторон, чтобы лучше понять их потребности в данных и поделиться планами ведомства по модернизации. Хххх (дата) Статистическое управление Канады проведет Национальный день консультаций в виде онлайн-консультаций, форумов WebEx, телеконференций и дискуссий за круглым столом в городах по всей Канаде с деловыми кругами, учеными, гражданами и иными лицами. Поскольку разнообразие является преимуществом, круглые столы пройдут с участием женщин, коренных народов и других недостаточно представленных групп. Всем канадцам представляется возможность поделиться своим мнением о видении модернизации Статистического управления Канады, его программах, продуктах и услугах, а также идеями о том, как повысить конкурентоспособность Канады с помощью цифровой экономики. Задачи коммуникации

1. Информировать канадцев о видении Статистического управления Канады по модернизированной национальной статистической системе.

2. Узнать мнение канадцев и заинтересованных сторон по поводу видения модернизации и дать отклики на любую реакцию с их стороны.

3. Заверить канадцев в постоянной защите их информации.

4. Информировать заинтересованные стороны и канадцев о преимуществах использования административных данных и доступа к высококачественным данным в удобных и понятных форматах.

Аудитория Внешняя

• Канадцы • СМИ • Научное сообщество • Бизнес • Государственные органы

Стратегические соображения

Статистическое управление Канады имеет давнюю репутацию в области защиты информации и защиты прав канадцев на неприкосновенность частной жизни с помощью своих статистических программ. Новое видение, более широкое использование административных и больших данных, а также всеправительственный подход могут вызвать вопросы или озабоченность у канадцев и заинтересованных сторон. Статистическое управление Канады собирает и использует административные данные и информацию о транзакциях в своих статистических программах в течение нескольких лет. В рамках своей программы модернизации ведомство расширит использование административной информации для формирования высококачественной информации при одновременном снижении нагрузки на канадцев. Правительство Канады использует многолетний опыт Статистического управления Канады в качестве администратора данных. Статистическое управление Канады будет играть ведущую роль в выявлении и облегчении обмена данными и их интеграции. В сотрудничестве с Комиссаром по вопросам конфиденциальности и центральными агентствами Статистическое управление Канады разработает стандарты и руководящие принципы для обеспечения соблюдения требований конфиденциальности и приватности для хранящихся данных. Коммуникационная стратегия Подход к коммуникации будет дальновидным и социально значимым. Статистическое управление Канады будет отвечать на все запросы. Ключевые идеи:

• Данные и цифровая экономика быстро стимулируют инновации и создают экономические и социальные выгоды в Канаде и во всем мире.

• Модернизированное Статистическое управление Канады, работая с партнерами и

заинтересованными сторонами, твердо ставит данные в основу инноваций, обеспечивая при этом первостепенное значение конфиденциальности и равенству возможностей.

• Через модернизированное Статистическое управление Канады высококачественные данные доступны в удобных и понятных форматах.

• Эти данные устраняют информационные пробелы, позволяя обмениваться идеями, которые повышают производительность, повышают уровень жизни и способствуют социальной интеграции.

• Использование административной информации находится в авангарде передовых

статистических методов. Это практика, используемая большинством национальных статистических управлений.

Ожидаемые результаты

1. Канадцы понимают преимущества повестки дня модернизации Статистического управления Канады, а также его программ, продуктов и услуг.

2. Статистическое управление Канады лучше понимает приоритеты данных и пробелы в данных, а также возможности партнерства с сообществом заинтересованных сторон.

3. Статистическое управление Канады определяет вызовы и возможности для расширения партнерских отношений с государственными органами, научным сообществом, частным и некоммерческим секторами для доступа к источникам административных данных и повышения информационной грамотности.

4. Статистическое управление Канады продолжает собирать и использовать административные данные в рамках своей деятельности, не привлекая негативного внимания со стороны канадцев или средств массовой информации.

Оценка

• Оценка Национального дня консультация будет проводиться при помощи:

o отзывов участников круглых столов, телеконференций и форума WebEx; o обследования онлайн-консультаций; o комментариев в социальных сетях; o освещения в СМИ.

Building a Hybrid Work Environment Supriya Edwards

Statistics Canada

Statistics Canada modernization journey Significant pre-pandemic investments successfully put in place a foundation for transformation with increased collaboration and innovation through modern tools, technology, and workspaces, attracting diverse talent, and increased timely and in-depth outputs for Canadians. The pandemic provided an unprecedented window of opportunity to advance StatCan’s modernization journey and reshape the future of our work to provide greater value to Canadians.

Increased national presence Improve service to Canadians through a better understanding of the varying regional needs and enable more effective engagement with partners from coast to coast.

Optimize productivity of employees Increased focus on results through empowerment, rather than physical presence in a given office, resulting in a happier, healthier and more impactful workforce.

Highly competitive labour market through a national hiring strategy and provision of a modern, flexible and more attractive and inclusive work environment, equally contributing to a more diverse workforce.

Strengthening recruitment and retentionReduced physical space requirements Cost savings, efficiencies and a reduced environmental footprint as a result of relinquishing nearly 40% of our current physical building space at our Headquarter complex.

Canada’s population is aging and growing more diverse The racialized population in Canada is growing and will continue to grow

+

+

+

0.2% 2.9% 1.7%

Observed (1981 to 2016) and projected (2021 to 2041) number and proportion of the racialized population in Canada

Projected percentage increase in the Indigenous population, 2020 to 2040

Sources: Statistics Canada, Census of Population, 1981 to 2006 and 2016, National Household Survey, 2011; Population projections on immigration and diversity for Canada and its regions, 2016 to 2041.

Male + Female +

Age and gender pyramid, Canada, 2021

Percentage of Canadians

The Indigenous population is young and growing

Moving towards a hybrid work model

• Maximizing our value proposition to Canadians through both virtual and onsite work as complimentary to one another.

• Increased in-person collaboration, while keeping some flexibility and increased autonomy afforded by remote work.

• A cohesive culture that prioritizes collaboration, engagement and organization values. • Further strengthen and leverage our diversity while addressing barriers to meaningful

inclusion.

Guiding principles to a hybrid work environment

Trust Trust that employees and teams will achieve expected results in a

manner that meets organizational objectives and

timelines.

Empowerment Empower managers and teams

to determine which activities are most effectively and efficiently achieved onsite based on the

nature of the activity and intended outcome.

Equity Equity in making sure employees are treated equitably and fairly in decisions, given their specific circumstances, with a view to creating diverse and inclusive

workplaces/teams.

Accountability Accountability for results based on

clear objectives and direction, performance management,

provision of regular feedback through coaching and support towards the achievement of

results.

A hybrid workplace is one in which, on any given day, there will be a mixture of employees teleworking from across Canada and working onsite at their designated worksite location.

Measuring success in a hybrid work model

 Statistics Canada continues to leverage data to drive people management.

 Transition to a hybrid work model heightens the need for quality data, both quantitative and qualitative, to drive organizational decision-making.

 Data-driven experimentation and a culture of intelligent risk-taking will be critical to answering key questions.

Key questions to support future decision-making

• How is hybrid work impacting employee wellbeing?

• Are employees appropriately equipped?

• Do we continue to attract and retain high-performing talent? Are we remaining competitive in the labour market?

• Are we delivering on cost-savings to Canadians through a reduced physical footprint ?

• Are we delivering on our commitment to Equity, Diversity, Inclusion and Accessibility?

• Is hybrid work leading to increased environmental stewardship?

And, perhaps most relevant – • Does a hybrid context allow employees to more effectively build relationships and

maintain a strong organizational culture driven towards achieving outcomes, while still achieving work life balance and autonomy?

Measurement framework

Data collection tool: Measuring a performing workforce • Census of all Statistics Canada staff, most recent in April 2021

• The questionnaires cover different topics such as mental health and wellness, the current work environment, leadership and support, and the ways we will conduct work in the future.

• These surveys will help us assess the state of our workforce in near real time, provide timely information and influence the development of tools and action plans to better support our employees going forward.

• Content is currently being developed for an October 2022 survey specific to hybrid work.

Measurement framework

Data collection tool: Measuring a healthy workforce • Employee Wellness Survey – November 2021 • Covers workplace psychosocial factors (e.g., leadership, interpersonal

relationships, workload, etc.) and psychological health at StatCan. • Additional indicators pertaining to new ways of working:

o Boundary-crossing (between work and home) behaviors after hours;

o Preferences for separating work and home (i.e., integration vs. segmentation);

o Organizational norms (or expectations) for separating work and home;

o Strategies to separate work and home; and o Work-home interference.

Measurement framework

Data collection tool: Measuring a functioning workplace • Public Service Employee Survey – whole of Government

• Provides information to support the continuous improvement of people management practices in the federal public service.

• The survey results allow federal departments and agencies to identify their areas of strength and concern related to people management practices, benchmark and track progress over time, and inform the development and refinement of action plans.

"Better people management practices lead to better results for the public service, and in turn, better results for Canadians." Next collection begins November 2022 with content specific to the hybrid model of work.

Appendix

Data: Leveraging a mixed-methods approach with personas A person-centred approach to COVID-19 pandemic-related stressors - Canada.ca

High level insights o Consider family-supportive supervisor training, including how to set work/home boundaries and routines. o Regular spot check-ups with middle management on workload to ensure optimal prioritization, especially with increased horizontal collaboration. o Ensure employees know how their work contributes to agency objectives through awards and recognition, management communications, and clear

statements of direction. o Maintain multi-faceted supporting resources, such as EAP, and regularly remind employees of their availability. o Canvass best practices on combatting isolation and work to implement at the agency-wide level.

Selected questions for future insights o What coping strategies have you found effective to combat loneliness or heavy workload? o What tools or processes would help you effectively manage information, priorities, or workload? o For those working on-site, how safe have pandemic prevention measures made you feel? What can leaders do to make you feel more secure

(e.g., tenure, work environment)? o Particularly for EE groups, what mechanisms can be put in place to ensure supervisors are working to create an inclusive and respectful culture?

The Census as a Framework for Business Analytics UNECE – Census Week – September 2022

John Nelligan Chief Technology Officer Environics Analytics Toronto, ON Canada

© 2022 Environics Analytics

The Census as a framework for Business Analytics

2

You can’t improve what you can’t measure

You can’t measure without a framework

You can’t reference or compare without standardization

You can’t divide without a denominator

A wealth of data exists that can be put to greater use, and value, when projected into a framework established by the Census.

© 2022 Environics Analytics

Extending the Census to new products

3

In this presentation I will talk about the following products at Environics Analytics (EA) that leverage the Census Framework to create new value:

- Updates to population and income estimates

- Extending the household basket of goods to new products

- Commercial off-the-shelf segmentation system

- Extending the use of survey data collected for media measurement

- Applying attribution and analog techniques to other survey data

- Passively collected network-based tracking data and Big Data

- Extending to the Adtech eco-system

© 2022 Environics Analytics

The Framework

4

- Socio-economic concepts – Population, Households, Dwellings, Labour Force

- Dwelling and settlement pattern – Housing type, migration, urban density

- Geographic Reporting Framework – geo-unit of reporting

Building new Small Area Data using the Census framework

© 2022 Environics Analytics

Fundamental Ideas

6

The geodemographic approach is based on 3 ideas:

1. The attributes of persons/households that are close together are more similar that those that are far away (positive spatial autocorrelation)

2. Knowing a person’s neighborhood (at a small spatial scale) helps make good inferences about that person

3. When privacy is critical one can make use of small-area attributes as reasonable estimates of the attributes of residents of these small areas

© 2022 Environics Analytics

Built on Foundation of Geodemography

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• Combines geography and demography

• Uses geographic codes (such as postal codes or ZIP+4) as a unique indicator to combine and summarize large amounts of data

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Income$ 124K $ 56K

© 2022 Environics Analytics

From Many Sources, Using Best Methods

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Data Providers (85+ Sources)

50,000 data variables available at the 6-digit Postal Code Level

Geodemography KNN Microsimulation Predictive Analytics Typological projection Machine Learning Benchmarking Control total calibration Clustering Normalization Bootstrapping

© 2022 Environics Analytics

Built to a Census-based Geographic Framework

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Data Providers (85+ Sources)

50,000 data variables available at the 6-digit Postal Code Level

Geodemography KNN Microsimulation Predictive Analytics Typological projection Machine Learning Benchmarking Control total calibration Clustering Normalization Bootstrapping

© 2022 Environics Analytics

Make rich survey data actionable at the neighbourhood

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Coefficient-based • Assign survey respondents to a segment code (PRIZM) based on their postal code • Tabulate the number of people or households that purchase the product at the

national segment level. So, if in segment 5, 672,931 people out of 2,301,764 purchase the product, then 29.2% of people are projected to purchase.

• Therefore, all segment 5 postal codes have the same propensity to make the purchase regardless of geography

Modeled • Data are modeled directly to the postal code level using the demographics of the

respondent and the demographic characteristics of the neighbourhood • Models can be constrained by region • There is no direct relationship to PRIZM • In theory, each postal code obtains a unique set of propensities

© 2022 Environics Analytics

Geodemography – Why it Still Works

11

• Uses census data so it can be used in many jurisdictions • Tied to the ground, not the individual • Privacy friendly • Easy to name, describe, and use • Segments make sense to most people as a way to describe reality • Designed for granularity so can be aggregated to larger custom groups • Ability to join disparate databases – big advantage • Provides market sizing at small geographic level – big advantage • Harnesses new types of data

Start with Small Area Demographics

©2022 Environics Analytics

• Current-year estimates for more than 750 population, education, cultural diversity and income variable

• Created with data from Environics Analytics, Statistics Canada, Oxford Economics, Equifax, CMHC and Canada Post and a combination of econometric, demographic and geographic models

• Available at postal code leve

• HouseholdSpend provides estimates of annual expenditures for almost 500 variables, across 18 categories of goods and services used by Canadian households

• Commonly used to identify trade area purchase trends, spot cross promotional opportunities and identify category spending potential

• Estimates expenditures by both average dollars per household and total dollars spent for any geographic level

• Produced using data from DemoStats, PRIZM™ and Statistics Canada’s Survey of Household Spending

• Aligned to control totals from the Canadian System of National Accounts and Statistics Canada

Add the consumer basket of goods

13

Group neighbourhoods into homogeneous segments

14

• PRIZM® is our pioneering segmentation system that classifies Canada's neighbourhoods into 67 unique lifestyle types

• Integrates data from nearly a dozen geographic, demographic, media and psychographic sources

• Provides the foundation for building custom segments for different client needs

• Ability to link to over 30,000 behavioural variables to help you better analyze, understand, and find customers and markets

• Unique assignment at 6-digit postal code level or at Census dissemination area level

PRIZM

©2022 Environics Analytics

PRIZM® is our pioneering segmentation system that classifies Canada's neighbourhoods into 67 unique lifestyle types

Socio Economic Status Indicator (SESI)

Segment Name

Segment Picture

Lifestag e Group

Social Group

PRIZM Segments

Data Inputs • Demographic • Psychographic • Financial • Geographic

• Shopping • Leisure • Media • Motivators

How is it Built?

Exhaustive review of

available data

Select themes and

variables

Develop and assign

weights

Use clustering algorithms

Create maps and reports

Evaluate, adjust and

repeat

PRIZM: Segment Dot Map

©2022 Environics Analytics

• Includes more than 5,000 behavioural profiles across a broad range of products, activities, services and media choices

• Based on Canada's leading syndicated study on cross-media audiences, consumer behaviour, product usage and lifestyles

• Derived from a rolling 52-week online survey sample of more than 34,000 respondents

• Available at the postal code level

Extend to widely used media measurement surveys

17

Geodemographics to Psychographics?

©2022 Environics Analytics

• Describes the mindset of Canadians to determine the best message to engage them

• Derived from the Social Values survey by Environics Research,

• 10,000 respondents measuring 250 indicators of human motivation and social relations

• Behaviour is often used as a surrogate but mindset is key – especially in digital

© 2022 Environics Analytics

Applying to Big Data sources

19

• Volume, Variety, Velocity... Usually with spatial and temporal attributes • Typically collected on daily cadence or in real-time, with billions or trillions of observations

per year with some form of a location association • Data sources include:

• Public Infrastructure • Cellular Devices • Network Infrastructure • Connected X (vehicles, IOT, checkout terminals, sensors, etc.)

© 2022 Environics Analytics

MobileScapes - Mobile movement data, updated daily

20

• Combines three sources of permission-based and anonymized data collected from location- enabled mobile devices and employs the best spatial data processing and analysis practices

• Mobile analytics help businesses and organizations enhance what they know about movement patterns using privacy-compliant mobile movement data collected from location- enabled mobile devices

• Most accurate, comprehensive and up-to-date mobile movement database available for marketing and business applications

• Can describe who’s visiting your locations or competitor locations, how often, and where they live and work to inform decisions around products, program development, marketing, messaging, recovery planning and staffing levels

• Acts as a surrogate for customer data to link to Environics Analytics PRIZM

© 2022 Environics Analytics

Emergence of Mobile Movement Data

21

• Timeliness • Lower cost of collection • Low respondent burden

• Bias in ping universe • Diminishing acceptance of location-based

apps • Risk of improper use • Risk of incorrect inferences

Advantages Disadvantages of Raw Data

© 2022 Environics Analytics

Converting BIG Data to Insights

22

• Anonymized cellular devices can be treated as a spatiotemporal sample of the population • Do not confuse "Big Data" with "Insights“ • Spatial analysis can harness Big Data to turn it into actionable insights • Smoothing, interpolation, aggregation and synthesis techniques

• protect privacy • project to General Population

• Weighted to reference population to correct for behavioural and reporting biases • Results are reported as an estimated neighbourhood population • Traditional geodemographic techniques can then be used to describe the visitors'

demographics, behaviours and psychographics

• Visitor metrics for thousands of apps and websites with Company and Interest aggregations

• Data for mobile or home internet networks • Access via the audited, secure and privacy-compliant

Environics Analytics (EA) ecosystem • Annual or monthly updates with weekly detail • Link ClickScapes to customer data or other EA data for

unparalleled visitor and geographic insight

Big Data – IoT – Clicks

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• VisitorView presents neighbourhood-level estimates of overnight Canadian travellers within Canada, its provinces and territories, or one of Canada’s 85 tourism regions as defined by Destination Canada

• Estimates are provided for the total number of visitors, the number of trips and the number of nights spent in each province or tourism region

• Updated monthly so you can develop and execute marketing campaigns quickly and effectively

• Linked to our PRIZM neighbourhood classification system featuring 67 segments that capture current demographics, lifestyles and values of Canadians

Big Data – IoT – Pings

24

© 2022 Environics Analytics

2019 thru 2021 Visitor Trends

25

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

January February March April May June July August September October November December

M ill

io n s

Visitors

2019 2020 2021

Some Questions It Helps Answer

• Which Toronto neighbourhoods generate the greatest number of visitors to the Niagara Falls and Wine Country tourism region?

• Which Ontario segments and markets produce the most visitors to the Canadian Rockies during ski season?

• What is the total number of nights spent by visitors in the in the Kootenay Rockies tourism region?

• Where do we find more off-season travellers?

• Which postal codes should I target for a direct marketing campaign?

• … all answered in a framework that comes from the Census.

26

60 Data Products for the Canadian Market

27

DemoStats CensusPlus DaytimePop CrimeStats AccultuRates

PRIZM PRIZM QC DELTA

Social Vulnerability Index Frailty Index CommunityHealth VaccineInsights

SocialValues

MobileScapes Out & About MobileScapes ENVISION VisitorView ClickScapes

Businesses Financial Institutions Spectra Trade Areas ShoppingCentres TrafficCounts Points of Interest

BusinessProfiles BusinessProfiles Lite ResponseCanada™ Business

Opticks Powered by Vividata

Opticks Powered by Numeris

Opticks Social Powered by AskingCanadians™

Opticks Mobile Powered by AskingCanadians™

Opticks eShopper Powered by AskingCanadians™

Opticks Automotive Powered by IHS Markit™

CannabisInsights Powered by Vividata

GreenLiving CommunityLife GivingBack Homescan® Profiles AutoRank™ DonorRank™ FireScapes ShopperChoiceHouseholdSpend

FoodSpend WealthScapes WealthScapes Lite WealthScapes Daytime WealthScapes Fundraiser AgeByIncome LiquidAssets MoneyMatters Powered by Canadian Financial Monitor

Neighbourhood View™ ClickSpend™ Powered by J.C. Williams Group

WealthCare WealthTransfer Financial Vulnerability Index

Enhanced PCCF Streets & Boundaries Postal Code Boundaries

ResponseCanada™ Consumer ResponseCanada™ Movers ResponseCanada™ Pre-Movers

© 2022 Environics Analytics

Using small area estimates as a denominator to customer data

28

Small area data can be used to:

• Describe

• Understand

• Focus and target

• Using the Framework as the Denominator

Our Purpose-Built Platform

Target Marketing

Message Targeting

Cross Selling

Site Selection

Omni-Channel

Product Assortment

Media Planning

Segments & Personas

Putting it together - ENVISION

©2022 Environics Analytics

• Cloud-based, secure platform with more than 30,000 variables including demographics, consumer behaviour, lifestyles and values

• Allows clients to connect first- and third- party data to derive insights

• Intuitive user interface and interactive dashboard for sharing reports and maps, ENVISION is easy-to-use

• Not for the data scientist or the GIS professional

• All analyzed within a framework formed by the Census

ENVISION Samples

30

The next step:

Execution and Attribution

© 2022 Environics Analytics

Applying the framework and data to AdTech

32

Media ng

One-to-one MediaOnline and Social

Media Planning and Agencies

(Response Canada)

Media Buying Platforms

A c t i v a t i o n

Tailoring to Industries

We Work Across Many Industries

©2022 Environics Analytics

34

• Automotive

• Banking

• Consumer Goods

• Credit Unions

• Education

• Energy

• Government

• Healthcare

• Insurance

• Not-For-Profit

• Retail

• Real Estate

• Sports and Entertainment

• Travel and Leisure

• Telecommunications

• Media

The Census as a Framework for Business Analytics UNECE – Census Week – September 2022

John Nelligan Chief Technology Officer Environics Analytics Toronto, ON Canada

Перепись как основа для бизнес-аналитики ЕЭК ООН – Неделя переписи – сентябрь 2022 г.

Джон Неллиган Технический директор Энвироникс Аналитика Торонто, Онтарио Канада

© 2022 Environics Analytics

Перепись как основа для бизнес-аналитики

2

Вы не можете улучшить то, что не можете измерить

Вы не можете измерить что-либо без мерила

Вы не можете ссылаться на что-либо или сравнивать что-то с чем-то без стандартизации

Нельзя делить без знаменателя

Существует огромное количество данных, которые можно использовать с большей пользой и получать от этого ценные результаты, если спроецировать их в рамки, установленные переписью.

© 2022 Environics Analytics

Расширение охвата переписи на новые продукты

3

В этой презентации я расскажу о следующих продуктах компании «Энвироникс Аналитика» (Environics Analytics (EA)), которые используют рамки переписи (Census Framework) для создания новой ценности:

- Актуализация оценок численности населения и размера доходов

- Расширение потребительской корзины новыми продуктами

- Готовая коммерческая система сегментации

- Расширение использования данных опросов, собранных для измерения СМИ

- Применение атрибуции и аналоговых методов к другим данным обследования

- Пассивно собираемые данные сетевого отслеживания и большие данные

- Расширение экосистемы технологий рекламы (Adtech)

© 2022 Environics Analytics

Рамки

4

- Социально-экономические концепции: население, домохозяйства, жилища, рабочая сила.

- Структура жилища и типовая модель расселения: тип жилья, миграция, плотность городского населения.

- Географическая структура отчетности: географическая единица отчетности.

Создание новых данных о малых территориях с использованием рамок

переписи

© 2022 Environics Analytics

Фундаментальные идеи

6

Геодемографический подход основан на 3 идеях:

1. Атрибуты/характеристики людей/домохозяйств, которые находятся близко друг к другу, более похожи, чем те, которые находятся далеко друг от друга (положительная пространственная автокорреляция).

2. Знание того, кто проживает по соседству с человеком (в небольшом пространственном масштабе) помогает сделать правильные выводы об этом человеке.

3. Когда соблюдение конфиденциальности является критически важным аспектом, можно использовать атрибуты небольших территорий в качестве обоснованных оценок атрибутов жителей этих небольших территорий.

© 2022 Environics Analytics

Построено на базе геодемографии

7

• Сочетание географии и демографии

• Используются географические коды (например, почтовые коды или индекс +4 цифры) в качестве уникального индикатора для объединения и обобщения больших объемов данных.

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Доход

$ 124 тыс. $ 56 тыс.

© 2022 Environics Analytics

Используя многие источники, применяя лучшие методы

8

Поставщики данных (более 85 источников)

50 000 переменных данных, доступных на уровне 6-значного почтового индекса

Геодемография Метод ближайших соседей (KNN) Микро-симуляция Предиктивная аналитика Типологическая проекция Машинное обучение Бенчмаркинг (сравнение) Общая контрольная калибровка Кластеризация Нормализация Бутстрэпинг

© 2022 Environics Analytics

На базе географических рамок переписи

9

Поставщики данных (более 85 источников)

50 000 переменных данных, доступных на уровне 6-значного почтового индекса

Геодемография Метод ближайших соседей (KNN) Микро-симуляция Предиктивная аналитика Типологическая проекция Машинное обучение Бенчмаркинг (сравнение) Общая контрольная калибровка Кластеризация Нормализация Бутстрэпинг

© 2022 Environics Analytics

Делая обширные данные обследования полезными для жителей района

10

На базе коэффициента • Присвоить респондентам обследования код сегмента (PRIZM) на базе их почтового

индекса. • Составить таблицу численности людей или домохозяйств, которые покупают

продукт на уровне национального сегмента. Так, если в 5-м сегменте продукт приобретут 672 931 человек из 2 301 764, то можно сделать прогноз, что покупку этого продукта совершат 29,2% людей.

• Следовательно, все почтовые индексы 5-го сегмента имеют одинаковую склонность к совершению покупки независимо от географического положения.

На базе модели • Данные моделируются непосредственно на уровне почтовых индексов с

использованием демографических данных респондента и демографических характеристик района.

• Модели могут быть ограничены по региону их применения. • Прямого отношения к PRIZM нет. • Теоретически каждый почтовый индекс получает уникальный набор свойств.

© 2022 Environics Analytics

Геодемография – почему она все еще работает

11

• Использует данные переписи, поэтому их можно использовать во многих юрисдикциях (странах).

• Привязка к земле, а не к человеку. • Соблюдение конфиденциальности личных данных. • Легко назвать, описать и использовать. • Сегменты имеют смысл для большинства людей как способ описания реальности. • Разработано для детализации, поэтому возможно объединение в более крупные

пользовательские группы. • Возможность объединения разрозненных баз данных – большое преимущество. • Определение размера рынка на небольшом географическом уровне — большое

преимущество. • Используются новые типы данных.

Начало работы с демографическими данными малых территорий

© 2022 Энвироникс Аналитика

• Оценки на текущий год в отношении более чем 750 человек: образование, культурное разнообразие и уровень доходов

• Создано на основе данных Environics Analytics, Статистического управления Канады, Oxford Economics, Equifax, CMHC и Canada Post (Почта Канады), а также путем сочетания эконометрических, демографических и географических моделей.

• В наличии на уровне почтового индекса.

• Модуль «Расходы домохозяйств» (HouseholdSpend) предоставляет оценки ежегодных расходов почти для 500 переменных по 18 категориям товаров и услуг, потребляемых канадскими домохозяйствами.

• Обычно это используется для определения тенденций совершения покупок в торговых зонах, для выявления возможностей перекрестного продвижения и определения потенциала расходов в разбивке по категориям.

• Это позволяет оценивать расходы как в среднем в долларах на домохозяйство, так и в долларах, потраченных на любом географическом уровне.

• В процессе подготовки используются данные DemoStats, PRIZM™ и Обследования расходов домохозяйств Статистического управления Канады.

• Приведено в соответствие с контрольными показателями, предоставленными Канадской системой национальных счетов и Статистическим управлением Канады.

Добавление потребительской корзины товаров

13

Разделение территории на однородные сегменты

14

• PRIZM® — это наша новаторская система сегментации, которая классифицирует районы Канады по 67 уникальным типам образа жизни.

• Объединяет данные почти из дюжины географических, демографических, медийных и психографических источников.

• Является основой для создания пользовательских сегментов для различных потребностей клиентов.

• Возможность делать привязку к более чем 30000 поведенческих переменных, чтобы помочь вам лучше анализировать, понимать и находить клиентов и рынки.

• Уникальное присвоение на уровне 6-значного почтового индекса или на уровне территории распространения результатов переписи.

PRIZM

© 2022 Энвироникс Аналитика

PRIZM® — это наша новаторская система сегментации, которая классифицирует районы Канады по 67 уникальным типам образа жизни.

Индикатор социально- экономического положения (SESI)

Название сегмента

Изображение сегмента

Группа этапа жизни

Социальн ая группа

PRIZM Segments

Вводные данные • Демографический • Психографический • Финансовый • Географический

• Покупка • Досуг • СМИ • Мотиваторы

Как это сделано?

Исчерпывающий анализ

имеющихся данных

Выбранные темы и

переменные

Разработка и назначение

весов

Применение алгоритмов

кластеризации

Создание карт и

отчетов

Оценка, корректировка и

повторение

PRIZM: карта точек сегмента

© 2022 Энвироникс Аналитика

• Включает более 5 000 поведенческих профилей, применимых к широкому спектру продуктов, видов деятельности, услуг и СМИ.

• Опирается на данные ведущего синдицированного канадского исследования кросс-медийной аудитории, потребительского поведения, использования продуктов и образа жизни.

• За основу берутся результаты выборки скользящего 52-недельного онлайн-опроса, в котором принимает участие более 34 000 респондентов.

• Детализация до уровня почтового индекса.

Расширение сферы применения на широко используемые обследования по измерению СМИ

17

От геодемографии к психографике?

© 2022 Энвироникс Аналитика

• Описывает образ мышления канадцев, чтобы найти подход к ним и обеспечить взаимодействие с ними.

• Опирается на данные обследования социальных ценностей, проводимого исследовательской группой Environics Research.

• 10 000 респондентов, что позволяет измерить 250 показателей мотивации и социальных отношений.

• Поведение часто используется в качестве заменителя, но образ мышления является главным фактором и особенно в цифровых технологиях.

© 2022 Environics Analytics

Обращение к источникам больших данных

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• Объем, разнообразие, скорость... Обычно с пространственными и временными атрибутами (признаками).

• Обычно эти данные собираются ежедневно или в режиме реального времени; проводятся миллиарды или триллионы наблюдений в год с той или иной формой ассоциации местоположения.

• Источники данных: • Общественная инфраструктура; • Мобильные устройства; • Сетевая инфраструктура; • Подключенные к Интернету устройства (автомобили, Интернет вещей, кассовые

терминалы, датчики и т.д.).

© 2022 Environics Analytics

MobileScapes — данные о перемещениях мобильных устройств, обновляемые ежедневно

20

• Объединяет в себе три источника разрешенных и анонимных данных, собранных с мобильных устройств с функцией определения местоположения, и использует лучшие методы обработки и анализа пространственных данных.

• Мобильная аналитика помогает предприятиям и организациям расширить свои знания о моделях передвижения, используя для этого данные о перемещениях мобильных устройств (соответствующие требованиям соблюдения конфиденциальности), собранные с мобильных устройств с поддержкой определения их местоположения.

• Самая точная, полная и актуальная база данных перемещений мобильных устройств, доступная для маркетинговых и бизнес-приложений.

• Может описать, кто посещает ваши офисы или офисы конкурентов, как часто, где они живут и работают, чтобы давать информацию для принятия решений, касающихся продуктов, для разработки программ, маркетинга, обмена сообщениями, планирования восстановления и подбора персонала.

• Действует как заменитель данных клиентов для привязки к системе Environics Analytics PRIZM.

© 2022 Environics Analytics

Появление данных о передвижениях мобильных устройств

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• Своевременность • Низкая стоимость сбора данных • Низкая нагрузка на респондентов

• Предвзятость во вселенной «пингов» (передачи данных)

• Уменьшение популярности приложений, привязанных к местоположению

• Опасность неправильного использования • Риск неверных выводов

Преимущества Недостатки необработанных данных

© 2022 Environics Analytics

Преобразование БОЛЬШИХ данных в идеи

22

• Анонимизированные мобильные устройства можно рассматривать как пространственно-временную выборку населения.

• Не путайте «большие данные» с «аналитикой». • Пространственный анализ может использовать большие данные, чтобы превратить их

в полезную информацию. • Методы сглаживания, интерполяции, агрегации и синтеза

• защита конфиденциальности • проект для населения в целом

• Взвешено по эталонной совокупности для исправления поведенческих и отчетных предубеждений.

• Результаты представляются как расчетное население территории. • Затем для описания демографии, поведения и психографических характеристик

посетителей можно использовать традиционные геодемографические методы.

• Показатели посещения веб-ресурсов для тысяч программных приложений и веб-сайтов с агрегированием данных по компаниям и интересам.

• Данные для мобильных или домашних интернет-сетей. • Доступ через проверенную, безопасную и отвечающую

требованиям конфиденциальности экосистему Environics Analytics (EA).

• Ежегодные или ежемесячные обновления с еженедельной детализацией.

• Привязка модуля ClickScapes (Клики) с данными о клиентах или другими данными из Environics Analytics (EA), чтобы получать ранее недоступную информацию о посетителях и географические данные.

Большие данные – Интернет вещей – клики

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• Функция VisitorView представляет собой оценки на уровне районов о ночевках канадских путешественников в Канаде, ее провинциях и территориях, или в одном из 85 туристических регионов Канады согласно определению Destination Canada (портал, посвященный туризму в Канаде).

• Даются расчетные показатели общего числа посетителей, количество поездок и ночей, проведенных в каждой провинции или в туристическом регионе.

• Ежемесячное обновление, чтобы вы могли быстро и эффективно разрабатывать и проводить маркетинговые кампании.

• Есть привязка к нашей системе классификации районов PRIZM, включающей 67 сегментов, которые охватывают аспекты складывающейся демографической ситуации, образа жизни и ценностей канадцев.

Большие данные – Интернет вещей – пинги

24

© 2022 Environics Analytics

Тенденции посещаемости с 2019 по 2021 год

25

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

January February March April May June July August September October November December

М и л л и о н ы

Посетители

2019 2020 2021

Некоторые вопросы, на которые можно получить ответ

• Какие районы Торонто привлекают наибольшее количество посетителей в туристический регион Ниагарского водопада и Виноградной страны?

• Какие сегменты и рынки Онтарио привлекают наибольшее количество посетителей в канадские Скалистые горы в лыжный сезон?

• Каково общее количество ночей, проведенных посетителями в туристическом регионе Скалистых гор Кутеней?

• Где больше всего путешественников в межсезонье?

• На какие почтовые индексы следует настроить таргетированные (адресные) кампании прямого маркетинга?

• … все ответы даны в рамках переписи населения.

26

60 информационных продуктов для канадского рынка

27

DemoStats (Демографическая статистика) CensusPlus (Перепись+) DaytimePop (Население в течение дня) CrimeStats (Криминальная статистика) AccultuRates (Частота посещения объектов культуры)

PRIZM PRIZM QC DELTA

Social Vulnerability Index (Индекс социальной уязвимости) Frailty Index (Индекс хрупкости) CommunityHealth (Общественное здоровье) VaccineInsights (Вакцинирование)

SocialValues (Социальные ценности)

MobileScapes Out & About (Мобильные технологии) MobileScapes ENVISION (Мобильность) VisitorView (Обзоры от посетителей) ClickScapes (Клики)

Businesses (Компании) Financial Institutions (Финансовые учреждения) Spectra Trade Areas (Торговые зоны Spectra) ShoppingCentres (Торговые центры) TrafficCounts (Счетчик трафика) Points of Interest (Интересные места)

BusinessProfiles (Бизнес-профили) BusinessProfiles Lite (Упрощенные бизнес-профили) ResponseCanada™ Business (Реагирование канадского бизнеса)

Opticks Данные от Vividata Opticks Данные от Numeris Opticks Social (социальные аспекты) Данные от AskingCanadians™ Opticks Mobile (мобильные аспекты) Данные от AskingCanadians™ Opticks eShopper (онлайн-покупки) Данные от AskingCanadians™ Opticks Automotive (автомобили) Данные от IHS Markit™ CannabisInsights (потребление марихуаны) Данные от Vividata GreenLiving («Зеленый» образ жизни) CommunityLife (Общественная жизнь) GivingBack (Отдам даром) Профили Homescan® (Дома) AutoRank™ (Авторейтинг) Рейтинг донора™ (DonorRank™) FireScapes (Пожары) ShopperChoice (Выбор покупателей)HouseholdSpend (Бытовые расходы)

FoodSpend (Расходы на питание) WealthScapes (Профиль богатства) WealthScapes Lite (Упрощенный профиль богатства) WealthScapes Daytime (Профиль изменения богатства) WealthScapes Fundraiser (Сбор средств) AgeByIncome (Разбивка по возрасту и доходу) LiquidAssets (Ликвидные активы) MoneyMatters (Финансы)Данные от Canadian Financial Monitor Neighbourhood View™ (Вид на окрестности) ClickSpend™ (клики)Данные от J.C. Williams Group WealthCare (Обеспеченность богатством) WealthTransfer (Передача богатства) Financial Vulnerability Index (Индекс финансовой уязвимости)

Enhanced PCCF (Леса) Streets & Boundaries (Улицы и границы районов) Postal Code Boundaries (Границы почтового индекса)

ResponseCanada™ Consumer (Потребители) ResponseCanada™ Movers (Мигранты) ResponseCanada™ Pre-Movers (Планирующие мигрировать)

© 2022 Environics Analytics

Использование оценок малых территорий в качестве показателя данных о клиентах

28

Данные малых территорий можно использовать для следующего:

• Описать

• Понять

• Сфокусироваться и нацелиться

• Использование заданных рамок в качестве показателя / знаменателя

Наша специализированная платформа

Целевой маркетинг

Таргетинг сообщени

й

Кросс- продажи

Выбор объекта

Многоканаль ный

Ассортимент продуктов

Медиапла нировани

е

Сегменты и персоны

Собираем — ПРЕДСТАВЛЯЕМ

© 2022 Энвироникс Аналитика

• Безопасная облачная платформа с более чем 30 000 переменных, включая демографические данные, данные о поведении потребителей, об образе жизни и ценностях.

• Позволяет клиентам подключать собственные и сторонние данные для выработки идей.

• Интуитивно понятный пользовательский интерфейс и интерактивная панель инструментов для обмена отчетами и картами — система ENVISION проста в использовании.

• Не требуется специалист по данным или ГИС.

• Все проанализировано в рамках, сформированных переписью.

Примеры работы системы ENVISION

30

Следующий шаг:

Исполнение и атрибуция

© 2022 Environics Analytics

Применение фреймворка (рамок) и данных к технологиям рекламы (Adtech)

32

СМИ ng

Индивидуальные СМИИнтернет и социальные сети

Медиапланирование и агентства

(Ответственная Канада)

Платформы для покупки медиа

З а д е й с т в о в а н ы

Адаптация к отраслям

Мы работаем во многих отраслях

© 2022 Энвироникс Аналитика

34

• Автомобилестроение

• Банковское дело

• Потребительские товары

• Кредитные союзы

• Образование

• Энергетика

• Правительство

• Здравоохранение

• Страхование

• Некоммерческий сектор

• Розничная торговля

• Недвижимость

• Спорт и развлечения

• Путешествия и отдых

• Телекоммуникации

• СМИ

Перепись как основа для бизнес-аналитики ЕЭК ООН – Неделя переписи – сентябрь 2022 г.

Джон Неллиган Технический директор Энвироникс Аналитика Торонто, Онтарио Канада

Trends and Prospects

UNECE Committee on Forests and the

Forest Industry

October 2021

Prepared by:

Trade, Economics and Industry Branch

Canadian Forest Service

Natural Resources Canada

October 2021

October 2021

2

ABBREVIATIONS

CCFM Canadian Council of Forest Ministers

CCTF Climate Change Task Force

CETA Canada-European Union Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement

CFS Canadian Forest Service

CIFFC Canadian Interagency Forest Fire Centre

CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora

CORSIA Carbon Offsetting Reduction Scheme for International Aviation

CPTPP Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership

CUSMA Canada-United States-Mexico Agreement

CWC Canadian Wood Council

ECCC Environment and Climate Change Canada

EMO Expanding Market Opportunities Program

FIP Forest Innovation Program

GCWood Green Construction through Wood Program

GHG Greenhouse Gas

ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization

IFI Indigenous Forestry Initiative

IFIT Investments in Forest Industry Transformation Program

ISPM International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures

LCEF Low Carbon Economy Fund

NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement

NBCC National Building Code of Canada

NDC Nationally Determined Contribution

NRCan Natural Resources Canada

OPEC Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries

OSB Oriented Strand Board

PCF Pan-Canadian Framework on Clean Growth and Climate Change

REDD+ Reduce Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation

SFM Sustainable Forest Management

TWB Tall Wood Building

UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

WTO World Trade Organization

October 2021

3

CANADA

I. Economic Overview

General Economic Conditions Canada’s economy slowed considerably

in Q2 2021, coinciding with the third

wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The

Canadian economy, measured by real

Gross Domestic Product (GDP),

increased 1.6% in the first quarter of 2021

and declined 0.1% in the second. This is

after notable growth in Q3 and Q4 of 2020

(9.3% and 2.0%, respectively). The

decline in Q2 this year was mainly driven

by supply-side factors. In fact, the third

wave of the pandemic affected the

operations of businesses, which led to

reduced employment, although to a lesser

magnitude compared to 2020. Moreover,

softer housing activity and supply chain issues also weighed on growth.

According to Bank of Canada, annual Canadian GDP is projected to grow 6.0% in 2021 before slowing

to 4.6% and 3.3% in 2022 and 2023 respectively. Reasons for this recovery are the return of consumer

confidence to pre-pandemic levels.

Growth in Canadian consumer spending has been slowing since the second quarter of 2017. In the first

quarter of 2020, consumer spending fell nearly 2%, and in the second quarter of 2020, consumer

spending fell more than 14%, the largest decline ever recorded. This reduction in spending was

attributable to substantial job losses, limited opportunities to spend because of store and consumer

business closures, and restrictions on travel and tourism.

However, with consumer confidence

reportedly back to pre-pandemic levels,

consumption is forecasted to significantly

contribute to the rebound of economic

activity in Q3 2021, with an increase in

spending on various services, such as

transportation, recreation, and food and

accommodation. This is complimented by

high vaccination rates, the easing of

restrictions, and the growth in foreign

demand.

The Bank of Canada’s key interest rate

was significantly lowered in response to

the pandemic. Beginning in March 2020,

Source: Statistics Canada

Source: Bank of Canada, U.S. Federal Reserve

October 2021

4

the Bank lowered the interest rate three

times, ultimately reducing it from 1.75%

to 0.25%. The rate has remained stable at

0.25% since March 27, 2020; however,

the Bank continued to create other

measures to provide additional support to

Canada’s financial system. The U.S.

Federal Reserve also began lowering their

key interest rate in February 2020 and it

has been sitting at 0.25% since March 15,

2020.

Following the onset of the COVID-19

pandemic, housing starts began falling,

decreasing 7% in March and 16% in April 2020. However, they began to increase significantly in May

2020 due to low mortgage rates and pent up demand following delayed housing purchases. Since June

2020, starts have stayed above 200,000 units at a seasonally adjusted annual rate. As of September

2021, housing starts are more than 18% above their 2020 level. In the near term, Canadian housing

starts are expected to remain elevated over historic levels.

The labour market in Canada has

significantly improved following the

initial shock of the COVID-19

pandemic, where the unemployment rate

ballooned to 13.7% in May 2020; the

highest rate ever recorded since

comparable data became available in

1976. Since then, the economy has been

recovering and the unemployment rate

has mostly tracked downward, with

slight upticks coinciding with the

tightening of public health restrictions.

As businesses reopened and vaccinations

became readily available to Canadians,

the unemployment rate has been falling.

As of September 2021, the unemployment rate is at the lowest rate since the onset of the pandemic

(6.9%). Going forward, the labour market continues to face a number of challenges and uncertainties,

including: some industries are still looking to fully resume activities, people in the ranks of the long-

term unemployed are seeking to find their way back to employment, and as both employers and

workers adjust to proof-of-vaccination initiatives.

Source: Statistics Canada

Source: Statistics Canada

Source: Statistics Canada

October 2021

5

The Canadian dollar weakened against

both the U.S. dollar and the Euro

following precipitous falls in oil prices at

the onset of the pandemic in 2020. A

rebound in oil prices, due partly to supply

cuts by the Organization of Petroleum

Exporting Countries (OPEC) since May

2020, has partly allowed the CAD to

appreciate against all other currencies,

including the Euro and the USD. In

August 2020, the CAD recovered against

the USD, reaching its pre-pandemic level.

Conversely, the CAD against the Euro has

yet to fully recover to pre-pandemic levels

by September 2021.

Canada’s forest product exports are a

major contributor to Canada’s trade

balance. While Canada’s total

merchandise trade balance has been

negative for eight of the last ten years, it

has been positive for forest products for at

least the last two decades. In 2020, forest

products accounted for 7.1% of Canada’s

total exports, totalling almost $34 billion.

Canada is the fourth largest forest product

exporter in the world, behind China, the

United States, and Germany. Canada is the

leading exporter of softwood lumber and

newsprint.

2008 0

Source: Global Trade Atlas

Source: Bank of Canada, U.S. Federal Reserve

October 2021

6

II. Policy Measures in Canada Affecting Forest Management and Forest Product Trade

Commitment to Growth, Innovation, and to Sustainable Forest Management

Canada is the third most forested country in the world, with 347 million hectares of forest. It is also a

world leader in Sustainable Forest Management (SFM), applying it across the country’s publicly

owned forests. SFM is a way of caring for forests to maintain their benefits over time. In Canada, SFM

decisions and activities are based on scientific research, rigorous planning processes and public

consultation.1 Most of Canada’s forest (90%) is publicly owned and managed on behalf of Canadians

by provincial and territorial governments. Another 2% is federally controlled, Indigenous Peoples 2%,

and the remaining 6% is under private ownership. Nearly 30 million hectares (or about 9%) of Canada’s

forests are in legally established protected areas.

Canada is strongly committed to advancing economic growth through the development of forest

resources based on long-standing SFM principles. All federal, provincial and territorial ministers

responsible for forests work cooperatively on areas of common interest via the Canadian Council of

Forest Ministers (CCFM). In May 2019, the CCFM endorsed A Shared Vision for Canada’s Forests:

Toward 2030, underlining their commitment to ensuring our forests continue to thrive over time. In

support of the Vision, the CCFM continues to prioritize work that strengthens partnerships with

Indigenous communities, increases forest resilience, fosters forest sector innovation, protects forests

and communities from wildland fire and promotes Canada’s environmental reputation.

The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic had an immediate impact on major elements of the forest

sector in Canada, resulting in curtailments, employment impacts, and delaying capital investments. As

a result of the pandemic, forest sector firms also faced significant incremental costs associated with the

implementation of health and safety measures in facilities and operations necessary to keep workers

and local communities safe (e.g. sanitizing stations, additional accommodations and/or transportation,

facilities and services to maintain social distancing, personal protective equipment). In response, the

Government of Canada implemented a program providing up to $30 million to help to offset these

costs for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the forest sector, including for tree planting.

This emergency support program ended in March 2021.

Sustainable Forest Management Certification

Canada has a comprehensive legislative and regulatory framework that governs forest management in

each province and territory to provide assurances that Canada’s forests are managed sustainably. These

laws, regulations, and policies govern land use planning, forest management, public consultations,

Indigenous participation, protected areas, forest tenure, allocation of wood for harvesting, and

regeneration of forest land.

Third-party sustainable forest management certification further demonstrates Canada’s commitment

to sustainable forest management practices. As of December 2020, Canada had 164 million hectares

of forest land independently certified as sustainably managed by one or more of three globally

recognized certification systems: the Canadian Standards Association, the Forest Stewardship Council

and the Sustainable Forestry Initiative. The Sustainable Biomass Program, a certification program for

woody biomass (e.g. wood chips and wood pellets) is also now well established in Canada.

1 Canadian Council of Forest Ministers. A Shared Vision for Canada’s Forests: Toward 2030. 2019

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Forests and Indigenous Communities

Forests are of tremendous value to communities across Canada – contributing not only economically

but also providing important environmental, cultural, traditional, and spiritual benefits. This is

particularly true for Indigenous communities, of which 70% are located in forested regions with a long

history of forest stewardship. Changes in the forest sector are improving Indigenous Peoples’ access

to forest resources and increasing their involvement in decisions about how forests are managed, and

by whom.

Increasing participation of Indigenous groups in the forest sector labour force offers a key opportunity

to mitigate localized labour scarcity, improve facility resiliency and support rural economic

development. The forest sector is one of the largest employers of Indigenous people in Canada, with

approximately 12, 000 Indigenous workers, accounting for 7% of the sector’s total workforce (higher

workforce representation than any other industrial resource sector).

Forest Bioeconomy Framework for Canada2

To help catalyze innovation in the forest sector, the Canadian Council of Forest Ministers (CCFM)3

released A Forest Bioeconomy Framework for Canada in 2017, a comprehensive and systematic

approach to developing Canada’s forest sector. It aims to contribute to Canada’s low carbon economy

and support development of higher value forest products, services and processes. It envisions Canada

as a global leader in the use of forest biomass for developing advanced bioproducts and innovative

solutions to meet energy needs. The framework also contributes to recognition of forests for the

spiritual, cultural and recreational benefits they provide.

With new investment, more jobs, continued engagement with Indigenous Peoples, new technologies,

and better supply inventory and modeling, the forest industry can sustain its history of innovation,

sustainability, and competitiveness. The framework’s four pillars and ten objectives are designed to

address the challenges and opportunities facing the forest sector. The demand for biomass supply and

advanced bioproducts is poised to transform the industry into an active participant in the transition to

2 https://cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/publications?id=39162 3 https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/forests/federal-programs/13137

Source: The State of Canada’s Forests Annual Report 2020

October 2021

8

a low carbon, highly innovative, and sustainable Canadian economy. To account for advancement in

the implementation of the framework, the CCFM presented a progress report in September 2020. This

progress report affirms that CCFM members, and the CCFM as a whole, are taking action to stimulate

the forest bioeconomy as part of a Canadian effort to shift our society toward a low-carbon, sustainable,

and innovation-based economy.

Competitiveness Initiatives

The Government of Canada plays a key role in supporting the transformation and progression of the

forest sector. In recent years, the federal government has implemented a number of initiatives to

enhance the competitiveness of the forest industry by helping the sector develop new products and

processes, and take action on new opportunities in both domestic and international markets. The Forest

Innovation Program (FIP) provides funding to four main areas: FPInnovations,4 the Canadian

Wood Fibre Centre,5 Forest Biorefinery Collaboration6 and standards development.

To help Canada’s forest sector continue to innovate and grow, Budget 2019 proposed to invest up to

$251.3 million over three years, starting in 2020–21, to Natural Resources Canada to extend existing

innovation and diversification programs.

Forest Bioeconomy – Advanced Bioproducts and the circular economy

The development and deployment of advanced forest bioproducts as part of the Canadian forest

bioeconomy continues to take shape, notably as attention has increased on plastic waste and the

transition to more circular economies. In February 2020, the Government of Canada announced the

winners of another plastic challenge aiming at developing the next generation of bio-based foam

insulation. The two winners were granted $150,000 each to fulfill the development of a viable solution

for foam insulation products that are predominantly derived from Canadian forest residues while

offering similar insulation properties and comparable costs to petroleum-based products.

Reflecting the growing importance of the bioeconomy, Canada helped launch and co-chair the

International Bioeconomy Forum (IBF) since 2016 with the European Commission. The IBF is a

flexible, multilateral group that facilitates dialogue on key issues related to the development of a

sustainable, global bioeconomy. The IBF took part in the November 2020 virtual Global Bioeconomy

Summit. Plenary meetings are held annually with all members; the next IBF Plenary will be held in

November 2021.

Investments in Forest Industry Transformation7

Since 2010, the Investments in Forest Industry Transformation (IFIT) program has been supporting

transformational capital projects by forest sector firms to diversify into new product streams and

implement innovative process improvements to ensure industry competitiveness. IFIT projects have

led to:

4 https://fpinnovations.ca/Pages/index.aspx 5 https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/forests/research-centres/cwfc/13457 6 https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/energy/efficiency/industry/processes/systems-optimization/research-development/5603 7 https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/forests/federal-programs/13139

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 Improved environmental performance- production of green electricity and renewable fuels, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, increased energy efficiency, and carbon capture;

 Diversified markets with new, higher value products- new biomaterials, advanced building products and construction materials; and,

 Increased competitiveness and economic sustainability- jobs created, jobs secured, new revenue streams for companies, diversification of product portfolios.

To-date, the program has funded 43 projects involving world-first technologies, producing a range of

new bioproducts and generating new revenues for forest sector companies. These projects have secured

an estimated +5,000 jobs in the forest sector and led to the creation of 500 new direct innovation-

related jobs. Results show that for every dollar invested by the IFIT program, other sources leveraged

over 5 dollars. Budget 2021 proposed to provide $54.8 million over two years, starting in 2021-22, to

Natural Resources Canada, to enhance the capacity of the IFIT program, including working with

municipalities and community organizations ready for new forest based economic opportunities.

Markets

Expanding Market Opportunities Program8

The Expanding Market Opportunities (EMO) program helps to increase and diversify market

opportunities for Canada's forest sector by promoting the broader use of Canadian wood products, both

domestically and abroad. The EMO program supports a wide range of domestic and offshore market

diversification activities. These measures include codes and standards development, technical research,

technology transfer and training, demonstration projects, market research, and marketing. The funding

provided to forest industry associations and other stakeholders increases the market opportunities

available to the forest sector and provides the capacity to take advantage of them.

Since the inception of the EMO program, Canadian export markets have shifted away from a reliance

on the traditional U.S. market, even though U.S. remains the primary market for wood exports. In

2001, 85.5% of all Canadian wood exports were to the U.S. At the end of 2019, 76% of wood exports

were shipped to the United States, as trends saw increasing market share in China over the ten previous

years. However, in 2020, exports to the U.S. surged to 84%.9 This was due to the COVID-19 pandemic

coupled with strong housing starts and home renovations.10 Notwithstanding the pandemic, increased

exports have been mainly to Asia, with the value of Canadian wood exports to China increasing almost

8-fold between 2007 and 2020 to $950 million. In South Korea, exports grew by over 6% to $104

million during the same period. This increased growth in offshore exports has helped protect and create

an estimated 5000 direct jobs, mostly in rural areas (predominantly in British Columbia and Québec).

The EMO program has also supported industry efforts to increase wood use domestically in non-

residential buildings such as schools, health care facilities and commercial outlets, as well as mid-rise

buildings up to six storeys and tall wood buildings. As a result, industry efforts have led to wood being

used in more than 2,335 non-traditional construction projects in Canada since 2007, representing an

estimated $1.5 billion in new wood sales for the wood product sector.

8 https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/forests/federal-programs/13133 9 Global Trade Atlas, 2021; accessed September 9, 2021. 10 Forest Economic Advisors, Lumber Advisor, 2021.

October 2021

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Green Construction through Wood 11

The Green Construction through Wood (GCWood) program, launched in October 2017, supports

innovative wood demonstration projects and the adoption of tall wood buildings in Canadian building

codes in addition to advancing wood education at Canadian engineering and architectural schools.

GCWood has a budget of $39.8M over four years (2018/19 – 2022/23) and funds projects that

encourage:

 Adoption and commercialization of innovative wood-based products and systems in the construction of high-rise buildings, bridges, and low-rise non-residential buildings;

 Advanced training and education and the development of design tools targeted at designers, specifiers, architects, and building officials; and,

 Research that addresses the gap in technical information needed to facilitate and support revisions to the 2020 and 2025 National Building Code of Canada to allow tall wood

buildings up to 12 storeys and become more performance-based. Currently wood buildings

are limited to 6 storeys in height under prescriptive code provisions.

Three calls for “Expressions of Interest” on tall wood buildings, low-rise non-residential construction

and timber bridges were launched starting October 2017. Over 20 demonstration projects across the

three categories have been selected for support, all of which now have funding agreements in place,

with several demonstration projects either completed or currently under construction and several others

at an advanced stage of design development.

Climate Change

Adaptation

The CCFM Climate Change Task Force (CCTF) undertook collaborative work across provinces and

territories on adaptation in forestry and completed its mandate after eight years of activity from 2008-

2016. The CCTF developed climate change adaptation tools and techniques designed to be readily

mainstreamed into day-to-day forest management planning and decision-making. The tools, which are

currently being field-tested, include:

 An assessment of tree species vulnerability and management options for adaptation;

 A scalable, nationally-applicable vulnerability assessment framework for sustainable management under climate change;

 A number of adaptation knowledge syntheses; and,

 A guidebook for mainstreaming climate change into sustainable forest management.

The Canadian Forest Service’s Forest Climate Change Program undertakes work on regional integrated

assessments and science-based adaptation tools, in collaboration with end-users to facilitate climate

change adaptation planning and decision-making in the forestry sector and forest-based communities.

Since 2016, scientists have been undertaking regional integrated assessments to investigate the effects

of climate change on forested landscapes in five vulnerable regions across Canada: Newfoundland and

Labrador, the Maritimes, the Eastern Boreal, the Northwest Territories and the Western Boreal. These

regional integrated assessments develop baseline data, knowledge and tools that can be used by forest

11 https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/forests/federal-programs/gcwood/20046

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sector decision-makers to adapt to a range of climate change impacts. The Adaptation tools developed

cover a wide range of topics, including forest composition and productivity, disturbances and extreme

weather events, forest regeneration, assisted migration, genomics and adaptive silviculture.

International Efforts

With the adoption of the Paris Agreement under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate

Change (UNFCCC) in December 2015, countries, including Canada, committed to putting forward

their own emissions reduction targets, known as nationally determined contributions (NDCs), as well

as raising the ambition of their climate change efforts over time.

Canada actively participates in UNFCCC negotiations, including on the development of guidance for

the implementation of the Paris Agreement. In these negotiations, Canada supports the inclusion of

forest and other lands in a manner that contributes to reducing anthropogenic emissions and enhancing

carbon removals. Forests play an important role in climate change mitigation and adaptation as natural

climate solutions. For example, when carefully planned, actions such as afforestation, reforestation and

sustainable forest management can increase carbon sequestration and improve forest resilience to

climate change. As well, GHG emissions can be reduced by storing carbon in long-lived wood products

that substitute for more emissions-intensive products, and using waste wood to replace fossil fuels.

Canada also participates in the development of methodological frameworks to Reduce Emissions from

Deforestation and Forest Degradation and enhance sustainable forest management in developing

countries (REDD+). Canada supports multilateral REDD+ initiatives such as the Forest Carbon

Partnership Facility, where Canada is a donor to both the Readiness and Carbon Funds.

Canada provides international climate finance in support of mitigation and adaptation actions by

developing countries. Canada has delivered on its $2.65 billion climate finance commitment from 2015

to 2020, including providing $600 million to the Green Climate Fund. At the 2021 G7 Leaders’

Summit, Canada announced a doubling of its international climate finance commitment, to $5.3 billion

over the next five years. The new commitment includes increased support for natural climate solutions

like protecting biodiversity and planting trees.

Domestic Emission Reduction Efforts

In July 2021, Canada submitted its enhanced NDC to the UNFCCC, committing the country to reduce

economy-wide emissions by 40-50% below 2005 levels by 2030. The updated NDC is a substantial

increase of ambition beyond Canada’s original NDC, to reduce GHG emissions by 30% below 2005

levels by 2030. Additionally, Canada has committed to achieving net-zero emissions by 2050. Progress

towards Canada’s emission reductions targets is supported by the Pan-Canadian Framework on Clean

Growth and Climate Change (PCF) and Canada’s Strengthened Climate Plan (SCP).

Pan-Canadian Framework on Clean Growth and Climate Change12

The Government of Canada launched the Pan-Canadian Framework on Clean Growth and Climate

Change launched in 2016 focusing on carbon pricing; complementary (mitigation) actions to reduce

GHG emissions; adaptation and climate resilience; and clean technology and innovation. More

specifically, it had several forest-related commitments including increasing stored carbon, increasing

12 https://www.canada.ca/en/services/environment/weather/climatechange/pan-canadian-framework.html

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the use of wood for construction, and generating bioenergy and bioproducts. Building on the PCF, the

Government of Canada released the Strengthened Climate Plan in December 2020.

Canada’s Strengthened Climate Plan (SCP)13

Canada’s Strengthened Climate Plan includes federal policies, programs and investments to accelerate

emissions reductions and build a stronger, cleaner, more resilient and inclusive economy. The plan

builds on the PCF, with $15 billion in new investments, to put Canada on a path to achieve its GHG

reduction targets for 2030 and 2050. The plan includes 64 measures falling under five pillars of action:

1. Make the places Canadians live and gather more affordable by cutting energy waste;

2. Make clean, affordable transportation and power available in every Canadian community;

3. Continue to ensure that pollution isn’t free and that households get more money back;

4. Build Canada’s clean industrial advantage; and,

5. Embrace the power of nature to support healthier families and more resilient communities.

The fifth pillar includes a commitment to advancing natural climate solutions, including investing up

to $3.2 billion over 10 years to partner with provinces, territories, non-Government organizations,

Indigenous communities, municipalities, private landowners, and others to plant two billion trees.

These trees will be planted across Canada, on provincial and federal Crown lands, in cities and

communities, on farms and on private rural and urban lands, with a focus on achieving co-benefits for

biodiversity and human wellbeing.

Federal Carbon Pollution Pricing Benchmark

The Government of Canada has established a benchmark to ensure that carbon pricing applies to a

broad set of emission sources throughout the country. Provinces and territories have flexibility to

implement their own pricing system (e.g. a carbon tax, cap and trade) or can choose the federal pricing

system. The federal benchmark has been implemented in 2019 and contains two parts – a regulatory

charge on fuel (fuel charge) and a performance-based system for industries (Output-Based Pricing

System, or OBPS). The federal fuel charge has been in effect in Saskatchewan, Ontario, Manitoba, and

New Brunswick since April 2019 and in Nunavut and Yukon since July 2019. It also applies in Alberta

as of 2020. The OBPS took effect in January 2019 in Ontario, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Prince

Edward Island, and Saskatchewan (electricity and natural gas transmission pipeline sectors only), and

in Yukon and Nunavut since July 2019. New Brunswick and Ontario have proposed provincial output-

based pricing systems that align with the current federal benchmark. Under the federal benchmark, the

carbon price started at $20 per tonnes CO2e of emissions in 2019 and will rise by $10 per year to $50

per tonnes in 2022. Canada’s SCP proposes to implement annual carbon price increases of $15 per

tonnes from 2023-2030, reaching $170 per tonnes in 2030.

A federal GHG offset system to encourage cost-effective domestic GHG emission reductions from

activities that are not covered by carbon pollution pricing, particularly activities related to forestry,

agriculture and waste, is also under development. In June 2019 and July 2020, Environment and

Climate Change Canada (ECCC) released two discussion papers to outline the general structure and

13 https://www.canada.ca/en/services/environment/weather/climatechange/climate-plan/climate-plan-overview/healthy-environment-healthy-

economy.html

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key design considerations of the federal offset system, as well as the proposed priority project types to

be considered in the first phase of protocol development. The proposed priority project types include

improved forest management. In March 2021, the proposed Greenhouse Gas Offset Credit System

Regulations14 were published in the Canada Gazette. Publication of final regulations is targeted for fall

2021. Several provincial governments have established, or are in the process of establishing, offset

systems to support their carbon pollution pricing programs and policies. The federal offset system is

intended to complement these systems.

Clean Fuel Regulations

The Government of Canada is developing a Clean Fuel Regulations to reduce the life cycle carbon

intensity of fuels and energy used in Canada. The objective of the Clean Fuel Regulations is to achieve

30 million tonnes of annual reductions in GHG emissions by 2030. In meeting its GHG reduction goal,

the Clean Fuel Regulations will aim to stimulate investments and innovation in low-carbon-intensity

fuels while enabling low-cost compliance. The Clean Fuel Regulations is one of the complementary

policies under Canada’s climate plan, which will work in concert with carbon pollution pricing to

reduce emissions across the economy.

The Clean Fuel Regulations will require liquid fossil fuel primary suppliers to reduce the carbon

intensity of the liquid fuels they produce in and import into Canada. The draft regulations are planned

for final publication in 2022.

The Low Carbon Economy Fund

To support new provincial and territorial actions under the PCF, the Canadian federal government

launched the $2 billion Low Carbon Economy Fund (LCEF) in June 2017. Enhancing carbon sinks

and reducing GHG emissions from the forest sector is one priority area. The LCEF supports projects

that meet the following criteria:

 Material reductions in GHG emissions;

 Incremental to existing actions;

 Contribute to meeting Canada’s 2030 emission reduction target; and,

 Cost-effective.

The LCEF has two envelopes. One of the envelopes, the $1.4 billion Leadership Fund, supports

commitments by provinces and territories that have adopted the PCF, with each province or territory

receiving a specific funding allocation with continuous intake running between June 2017 and March

2024. Among other things, efforts by five provinces and territories to enhance forest sinks are being

supported - bilateral funding agreements are in place, and several additional proposals have been

submitted by jurisdictions for remaining allocated funding and are currently under evaluation. A further

$450 million of LCEF funds supports the Low Carbon Economy Challenge, in which projects are

selected from among those submitted by provinces and territories, municipalities, Indigenous

governments and organizations, businesses and not-for-profit organizations.

14 https://canadagazette.gc.ca/rp-pr/p1/2021/2021-03-06/html/reg1-eng.html

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The Role of Forests in a Changing Climate

The UNFCCC requires countries to report emissions and removals resulting directly from human

activity such as harvesting or land-use changes. In keeping with this, Canada’s NDC focuses on the

emissions and removals that are a direct result of the management of our forests. Under this approach,

emissions and removals from managed forest stands that have been impacted in recent history by

significant natural disturbances (e.g. wildfires, insect infestations) are tracked separately from

anthropogenic emissions and removals, and only considered anthropogenic once again when the stands

have reached commercial maturity or pre-disturbance aboveground biomass, depending on the type of

disturbance. All emissions and removals from the managed forest (including those originating from

significant natural disturbances) are reported in Canada’s National GHG Inventory Report. For more

information, please refer to Section 6.3.1 and Annex 3.5 of the 2021 National GHG Inventory Report.15

Canada expects that the land sector, including forests and harvested wood products, will provide an

important contribution to its broader climate change mitigation efforts. Federal, provincial and

territorial governments are currently exploring how best to achieve forest-related mitigation, including

through changes in forest management, increased afforestation, increased use of harvested wood as a

substitute for emissions-intensive products, and increased use of harvest residues for bioenergy in place

of fossil fuels. Canada’s Greenhouse Gas and Air Pollutant Emissions Projections 2020 report16

published in February 2021 provided emission and accounting projections for the land sector, focused

on impacts of human activities. Canada’s managed forest and associated harvested wood products are

projected to provide an accounting credit of 30 MtCO2e toward Canada’s 2030 emission reductions

target, and an accounting credit of 25 MtCO2e toward Canada’s 2050 net zero target. Mitigation actions

taken, such as the 2 Billion Trees program and provincial and territorial actions, are not included in

these estimates.

Provincial & Territorial Actions

Many of Canada’s provinces and territories are taking action to address climate change and reduce

GHG emissions, but this section only summarizes actions of the four largest provinces. More details

on provincial/territorial actions are available in Canada’s Greenhouse Gas and Air Pollutant Emissions

Projections 2020, and the third annual Synthesis Report on the Status of Implementation of the PCF

published in 2019.17

Quebec has set a target of reducing its GHG emissions to 37.5% below 1990 levels by 2030. In

addition, Quebec has announced its intention to become carbon neutral by 2050. Launched in

November 2020, the 2030 Plan for a Green Economy18 (PGE) is Quebec’s climate road map (policy

framework) for this decade. In terms of forests, in 2020 Quebec released its Timber Production

Strategy19 which includes plans to increase the forest sector’s contribution to climate change

mitigation through increasing carbon sequestration in the forest and in forest products. This includes a

$75 million government investment to restore poorly regenerated or unproductive forests areas.

Quebec’s Wood Innovation Program, announced in 2016, supports the transformation and

15 https://unfccc.int/documents/271493 16 https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.866115/publication.html 17 http://www.publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.847802/publication.html 18 https://www.quebec.ca/en/government/policies-orientations/plan-green-economy 19 https://mffp.gouv.qc.ca/the-forests/quebec-timber-production-strategy/?lang=en

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modernization of the forest products industry, with over $95 million in government investments by

2024, as indicated in its budget plan 2019-2020.

In Ontario, the government released A Made-in-Ontario Environment Plan20 in November 2018. The

new plan indicates that Ontario will reduce its GHG emission by 30% below 2005 levels by 2030. Two

core measures to achieve this goal are the Clean Fuel policy and the Natural Gas Conservation Action

in Ontario. In 2020, Ontario released Sustainable Growth: Ontario’s Forest Sector Strategy,21 a new

10-year forestry strategy to encourage economic growth while protecting Ontario’s forests. It identifies

actions related to climate change mitigation and adaptation, including: (1) seeking additional

opportunities for forests to mitigate climate change; (2) increasing climate change information to forest

managers; and (3) reducing emissions from forestry activities and increasing carbon storage. Ontario’s

50 Million Tree Program22 is continuing, now with federal support. As of 2020, more than 30 million

trees have been planted through the program, producing 16,500 hectares of new forest.

The Government of Alberta announced new measures in 2019, including regulating large emitters with

the new Technology Innovation and Emissions Reduction (TIER) system starting in January 2020, and

employing the Renewable Fuel Standard to enforce the use of renewable products in fuels. Alberta’s

Carbon Offset System is a regulatory program established in 2017 that continues to enable the

generation of Alberta Emission Offsets as a method of compliance under TIER. The TIER regulation

was amended in July 2020 to allow additional sectors to voluntarily opt-in to the regulation and reduce

administrative burden for regulated conventional oil and gas facilities. In terms of forests, Alberta

continues to implement its Enhanced Reforestation of Legacy Disturbance Program23 which provides

funds to reforest public lands that have been disturbed by wildfire, increasing carbon sequestration.

Alberta also continues to address mountain pine beetle outbreaks24 through early intervention and

monitoring, reforestation, and treatment of affected areas to limit the damage on forest health and

productivity.

In 2018, the Government of British Columbia (B.C.) released its CleanBC Plan25 highlighting a set of

across-sector actions to help meet B.C.’s legislated emissions reduction targets, including a 40%

reduction below 2007 levels by 2030 and an 80% reduction below 2007 levels by 2050. In December

2020, B.C. released its 2020 Climate Change Accountability Report, summarizing the province’s

actions and process to date toward its emission reduction targets.26 The government is also taking

specific actions to enhance the carbon storage potential of British Columbia’s public forests. The $290

million (co-funded with the federal government via LCEF) Forest Carbon Initiative27 uses a portfolio

approach to enhance the carbon sequestration capacity of B.C.’s forests. As well, B.C.’s Wood First

Initiative28 encourages the innovative use of wood in buildings. In addition, B.C. has also developed

policies and projects to increase the use of low carbon and renewable materials in all public sector

infrastructure projects.

20 https://www.ontario.ca/page/made-in-ontario-environment-plan 21 https://www.ontario.ca/page/sustainable-growth-ontarios-forest-sector-strategy 22 https://forestsontario.ca/en/program/50-million-tree-program 23 https://friaa.ab.ca/programs/enhanced-reforestation-of-legacy-disturbance-enrld/ 24 https://www.alberta.ca/mountain-pine-beetle-in-alberta.aspx 25 https://www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/environment/climate-change/action/cleanbc/cleanbc_2018-bc-climate-strategy.pdf 26 https://cleanbc.gov.bc.ca/app/uploads/sites/436/2020/03/2019-ClimateChange-Accountability-Report-web.pdf?2 27 https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/environment/natural-resource-stewardship/natural-resources-climate-change/natural-resources-climate- change-mitigation/forest-carbon-initiative 28 https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/industry/forestry/supporting-innovation/wood-first-initiative

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Update on Progress

Over the past five years, an intensive national effort has been made to put in place the measures needed

to put Canada on a path to significantly reduce emissions. The PCF has guided this progress, reducing

national emissions that were on a steady upward trend prior to its implementation. While the progress

and foundation set by the PCF have been vital to Canada’s GHG emission reductions, Canada strives

to do more to address the ever-increasing impacts of climate change. Canada released its SCP to

demonstrate the federal Government’s commitment to exceeding Canada’s original 2030 target of a

30% reduction below 2005 levels.

Canada’s latest GHG National Inventory Report29 (published in April 2021) showed that emissions

were 730 Mt CO2e in 2019. Based on the Government’s emission projections in the SCP, the proposed

actions outlined in the SCP – once fully implemented – enable Canada to exceed its previous 2030

target of 511 Mt CO2e (a 30% reduction below 2005 levels). The SCP projects GHG emissions of 503

Mt CO2e in 2030, providing a 31% reduction below 2005 GHG emission levels. In terms of the land

sector, the SCP modeling projects that land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF), plus the

expected impact of its proposed natural climate solutions and the measures in the plan to reduce

emissions from fertilizer use in agriculture account for 27 Mt CO2e of this reduction.

(Source: Canada’s Enhanced NDC submission)

Canada’s enhanced NDC requires emissions to reach 401-438 Mt CO2e by 2030 – a 40-45% reduction

below 2005 levels. Factoring in the Government of Canada’s 2021 budget measures and additional

actions, such as continued alignment with the United States, Canada’s 2030 emissions would fall to

468 Mt CO2e by 2030 (equivalent to 36% below 2005 levels). Canada’s modeling likely

underestimates emission reductions because it does not capture the full range of innovative

technologies that are in early stages of the commercialization process nor does it reflect the likely

29 https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/climate-change/greenhouse-gas-emissions/inventory.html

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improvements in technology performance or cost reductions. Further, additional provincial and

territorial measures will build on the impacts of the proposed federal measures in the SCP, leading to

further emission reductions. The Government of Canada is committed to continue working with its

partners to identify and support new climate actions.

Major Forest Disturbances in Canada

Wildland Fire in Canada

Canadian wildland fire agencies demonstrated their commitment to wildland fire preparedness and

response through active hiring of fire personnel, adjusting training practices to minimize contact and

slow COVID-19 spread potential, and assessing prescribed burning operations. 2021 has been one of

Canada’s busiest wildfire seasons in recent years with over 6,100 wildfires (33% more than the 5-year

average)30 impacting five provinces and territories across Canada. High level of fire activity led to

multiple wildland fire related business interruptions in the wood manufacturing industry. A

combination of factors such as unfavourable market conditions, transportation delays and limited

supply of lumber suggests that over 165 million broad feet of lumber production may have been

forgone due to wildfire related evacuations. For historical comparison, wildfires in 2017 led to the lost

production of over 98 million board feet of softwood lumber. During the 2021 wildfire season, Canada

received international resources from Mexico, South Africa and Australia. The COVID-19 pandemic

continued to be a widespread health risk that resulted in some international partners being unable to

assist due to ongoing restrictions. All parties involved undertook vaccinations, PCR testing, and all

planned precautions.

Nonetheless, Canada is experiencing the effects of climate change (warmer temperatures,

unpredictable precipitation, more lightning strikes, drier forest conditions) that are resulting in longer

fire seasons, an increase in the number of large forest fires and the total area burned. Since the 1970’s,

annual area burned has almost doubled and the number of large fires (greater than 200k hectares) has

increased significantly. Since 1990, there has been an average of 8,000 wildfires burning

approximately 2.5 million hectares per year, with these numbers trending upwards. Over the last

decade, more than half of the years saw an area burned well above the annual average and experienced

large fire events where wildfires grew to greater than 200k hectares in size. Experts predict that by

2100, the average annual area burned could double.31

This increase in annual area burned, combined with an increase in the number of people living,

working, and recreating in our forests, has resulted in rising wildland fire management costs, increased

property and economic losses and higher post-event recovery costs for governments, citizens, and

private industry. Total costs for wildfire management activities over the last decade have ranged

between $800 million and $1.4 billion per year, depending on the level of fire activity. Costs have risen

by about $120 million per decade since the 1970s, and average annual costs for the country will

continue to rise. Devastating fires like those in the province of British Columbia in 2017 and 2018, and

in the province of Alberta in 2016, are extremely expensive to manage and result in evacuations,

damage to homes and businesses, and huge losses of merchantable timber.

30 Up to August 31, 2021: https://ciffc.net/en/ciffc/sitrep/2021-08-31 31 https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/forests/topics/fires-insects-and-disturbances/blueprint-wildland-fire-science-canada-2019-2029/21614

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Given the rising costs, impacts to communities and the need to work collaboratively on wildfire

management and research, Provincial, Territorial and Federal governments are working together to

advance the Canadian Wildland Fire Strategy32 through a range of actions. These include improving

cross-jurisdictional preparedness and response capability, increasing investments in fire research

innovation and enhancing commitments to resilient communities. Recently, the CCFM has identified

that a greater emphasis on wildland prevention and mitigation is needed to increase wildland fire

resilience in Canada and reduce future wildfire risk. Positive steps have been taken to advance on this

priority, such as CCFM endorsing the CIFFC mandate in September 2020 to include emergency

management pillars prevention and mitigation in addition to CIFFC’s current mandate on preparation

and response. The Government of Canada has recently invested additional funding to expand mapping

of wildfire risk in northern forests of Canada and increased capacity support for CIFFC to increase

wildfire risk assessment and continue to build resiliency to wildland fire.

Pests

Spruce Budworm in Eastern Canada

Spruce budworm is one of the most damaging pests in North America, with most regions of Canada

reporting defoliation damage each year. During major outbreaks, spruce budworm causes disruptions

to the forest industry and affects jobs, recreation and tourism, especially for those communities and

regions that are heavily forest-sector dependant. The last extensive outbreak of spruce budworm in

Canada reached its peak in the 1970s, and covered more than 50 million hectares across Quebec,

Ontario, and Atlantic Canada, resulting in fibre losses of about 500 million cubic metres of spruce and

fir, with a commercial value of about $12.5 billion in Quebec alone.

The most recent spruce budworm outbreak began in 2006 in Quebec. As of 2020, it had spread to cover

more than 13.5 million hectares, with the potential to spread further through Canada’s Atlantic

provinces, Ontario and the eastern United States. The Government of Quebec has led an active

management program since 2009, which has included tree foliage protection through spraying of a

biological insecticide. Quebec has earmarked $55 million for these treatments in 2021. Spruce

budworm populations are also rising in Ontario with visible damage starting to appear in northeastern

forests of the province. Ontario has delivered a treatment program for the first time in 2021, which is

expected to continue and increase in future years

Due to the potential negative effects of a larger outbreak in eastern Canada, the federal government is

working with provincial partners, industry, and academia to test and evaluate early intervention

strategies aimed at managing spruce budworm populations while they are still below an outbreak

threshold.

The Government of Canada is providing funding of up to $74 million over 2019-2022 for the Spruce

Budworm Early Intervention Strategy Phase II. It leverages up to $50 million from the provinces of

New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Labrador, and industry. The

strategy aims to equip the Canadian forest sector with an innovative, science-based, and effective pest

management approach that can be applied to impending outbreaks of spruce budworm across Canada.

NRCan researchers will continue to work closely with provincial governments and the forest sector

across Canada to develop science-based solutions to protect forests and keep spruce budworm

32 https://www.ccfm.org/english/coreproducts-wildlandfires.asp

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populations low. Research results to date are positive, indicating that an early intervention strategy

may be a viable option to manage spruce budworm.

Mountain Pine Beetle in Western Canada

The mountain pine beetle is a native insect that attacks pines in western North American forests. Since

the current beetle epidemic started in the early 1990s, mountain pine beetle has killed more than 50%

of British Columbia’s commercial pine trees and have caused widespread timber losses in dense stands

of lodgepole pine in the central interior of the province. The beetle has now spread far beyond its

historic range into northern British Columbia and eastward into the boreal forest of north-central

Alberta. In addition, the infestation in and beyond Canada’s national parks in the Rocky Mountains

creates risks for surrounding provincial forests and forest industry operations. Scientists have recently

completed a risk assessment of the risk that the beetle may continue to spread eastward across Canada’s

boreal forest.33 The Government of Alberta has led an active management program since 2006.

The Government of Canada is concerned about the impact of the beetle infestation on forest

communities and is working in collaboration with the provinces, territories, stakeholders and

communities across Canada to respond to the challenges it poses. The Government of Canada is

providing up to $68 million over three years (2020-21 to 2022-23) to help control, research and mitigate

the impacts of the mountain pine beetle on Canada’s forests. More specifically, this new funding is

helping address the outbreak in Alberta and the Rocky Mountain National Parks while mitigating

negative impacts on the forest sector and communities. Ongoing research on mountain pine beetle in

newly invaded ecosystems is also supported to assist with strategic approaches to slow the spread of

this pest eastward across Canada.

Emerging Issues

Emerald ash borer is an invasive insect introduced in some parts of Canada that represents a serious

threat to urban trees and natural forests. Emerald ash borer is now found in southern Ontario and the

City of Thunder Bay, Ontario, as well as southern Quebec, southern and western New Brunswick,

Manitoba (City of Winnipeg), and Nova Scotia (Halifax County). All native North American ash trees

are susceptible to emerald ash borer and it has killed millions of ash trees in Canada and the U.S. In

infested areas, 99% of ash trees are expected to die within 10 years from the first detection of the insect.

A study in Canada estimated that, over a 30-year time horizon, the potential costs of emerald ash borer

to Canadian municipalities could be $524 million or higher. Research helps improve the effectiveness

of detection and management response to limit the economic and ecological impact of the insect.

Trade Policy

In addition to the Canada-United States-Mexico Agreement (CUSMA) (2020) that superseded NAFTA

when it came into force, Canada has free trade agreements in force with:

 Canada-UK Trade Continuity Agreement (2021)

 Six of the parties of the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) (Australia, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, and Singapore and Vietnam

(2018), not yet in force for Brunei Darussalam, Chile, Malaysia and Peru);

33 http://cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/publications?id=39805

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 The European Union through the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) (2017);

 Ukraine (2017);

 Korea (2015);

 Honduras (2014);

 Panama (2013);

 Jordan (2012);

 Colombia (2011);

 Peru (2009);

 The European Free Trade Association (2009);

 Costa Rica (2002);

 Chile (1997); and,

 Israel (1997, modernized in 2019).

Canada is also negotiating free trade agreements with Indonesia, Mercosur, the Pacific Alliance, India,

Japan, Morocco, the Caribbean Community, the Dominican Republic, Singapore, Guatemala,

Nicaragua and El Salvador. Canada is engaged in exploratory trade discussions with ASEAN, Turkey,

the Philippines and Thailand. Canada is seeking to address the trade in forest products and the

sustainable management of forests in its suite of modern trade agreements.

Phytosanitary Measures

Canadian experts take an active role in international fora related to phytosanitary measures, including:

the North American Plant Protection Organization, the International Plant Protection Convention and

the International Forest Quarantine Research Group.

Within the International Plant Protection Convention, Canada is a global leader and is active in the

development of regional and international phytosanitary standards (e.g. forest products systems

approach standard RSPM 41, wood packaging standard, ISPM 15, and the international movement of

wood standard, ISPM 39). The Canadian Heat Treated Wood Products Certification Program is the

official certification system for the export of wood products to countries requiring heat treatment. The

Canadian Wood Packaging Certification Program certifies that the wood packaging materials for

export satisfies the international requirement of ISPM 15. Since 2019, the Canadian Green Sawn Wood

Program has been recognized internationally and provides the basis for phytosanitary certification of

green sawn wood through a systems approach.

Facilitating Identification of Timber in Trade

Canada’s Wild Animal and Plant Protection and Regulation of International and Interprovincial Trade

Act and its enabling regulation (the Wild Animal and Plant Trade Regulation) prohibit the import of

timber and timber products into Canada that were taken, possessed, distributed or transported in

contravention of any foreign laws.

Canada is developing science tools to better track forest commodities in trade and, through national

and international collaboration, to contribute to global efforts to address illegality in forest harvesting

and international forest products trade. Over the next three years, Canada will continue funding

domestic research to operationalize innovative tools for species identification in order to bring

efficiency and scientific robustness to the identification of CITES tree species and other species

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common in trade in Canada. This research will be done in collaboration with international partners,

such as the U.S. Forest Service, the Global Timber Tracking Network and several universities.

III. Market Drivers & Trends

The Canadian forest sector grew steadily from 2013 until 2016. In 2017, the forest sector contracted

2.4% and in 2018 by 0.6%, before a greater decline of 8.3% in 2019. In 2020 and on an annualized

basis, the forest sector has contracted 3%. By contrast, the overall Canadian economy grew 1.7% in

2019 and contracted by 5.3% in 2020. While demand for solid wood products is expected to remain

strong in 2021, further increases in production will be limited by fibre supply challenges, most notably

in British Columbia. Production of both newsprint and printing and writing paper is expected to

continue its downward trend in 2021.

The economic contribution of the sector is heavily influenced by that of traditional trading partners

(the U.S.) and on traditional uses of wood (pulp, paper and softwood lumber). However, the growth of

emerging markets had contributed to significant market diversification over the past decade. Between

2010 and 2019, exports of wood pulp to China increased 66% and exports of wood products increased

64%. However, the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted global economies and interfered with the

transportation of goods. As a result, Canada refocused its shipments of forest products to the U.S.

(share of exports to the U.S. increased to 75% in 2020, a growth of nearly 11% year/year).

Sustainability

Increased global focus on climate change mitigation, environmental sustainability and plastic pollution

is driving demand for new, lower impact bio-based products and technologies to substitute

conventional fossil fuel-based products or energy and carbon intensive processes and technologies. For

example: mass timber can be used as a renewable alternative to conventional building materials when

constructing tall buildings, bioplastics as a substitute for plastics derived from fossil fuels, liquid

biofuels as an alternative to fossil fuels, and wood pellets to create thermal energy.

Exchange Rates

Following the end of the 2008/09 global recession, the Canadian dollar (CAD) has been steadily

weakening against the US Dollar (USD) and returning to historical levels. This decline accelerated in

the first part of 2020 after a significant drop in oil prices which further weakened the CAD. Recently

oil prices have recovered, which has somewhat strengthened the CAD. As of August 2020, the value

of the CAD against the USD is nearly equal to what it was in 2019. Given that approximately 75% of

Canada’s forest products are exported to the U.S., a weaker CAD relative to the USD will generally

benefit the Canadian forest sector. However, there are some negative impacts of a weaker CAD. For

instance, Canadian companies holding debt in USD will have higher debt servicing costs.

Outside of the U.S. market, the exchange rate has been less beneficial to Canadian forest products’

competitiveness. In recent years, other countries’ currencies—such as the Russian Ruble and the

Euro—depreciated against both the Canadian and U.S. dollars, which gave those nations a competitive

boost in some international markets, such as China. However, this trend has somewhat reversed in

2020.

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U.S. Housing Market

The U.S. housing market is a major driver of softwood lumber and wood panel demand in North

America. While the U.S. housing market has strengthened considerably from the depths of the 2008

recession, the onset of the pandemic temporarily slowed this recovery. Housing starts fell over 40%

between February and April 2020, reaching a low of 938 thousand units at a seasonally adjusted annual

rate (SAAR). This level of housing starts was well below the long-term (20-year) average of 1.3 million

annual starts. However, between April and July 2020, housing starts climbed 60% to nearly 1.5 million

units (SAAR). Starts have remained well above the long-term average through the first half of 2021,

up 24% from the same period in 2020 driven by strong demand for housing after years of

underbuilding. The impacts of COVID-19 have increased demand for single-family homes. The share

of multi-family starts has declined from almost 35% in Q1 2020 to 28% in Q2 2021. As single-family

homes use about three times the amount of structural lumber as multi-family units, strength in the

single-family segment has contributed to increased demand for softwood lumber than would have been

seen with similar growth in multi-family starts.

National Building Code Changes

NRCan has funded critical research that led to the successful adoption of mid-rise 5- and 6- storey

wood frame construction in the 2015 Edition of the National Building Code of Canada (NBCC). These

provisions have been crucial for the construction of larger and taller wood buildings, and have been

fostering greater use of wood in public and private buildings across Canada.

Building on the successful adoption of the mid-rise provisions in the 2015 edition of NBCC, the

Government of Canada has been working closely with the Canadian Wood Council, the National

Research Council and FPInnovations to support code changes that would facilitate the construction of

even taller and larger wood buildings (up to 12 storeys). It is anticipated that the 2020 Edition of the

NBCC will be published in 2021 allowing mass timber construction up to 12 storeys. The provinces

of British Columbia and Alberta have adopted the NBCC proposed provisions for tall wood buildings

up to 12 storeys in their building codes, ahead of the NBCC. NRCan is also working closely with NRC,

provincial partners and with the design and construction industry to transition the NBCC to become

more performance-based which will support the adoption of innovative design and construction

technologies and help mitigate some of the challenges associated with the current regulatory

environment.

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IV. Developments in Forest Products Markets Sectors

Bioenergy

In 2018 bioenergy accounted for the second largest share of renewable energy production (heat and

electricity) after hydroelectricity in Canada. The Canadian forest sector provides over 80% of biomass-

based energy in Canada, mainly for cogeneration of heat and power for use in industrial processes and

sale to third- parties.

The wood pellets industry continues to expand rapidly. Since 2011, Canada’s production capacity has

increased 37.5% with year-over-year increases between 5-10% each year since 2014. Increased

production was first driven by demand from Europe and today new markets in Asia account for

increased demand. For example, Canadian pellet exports to Japan increased 430%, from 105,640

tonnes in 2012 to 560,817 tonnes in 2019. Further, several new Canadian pellet mills are slated to begin

production within the next five years, increasing Canada’s production capacity by 27% and many of

the companies have already announced long-term contracts with utilities in Japan and South Korea.

The Canadian pellet industry was minimally impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The forest sector

was deemed essential in Canada allowing pellet mills to continue operating and since they provide fuel

for other essential industries such as heat and electricity, the industrial demand did not decrease.

Further, most of the pellets produced in Canada are under long-term contracts ensuring long-term sales

and demand for the industry. More recently, Canadian pellets are being purchased for use in combined

bioenergy and carbon capture and storage (BECCS) facilities. Notably, in 2021, Pinnacle Renewable

Energy in western Canada was acquired by Drax Group in the UK, who will begin construction of their

first BECCS facilities in 2024.

Developing liquid fuels from biomass is an important focus for Canada, including ethanol, biodiesel,

and other wood-based biofuels. Since 2010, the Federal Fuel Regulation has required a minimum of

5% ethanol in gasoline. Provincial mandates may exceed the 5% minimum requirement. The Clean

Fuel Regulations, which is planned to come into force in 2022 for the liquid stream, is expected to

further increase demand for liquid biofuels. However, the production of drop-in liquid biofuels from

woody biomass has not reached commercial-scale yet, with production in Canada still mostly from

agricultural feedstocks.

Biojet fuel could play an important role in reducing GHG emissions in Canada. In 2016, Canada

became a signatory to the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Carbon Offsetting

Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA). The agreement requires the aviation industry

to become carbon neutral by 2020 and reduce total carbon emissions by 50% by 2050. The forest sector

can contribute to GHG reduction efforts through innovation in clean energy as well as by providing a

source of emissions reductions/removals for trading in compliance markets such as ICAO’s CORSIA.

Bioenergy and Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the International Energy Agency, and the

International Renewable Energy Agency, all recognize bioenergy with carbon capture and storage

(BECCS) as essential for limiting global warming to 1.5 °C by 2050, reducing as much as 52% of

necessary global emissions by 2050. With decades of carbon capture and storage expertise, favourable

geological formations and an abundance of forest residues, Canada is well positioned to become a

global leader in BECCS. In 2021, the Government of Canada invested $319 million over seven years

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to advance the commercial viability of carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) technologies.

This funding could support BECCS deployment in Canada through indirect advancement of CCUS

technologies and direct funding of BECCS projects. The Energy Innovation Program, with an annual

budget of $24 million, is in the process of receiving proposals for CCUS front-end engineering design

studies. The Government of Canada also introduced an investment tax credit to businesses for capital

invested in CCUS projects that will be implemented in 2022.

Value-Added Wood Products34

In 2020, Canada exported about $5.6B of value-added products, nearly exclusively to the U.S. (97%).

Exports of value-added wood products increased 18% in 2020, rebounding from a 12% decline from

the previous year, which was primarily caused by a reduction in particle board demand. Mass timber

products are part of Canada’s growing segment of value-added wood products. This growth is

exemplified by the surge in 2018 of mass timber products all across the globe and this is expected to

continue as countries (Canada included) continue to promote the use of mass timber in non-traditional

construction sectors such as tall buildings. Part of this increase in demand is attributed to recent changes

to building codes which will make it easier for builders to use mass timber in their construction

projects, as well as interest in taller and larger wood buildings due to the environmental benefits and

speed of construction. The availability of a new generation of engineered mass timber products and the

implementation of certain wood-friendly policies is also contributing to this.

To track the growth of mass timber buildings and manufacturing in Canada, Natural Resources Canada

published the first of its kind State of Mass Timber in Canada report (May 2021). This report

established a baseline dataset of nearly 500 completed or under construction projects since 2007 and

data on 21 mass timber manufacturing facilities in Canada. Some key findings include: the number of

mass timber projects has steadily increased from 2007-2019 (on average over 10% each year); and the

average size of projects is also growing steadily each year. Likewise, projects are becoming more

complex as there is more choice in mass timber products and growing market acceptance. To further

track and analyze the growth of mass timber in Canada, an interactive State of Mass Timber web-based

map35 and data dashboard was developed and published to support the report. The map is updated on

a quarterly basis and now highlights over 550 mass timber projects.

Sawn Softwood (also known as Softwood Lumber)

In 2020, Canada produced 54.7 million cubic metres36of sawn softwood. North American sawn

softwood prices showed a slight upward trend throughout 2019 and into the first quarter of 2020,

however in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, stay-at-home orders resulted in a significant increase

in demand for lumber from the repair and remodeling segment and the residential construction

segment. This increased demand, combined with North American supply constraints due to COVID-

19 related mill curtailments led to unprecedented price increases in mid-2020, with lumber prices

reaching levels never seen by experienced traders. Prices declined throughout the summer of 2021 but

remain above pre-pandemic averages.

34 In Canada, value-added wood products include wood windows and doors, factory-built homes, millwork and joinery products, shingles and shakes, containers and pallets, wooden furniture, engineered wood products such as I-beams, roof trusses, Cross-Laminated Timber and other

structural products. 35 https://nrcan-rncan.maps.arcgis.com/apps/dashboards/673e6ac7e4b34119aa83fd6891808df2 36 Figures above have been adjusted to reflect actual volumes as opposed to nominal.

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The United States is the primary destination for Canadian sawn softwood exports. In 2020, 84% of

Canada’s sawn softwood exports, by volume, went to the U.S., an increase of almost 54% over 2019

levels. Beginning in May 2017, the U.S. Department of Commerce began levying countervailing and

anti-dumping duties on certain softwood lumber products imported from Canada. Final combined duty

rates, currently averaging 8.99%, have caused instability in softwood lumber prices and export levels.

Canada has challenged the U.S. duties before WTO, NAFTA and CUSMA panels. While victories in

these challenges put increased pressure on the U.S. to return to the negotiating table, an interest in

returning to negotiations has not yet been expressed.

China is the second largest destination for Canadian sawn softwood products. From 2000 to 2013, the

volume of sawn softwood exports to China increased on average by more than 50% per year. However,

since 2013, export volumes have decreased at an average rate of nearly 10% annually, with COVID-

19 driving steeper declines. In 2020, sawn softwood export volumes to China decreased by 32% over

2019 levels. In the first six months of 2021, exports continued to decline, falling by more than 57%

compared to the same period in 2020. Slower growth in China and increased competition from Russian

and European imports have contributed to the decline in Canada’s share of China’s import market.

With extremely strong demand from the North American housing market and high lumber prices,

producers have been exporting less sawn softwood overseas.

Oriented Strand Board (OSB)

OSB represents 83% of Canada’s total structural panel exports by value. In 2020, almost all (96%) of

Canada’s OSB exports were destined for the U.S. (up from 93% in 2019), where it is mainly used in

housing construction. OSB exports increased 55% in 2020 by value, largely as a result of improved

prices for OSB in North America, primarily from increased demand from the housing sector. As of

June 2021, North American demand for OSB is forecasted to grow 3% above 2020; a reflection of

persistent growth in the residential construction sector. This upward trend is anticipated to hold in

2022.

Paper and Paperboard

In 2020, 81% of paper and paperboard products that Canada exported (by value) were destined for the

U.S. Total exports of paper and paperboard products fell 17% in 2020, due largely to the reduction of

newsprint exports, which fell 31%. The reduction in newsprint exports is a result of declining global

demand following the rise of digital media which has led to a drop in newspaper sales and reduced

print advertising. Since the onset of the pandemic, the trend in declining demand for newsprint has

accelerated.

Canadian exports of paper and paperboard products will continue to face challenges going forward,

and this is especially true for newsprint. Demand across the globe continues to decline for newsprint.

Furthermore, rising protectionism puts a negative pressure on export markets. India, Canada’s second

largest newsprint market, imposed a 10% tariff in July 2019 on newsprint and some other paper

products coming from Canada. Following the imposition of these tariffs, exports of newsprint to India

declined 13% in 2019 and another 28% in 2020.

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Wood Pulp

China is the main destination for Canadian wood pulp exports; 45% of the wood pulp Canada exported

was destined for China. The U.S. is the second largest destination for Canadian wood pulp, importing

nearly 35% of Canada’s exported wood pulp in 2020. While exports of Canadian wood pulp declined

for most countries in 2020, the declines were relatively lower for China (-16%) and the U.S. (-11%)

than for the next 6 largest importers of Canadian wood pulp, where exports fell on average nearly 27%.

Similar to certain paper grades, 2020 was another challenging year for Canadian wood pulp exports,

with the total value of exports falling nearly 20% from 2019. The 2020 decrease in wood pulp exports

followed weak global demand for end-use products, combined with domestic fibre supply challenges.

Moreover, limitations in global transportation due to COVID-19 have exponentially increased shipping

prices. Thus, with the overall cost of importing wood pulp overseas elevated, global demand for

Canadian wood pulp has dampened. These logistical challenges are expected to continue into 2022.

Looking forward, the recent slowing of China’s economy in 2021 has weakened domestic

consumption, while pulp demand in the U.S. will likely remain solid for the rest of 2021. A recent

surge in COVID rates in China and land transportation challenges to the U.S. (expensive cost of trucks

and a shortage of trucks and drivers), are expected to impact at least short-term demand. Similarly on

the supply side, disrupted logistics remain a notable challenge to pulp supply. Increasing costs for

container shipments and trucking rates have resulted in elevated in-transit pulp volumes. It is

unexpected that these conditions with improve in the first half of 2022.

Bioproducts

In Canada, the domestic market for biopolymers and bioplastics was worth an estimated $165.2 million

USD in 2019, and is projected to reach $353.2 million USD by 2025. From 2018 to 2020, the

Innovative Solutions Canada program hosted a series of Plastics Challenges ranging from sustainable

alternatives to plastic packaging to improved compostability of bioplastics. In 2021, the Government

of Canada announced $1.3M to support five projects that aim to reduce plastic waste, prevent plastic

pollution and support the transition to a national circular plastics economy.

The Canadian market for lignin is estimated to be worth $15.8 million USD, and is projected to reach

$19 million USD by 2025. The most significant application of lignin in Canada is as a concrete

additive, representing 50.9% of the domestic market. Kraft lignin is the fastest growing market segment

in Canada. Canada has one commercial lignin recovery operation, and most of this recovered lignin is

burned to provide energy for plant operations.

The nanocellulose market in Canada was estimated to be worth $10.9 million USD in 2019, and is

projected to reach $28.5 million USD by 2025. The nanocellulose product segment with the largest

and fastest growing market share (65.3%) is cellulose nanocrystals. By application, composites and

packaging are the largest segment (30.2%) of the domestic nanocellulose market, with personal care

products representing the fastest growing application.

UNITED NATIONS

Economic and Social Council

Committee on Forests and the Forest Industry

22-25 November 2021

TIMBER FORECASTS

PRODUCTION AND TRADE

DATA FOR 2020-2022

Table 1 – Sawn Softwood Table 2 – Sawn Hardwood (total) Table 2a – Sawn Hardwood (temperate) Table 2b – Sawn Hardwood (tropical) Table 3 – Veneer Sheets Table 4 – Plywood Table 5 – Particle Board (excluding OSB) Table 5a – Oriented Strand Board Table 6 – Fibreboard Table 6a – Hardboard Table 6b – MDF Table 6c – Other Fibreboard

UNECE COFFI and FAO EFC Foresta2021 page 1

Table 7 – Wood Pulp Table 8 – Paper and Paperboard Table 9 – Removals of wood in the rough Table 9a – Removals of wood in the rough (softwood) Table 9b – Removals of wood in the rough (hardwood) Table 10 – Softwood logs Table 11 – Hardwood logs Table 11a – Hardwood logs (temperate) Table 11b – Hardwood logs (tropical) Table 12 – Pulpwood Table 12a – Pulpwood (softwood) Table 12b – Pulpwood (hardwood) Table 12c – Wood Residues, Chips and Particles Table 13 – Wood Pellets Table 14 – Europe: Summary of Market Forecast Table 15 – North America: Summary of Market Forecast Table 16 – Russian Federation: Summary of Market Forecast Table 17 - Europe: Trade in forest products by main product groups, 1979-81 and 1999-2001 (average) and 2016 to 2020 Table 18 - Europe: Apparent consumption of selected forest products, 1979-81 and 1999-2001 (average), 2016 to 2020, and forecasts for 2021 and 2022 Table 19 - United States: Apparent consumption and imports of selected forest products 1979-81 and 1999-2001 (average), 2016 to 2020, and forecasts for 2021 and 2022

Data as of November 26, 2021.

UNECE COFFI and FAO EFC Foresta2021 page 2

Notes Data are shown only for countries providing forecasts. Sub-regional totals thus reflect only the reporting countries of the subregion. Austrian removals data do not include trees outside the forest. Wood chip trade includes recovered post-consumer wood. German estimates of removals for 2021 and 2022 are highly sensitive to assumptions of beetle damage and drought, and significant inventory swings. Actual consumption in 2021 is higher than indicated due to use of stocks built up in 2018-2020. Actual consumption of pellets in 2020 should be approximately 300,000 mt less than the indicated figure as this amount was stored by new market participants. Italy MDF/HDF production data include only MDF. Montenegro removal figures are from Directorate of Forests, other figures are based on Statistical Office information. Slovenia trade figures are lower than actual as they do not include estimates for non-recorded trade with other EU countries. Polish trade data exclude non-reporters (estimated at 1-3% of total). Residues exclude recovered wood. Polish sawnwood data exclude shop lumber. Wood pulp production is in metric tonnes, not air-dried, and excludes recovered fibre pulp. Wood pellets production data includes briquettes and non-wood based material. United Kingdom production figures for OSB and wood pulp are secretariat estimates. Data on wood chips and residues for Turkey include those from secondary processing. For tables 1-13, data in italics are secretariat estimates or repeated data. All other data are from national sources and are of course estimates for the current and future year. Countries with nil, missing or confidential data for all years on a table are not shown. Consumption figures are the sum of production and national imports minus national exports. Softwood = coniferous, hardwood = non-coniferous.

UNECE COFFI and FAO EFC Foresta2021 page 3

2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 Austria 6 165 6 650 6 700 10 339 10 800 11 300 1 777 1 950 1 600 5 951 6 100 6 200 Autriche Bosnia-Herzegovina 226 189 204 810 779 812 7 10 12 590 600 620 Bosnie-Herzegovine Cyprus 29 31 31 1 1 1 28 30 30 0 0 0 Chypre Czech Republic 2 343 1 875 1 924 5 213 5 015 5 144 483 460 480 3 352 3 600 3 700 République tchèque Estonia 2 073 2 420 2 420 1 700 1 700 1 700 1 364 1 720 1 720 991 1 000 1 000 Estonie Finland 3 252 3 280 3 280 10 880 12 000 12 200 569 480 480 8 198 9 200 9 400 Finlande France 8 187 8 492 8 400 6 798 7 000 7 000 2 437 2 484 2 400 1 048 992 1 000 France Germany 20 630 22 300 22 500 25 216 27 000 27 000 5 519 6 300 6 000 10 105 11 000 10 500 Allemagne Hungary 910 858 858 120 134 134 796 768 768 7 44 44 Hongrie Ireland 492 937 997 1 012 1 312 1 397 310 375 400 830 750 800 Irlande Italy 3 714 4 412 4 412 274 342 342 3 740 4 282 4 282 300 213 213 Italie Latvia 1 383 1 600 1 300 3 311 3 000 3 000 1 106 1 600 1 300 3 034 3 000 3 000 Lettonie Luxembourg 54 54 54 39 39 39 27 27 27 12 12 12 Luxembourg Malta 7 6 7 0 0 0 7 6 7 0 0 0 Malte Montenegro 32 32 32 129 129 129 9 9 9 106 106 106 Monténégro Netherlands 2 631 2 520 2 600 95 100 100 3 132 2 900 3 000 596 480 500 Pays-Bas North Macedonia 24 24 24 2 2 2 23 23 23 0 0 0 Macédoine du Nord Poland 4 460 4 550 4 600 4 181 4 300 4 400 1 237 1 250 1 300 958 1 000 1 100 Pologne Portugal 770 770 780 874 880 890 133 120 130 237 230 240 Portugal Serbia 401 438 453 112 130 135 291 310 320 2 2 2 Serbie Slovakia 576 650 700 1 182 1 000 1 050 352 400 400 959 750 750 Slovaquie Slovenia 704 392 439 877 717 729 657 670 690 830 995 980 Slovénie Spain 2 436 3 446 3 712 1 813 2 773 2 940 829 977 1 044 206 304 272 Espagne Sweden 5 123 6 300 6 300 18 500 18 900 18 800 599 500 400 13 976 13 100 12 900 Suède Switzerland 1 216 1 245 1 275 1 120 1 150 1 180 293 280 275 197 185 180 Suisse Turkey 6 337 6 396 6 396 6 091 6 150 6 150 380 380 380 134 134 134 Turquie United Kingdom 9 772 10 769 11 137 3 302 3 633 3 633 6 677 7 345 7 712 208 208 208 Royaume-Uni Total Europe 83 947 90 637 91 535 103 993 108 986 110 207 32 780 35 655 35 188 52 826 54 004 53 861 Total Europe Armenia 182 182 182 0 0 0 182 182 182 0 0 0 Arménie Moldova 221 221 221 2 2 2 219 219 219 0 0 0 Moldova Russia 9 127 10 145 11 250 38 918 40 086 42 090 42 42 42 29 833 29 982 30 882 Russie Total EECCA 9 530 10 549 11 653 38 920 40 088 42 092 444 444 444 29 833 29 983 30 882 Total EOCAC Canada a 13 784 20 386 22 353 39 397 42 849 44 890 631 645 704 26 243 23 108 23 241 Canada a

United States a 86 118 87 846 88 690 62 446 63 831 64 874 25 631 26 033 25 875 1 959 2 019 2 059 Etats-Unis a

Total North America 99 902 108 231 111 043 101 843 106 680 109 764 26 261 26 678 26 579 28 202 25 127 25 300 Total Amérique du Nord a converted from nominal to actual size using factor of 0.72 a convertis du dimension nominale au véritable avec une facteur du 0.72

Production Imports - Importations

TABLE 1

Apparent Consumption Consommation Apparente Pays

SAWN SOFTWOOD SCIAGES CONIFERES

1000 m3 Data only for those countries providing forecasts - Données uniquement pour les pays fournissant des prévisions

Exports - ExportationsCountry

UNECE COFFI and FAO EFC Foresta2021 page 4

Imports Exports

2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 Austria 273 285 295 237 265 275 165 170 180 129 150 160 Autriche Bosnia-Herzegovina 1 224 1 190 1 230 1 350 1 320 1 360 129 120 130 256 250 260 Bosnie-Herzegovine Cyprus 7 9 9 0 0 0 7 9 9 0 0 0 Chypre Czech Republic 388 385 387 145 145 146 288 290 292 45 50 51 République tchèque Estonia 131 180 180 100 100 100 146 180 180 115 100 100 Estonie Finland 47 42 42 36 36 36 31 31 31 20 25 25 Finlande France 1 143 1 183 1 240 1 336 1 400 1 450 276 281 290 469 499 500 France Germany 660 642 640 962 1 010 1 000 379 416 400 681 784 760 Allemagne Hungary 53 215 215 280 334 334 49 81 81 276 201 201 Hongrie Ireland 29 41 42 2 8 9 29 35 35 3 2 2 Irlande Italy 986 1 259 1 259 612 826 826 521 631 631 147 197 197 Italie Latvia 174 160 200 588 650 600 45 70 50 459 560 450 Lettonie Luxembourg 57 57 57 39 39 39 40 40 40 22 22 22 Luxembourg Malta 7 6 7 0 0 0 7 6 7 0 0 0 Malte Montenegro -23 -23 -23 2 2 2 3 3 3 29 29 29 Monténégro Netherlands 347 328 333 54 51 51 380 357 362 87 80 80 Pays-Bas North Macedonia 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 Macédoine du Nord Poland 515 540 550 486 510 530 250 280 300 221 250 280 Pologne Portugal 223 219 210 148 149 150 96 100 100 22 30 40 Portugal Serbia 141 155 170 358 375 390 91 95 100 308 315 320 Serbie Slovakia 389 400 425 340 350 400 165 150 150 116 100 125 Slovaquie Slovenia 121 136 136 125 141 141 98 100 100 102 105 105 Slovénie Spain 545 609 693 487 523 544 109 113 178 51 27 29 Espagne Sweden 106 118 103 100 120 110 44 38 30 37 40 37 Suède Switzerland 74 80 85 50 55 60 44 40 40 20 15 15 Suisse Turkey 2 599 2 562 2 562 2 837 2 800 2 800 71 71 71 309 309 309 Turquie United Kingdom 555 555 555 37 37 37 541 541 541 23 23 23 Royaume-Un Total Europe 10 775 11 339 11 607 10 717 11 252 11 395 4 008 4 254 4 336 3 950 4 167 4 124 Total Europe Armenia 2 2 2 0 0 0 2 2 2 1 1 1 Arménie Moldova 12 12 12 9 9 9 4 4 4 0 0 0 Moldova Russia 1 341 1 381 1 479 2 879 2 965 3 143 6 6 6 1 544 1 590 1 670 Russie Total EECCA 1 355 1 395 1 493 2 888 2 974 3 152 12 12 12 1 545 1 591 1 670 Total EOCAC Canada 1 261 1 350 1 350 997 942 855 753 880 959 489 472 464 Canada United States 13 806 14 204 14 409 16 688 16 874 17 009 630 672 692 3 511 3 342 3 293 Etats-Unis Total North America 15 067 15 554 15 759 17 685 17 816 17 864 1 383 1 552 1 651 4 000 3 814 3 757 Total Amérique du Nord

Exports - ExportationsCountry Production Imports - Importations

TABLE 2

Apparent Consumption Consommation Apparente Pays

SAWN HARDWOOD (total) Data only for those countries providing forecasts - Données uniquement pour les pays fournissant des prévisions

SCIAGES NON-CONIFERES (total)

1000 m3

UNECE COFFI and FAO EFC Foresta2021 page 5

Imports Exports

2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 Austria 269 281 291 237 265 275 161 165 175 129 149 159 Autriche Bosnia-Herzegovina 1 219 1 186 1 226 1 347 1 318 1 358 128 118 128 256 250 260 Bosnie-Herzegovine Cyprus 5 6 6 0 0 0 5 6 6 0 0 0 Chypre Czech Republic 381 379 381 145 145 146 279 281 283 43 48 48 République tchèque Estonia 129 177 177 100 100 100 141 175 175 112 98 98 Estonie Finland 45 41 41 36 36 36 26 27 27 17 22 22 Finlande France 1 007 1 042 1 101 1 325 1 387 1 437 148 150 160 466 495 496 France Germany 624 602 602 961 1 009 999 313 350 338 650 757 735 Allemagne Hungary 53 215 215 280 334 334 49 81 81 276 201 201 Hongrie Ireland 16 27 28 2 8 9 16 21 21 3 2 2 Irlande Italy 869 1 157 1 157 595 821 821 412 525 525 138 188 188 Italie Latvia 174 160 200 588 650 600 45 70 50 459 560 450 Lettonie Luxembourg 52 52 52 39 39 39 34 34 34 22 22 22 Luxembourg Malta 6 6 7 0 0 0 6 6 7 0 0 0 Malte Montenegro -23 -23 -23 2 2 2 3 3 3 29 29 29 Monténégro Netherlands 179 169 174 48 45 45 183 174 179 52 50 50 Pays-Bas North Macedonia 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 5 5 5 Macédoine du Nord Poland 500 524 534 483 507 527 233 262 282 216 245 275 Pologne Portugal 176 174 163 133 134 135 53 55 50 11 15 22 Portugal Serbia 138 152 167 357 374 389 89 93 98 308 315 320 Serbie Slovakia 389 397 422 340 350 400 165 147 147 116 100 125 Slovaquie Slovenia 119 135 135 125 141 141 95 98 98 102 105 105 Slovénie Spain 501 558 631 486 520 541 63 60 114 47 22 24 Espagne Sweden 105 117 102 100 120 110 42 37 29 37 40 37 Suède Switzerland 65 71 76 47 52 57 38 34 34 20 15 15 Suisse Turkey 2 563 2 526 2 526 2 832 2 795 2 795 39 39 39 308 308 308 Turquie United Kingdom 489 489 489 37 37 37 470 470 470 18 18 18 Royaume-Un Total Europe 10 051 10 623 10 882 10 650 11 195 11 338 3 239 3 486 3 557 3 838 4 057 4 013 Total Europe Armenia 2 2 2 0 0 0 2 2 2 1 1 1 Arménie Moldova 12 12 12 9 9 9 3 3 3 0 0 0 Moldova Russia 1 336 1 376 1 474 2 879 2 965 3 143 1 1 1 1 544 1 590 1 670 Russie Total EECCA 1 350 1 390 1 488 2 888 2 974 3 152 7 7 7 1 545 1 591 1 670 Total EOCAC Canada 1 242 1 350 1 354 997 942 855 728 870 950 482 462 451 Canada United States 13 691 14 076 14 275 16 688 16 874 17 009 469 500 516 3 465 3 298 3 250 Etats-Unis Total North America 14 933 15 427 15 629 17 685 17 816 17 864 1 196 1 370 1 466 3 948 3 760 3 701 Total Amérique du Nord

Exports - ExportationsCountry Production Imports - Importations

TABLE 2a

Apparent Consumption Consommation Apparente Pays

SAWN HARDWOOD (temperate) Data only for those countries providing forecasts - Données uniquement pour les pays fournissant des prévisions

SCIAGES NON-CONIFERES (zone tempérée)

1000 m3

UNECE COFFI and FAO EFC Foresta2021 page 6

Imports Exports

2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 Austria 4 4 4 0 0 0 5 5 5 1 1 1 Autriche Bosnia-Herzegovina 4 4 4 3 2 2 1 2 2 0 0 0 Bosnie-Herzegovine Bulgaria 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bulgarie Cyprus 2 3 3 0 0 0 2 3 3 0 0 0 Chypre Czech Republic 7 6 6 0 0 0 10 9 9 2 2 3 République tchèque Estonia 2 3 3 0 0 0 5 5 5 2 2 2 Estonie Finland 1 1 1 0 0 0 4 4 4 3 3 3 Finlande France 136 141 139 11 13 13 128 131 130 3 4 4 France Germany 36 40 38 1 1 1 66 66 62 31 27 25 Allemagne Ireland 13 14 14 0 0 0 13 14 14 0 0 0 Irlande Italy 118 102 102 17 5 5 109 106 106 9 9 9 Italie Luxembourg 6 5 5 0 0 0 6 6 6 0 0 0 Luxembourg Malta 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Malte Netherlands 168 159 159 6 6 6 197 183 183 35 30 30 Pays-Bas North Macedonia 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 Macédoine du Nord Poland 15 16 16 3 3 3 17 18 18 5 5 5 Pologne Portugal 47 45 47 15 15 15 43 45 50 11 15 18 Portugal Serbia 3 3 3 1 1 1 2 2 2 0 0 0 Serbie Slovakia 0 3 3 0 0 0 0 3 3 0 0 0 Slovaquie Slovenia 2 1 2 0 0 0 2 2 2 0 0 1 Slovénie Spain 44 51 62 2 3 3 46 53 64 4 5 5 Espagne Sweden 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 Suède Switzerland 9 9 9 3 3 3 6 6 6 0 0 0 Suisse Turkey 36 36 36 5 5 5 32 32 32 1 1 1 Turquie United Kingdom 67 67 67 0 0 0 71 71 71 5 5 5 Royaume-Un Total Europe 724 715 725 68 57 57 769 768 779 113 110 111 Total Europe Russia 5 5 5 0 0 0 5 5 5 0 0 0 Russie Total EECCA 5 5 5 0 0 0 5 5 5 0 0 0 Total EOCAC Canada 19 0 -4 0 0 0 25 10 9 6 10 13 Canada United States 115 128 134 0 0 0 161 172 177 46 44 43 Etats-Unis Total North America 134 128 130 0 0 0 186 182 186 53 54 56 Total Amérique du Nord

TABLE 2b

Apparent Consumption Consommation Apparente Pays

SAWN HARDWOOD (tropical) SCIAGES NON-CONIFERES (tropicale)

1000 m3

Exports - ExportationsCountry

Data only for those countries providing forecasts - Données uniquement pour les pays fournissant des prévisions

Production Imports - Importations

UNECE COFFI and FAO EFC Foresta2021 page 7

Imports Exports

2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 Austria 45 55 55 8 8 8 55 66 66 17 19 19 Autriche Bosnia-Herzegovina 40 42 42 38 40 42 8 12 12 6 10 12 Bosnie-Herzegovine Cyprus 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 Chypre Czech Republic 21 35 36 29 29 29 38 60 61 47 55 55 République tchèque Estonia 78 55 55 71 70 70 64 80 80 57 95 95 Estonie Finland 13 12 12 152 173 173 7 9 9 146 170 170 Finlande France 185 200 200 157 160 160 134 140 140 106 100 100 France Germany 150 147 141 100 100 100 104 90 82 55 43 41 Allemagne Hungary 83 85 85 35 43 43 69 69 69 21 27 27 Hongrie Ireland 4 4 4 0 0 0 5 5 5 1 1 1 Irlande Italy 254 277 277 107 107 107 174 206 206 27 36 36 Italie Latvia 120 125 125 0 0 0 148 150 150 28 25 25 Lettonie Luxembourg 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Luxembourg Malta 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 Malte Netherlands 18 18 18 0 0 0 30 30 30 12 12 12 Pays-Bas North Macedonia 9 9 9 0 0 0 10 10 10 1 1 1 Macédoine du Nord Poland 98 101 107 39 41 45 74 75 78 15 15 16 Pologne Portugal 2 10 5 25 45 40 48 30 35 71 65 70 Portugal Serbia 21 23 24 28 30 31 13 14 15 20 21 22 Serbie Slovakia 22 25 25 21 20 20 19 20 20 17 15 15 Slovaquie Slovenia 10 3 5 19 18 18 12 14 14 22 29 27 Slovénie Spain 142 155 176 69 106 106 106 92 119 33 42 49 Espagne Sweden 21 27 23 60 65 60 12 15 13 51 53 50 Suède Switzerland 3 3 3 0 0 0 4 4 4 1 1 1 Suisse Turkey 78 78 78 75 75 75 16 16 16 13 13 13 Turquie United Kingdom 20 20 20 0 0 0 22 22 22 2 2 2 Royaume-Un Total Europe 1 438 1 511 1 527 1 032 1 130 1 127 1 175 1 231 1 259 769 850 859 Total Europe Armenia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Arménie Moldova 15 15 15 0 0 0 15 15 15 0 0 0 Moldova Russia 1 096 1 440 1 692 1 570 1 963 2 257 13 13 13 487 535 578 Russie Total EECCA 1 111 1 455 1 707 1 570 1 963 2 257 28 28 28 487 535 578 Total EOCAC Canada 178 119 111 581 565 565 145 193 203 549 639 656 Canada United States 2 668 2 778 2 851 2 284 2 370 2 445 600 629 632 215 221 226 Etats-Unis Total North America 2 846 2 896 2 962 2 866 2 934 3 010 745 822 835 764 860 883 Total Amérique du Nord Note: Definition of veneers excludes domestic use for plywood. La définition des placages exclus la conversion directe en contreplaqué.

Production Imports - Importations

TABLE 3

Apparent Consumption Consommation Apparente Pays

VENEER SHEETS FEUILLES DE PLACAGE

1000 m3 Data only for those countries providing forecasts - Données uniquement pour les pays fournissant des prévisions

Exports - ExportationsCountry

UNECE COFFI and FAO EFC Foresta2021 page 8

Imports Exports

2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 Austria 102 62 62 167 167 167 234 275 275 299 380 380 Autriche Bosnia-Herzegovina 26 25 29 28 30 32 15 12 15 16 17 18 Bosnie-Herzegovine Cyprus 17 19 19 0 0 0 17 19 19 0 0 0 Chypre Czech Republic 207 163 167 263 257 262 129 100 105 186 195 200 République tchèque Estonia 82 88 88 165 170 170 93 125 125 176 207 207 Estonie Finland 290 320 320 990 1 170 1 140 128 120 120 828 970 940 Finlande France 550 581 620 234 240 250 477 501 530 161 160 160 France Germany 1 146 840 1 000 100 100 100 1 410 1 100 1 250 363 360 350 Allemagne Hungary 265 275 275 49 58 58 375 310 310 159 93 93 Hongrie Ireland 57 55 57 0 0 0 57 55 57 0 0 0 Irlande Italy 422 528 528 265 265 265 348 464 464 191 201 201 Italie Latvia 61 45 45 318 310 310 100 95 95 357 360 360 Lettonie Luxembourg 8 8 8 0 0 0 10 10 10 2 2 2 Luxembourg Malta 10 12 14 0 0 0 10 12 14 0 0 0 Malte Montenegro 4 4 4 0 0 0 5 5 5 1 1 1 Monténégro Netherlands 546 585 585 0 0 0 635 670 670 89 85 85 Pays-Bas North Macedonia 27 27 27 0 0 0 28 28 28 1 1 1 Macédoine du Nord Poland 590 630 650 483 510 530 415 430 450 309 310 330 Pologne Portugal 195 115 122 91 0 0 118 130 140 14 15 18 Portugal Serbia 36 37 39 11 12 13 31 32 33 6 7 7 Serbie Slovakia 364 380 380 417 425 425 67 75 75 120 120 120 Slovaquie Slovenia 61 83 90 95 109 120 45 64 60 78 90 90 Slovénie Spain 449 501 483 508 580 590 147 202 200 206 281 307 Espagne Sweden 294 250 255 90 95 90 235 195 195 30 40 30 Suède Switzerland 202 209 214 7 7 7 198 205 210 3 3 3 Suisse Turkey 147 147 147 105 105 105 85 85 85 43 43 43 Turquie United Kingdom 1 280 1 280 1 280 0 0 0 1 362 1 362 1 362 83 83 83 Royaume-Un Total Europe 7 436 7 269 7 508 4 386 4 610 4 634 6 771 6 681 6 902 3 721 4 022 4 028 Total Europe Armenia 102 102 102 0 0 0 102 102 102 0 0 0 Arménie Moldova 8 8 8 3 3 3 8 8 8 3 3 3 Moldova Russia 1 215 1 443 1 509 3 999 4 599 4 829 120 126 126 2 904 3 282 3 446 Russie Total EECCA 1 325 1 554 1 619 4 003 4 602 4 832 230 236 236 2 907 3 284 3 448 Total EOCAC Canada 2 377 2 777 2 823 1 673 1 874 1 828 1 248 1 495 1 585 543 592 589 Canada United States 14 029 14 637 14 944 9 500 9 875 10 168 5 058 5 304 5 330 528 542 555 Etats-Unis Total North America 16 406 17 415 17 767 11 172 11 749 11 996 6 305 6 799 6 915 1 071 1 134 1 144 Total Amérique du Nord

TABLE 4

Apparent Consumption Consommation Apparente Pays

PLYWOOD CONTREPLAQUES

1000 m3

Exports - Exportations

Data only for those countries providing forecasts - Données uniquement pour les pays fournissant des prévisions

Country Production Imports - Importations

UNECE COFFI and FAO EFC Foresta2021 page 9

Imports Exports

2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 Austria 719 798 803 2 330 2 480 2 500 308 320 325 1 919 2 002 2 022 Autriche Bosnia-Herzegovina 168 164 165 12 13 12 157 153 155 1 2 2 Bosnie-Herzegovine Cyprus 43 42 42 0 0 0 43 42 42 0 0 0 Chypre Czech Republic 281 400 436 774 1 010 1 040 315 320 323 809 930 927 République tchèque Estonia 170 185 185 180 210 210 73 74 74 83 99 99 Estonie Finland 144 135 135 88 88 88 76 77 77 20 30 30 Finlande France 1 592 2 160 2 508 2 233 2 633 3 033 579 591 640 1 219 1 065 1 165 France Germany 5 789 5 660 5 815 5 556 5 550 5 575 1 903 1 660 1 840 1 670 1 550 1 600 Allemagne Hungary 319 405 405 334 355 355 326 352 352 340 302 302 Hongrie Ireland 101 114 114 0 0 0 116 130 130 16 16 16 Irlande Italy 2 743 2 716 2 716 2 568 2 568 2 568 634 780 780 459 632 632 Italie Latvia 162 160 160 396 400 400 49 50 50 283 290 290 Lettonie Luxembourg 22 22 22 0 0 0 26 26 26 4 4 4 Luxembourg Malta 10 10 10 0 0 0 10 10 10 0 0 0 Malte Montenegro 18 18 18 0 0 0 18 18 18 0 0 0 Monténégro Netherlands 376 404 404 0 0 0 456 484 484 81 80 80 Pays-Bas North Macedonia 95 95 95 0 0 0 96 96 96 1 1 1 Macédoine du Nord Poland 6 640 6 640 6 650 5 739 5 670 5 670 1 626 1 650 1 680 724 680 700 Pologne Portugal 549 647 693 700 710 720 288 365 412 438 428 439 Portugal Serbia 349 362 364 217 220 223 193 195 197 61 53 56 Serbie Slovakia 238 235 235 598 625 625 146 110 110 506 500 500 Slovaquie Slovenia 143 163 157 0 0 0 147 168 160 4 5 4 Slovénie Spain 1 586 1 566 1 544 1 783 1 847 1 855 446 616 645 643 897 956 Espagne Sweden 874 908 895 568 580 565 386 415 410 80 87 80 Suède Switzerland 262 280 300 366 380 390 126 125 130 230 225 220 Suisse Turkey 3 234 3 234 3 234 4 075 4 075 4 075 29 29 29 870 870 870 Turquie United Kingdom 2 203 2 465 2 465 1 698 1 897 1 897 590 649 649 86 81 81 Royaume-Un Total Europe 28 830 29 988 30 569 30 215 31 311 31 801 9 162 9 505 9 844 10 548 10 828 11 075 Total Europe Armenia 122 122 122 0 0 0 122 122 122 0 0 0 Arménie Moldova 93 93 93 0 0 0 93 93 93 0 0 0 Moldova Russia 5 289 6 123 6 498 6 731 7 146 7 535 299 670 789 1 741 1 692 1 825 Russie Total EECCA 5 504 6 337 6 713 6 731 7 146 7 535 514 884 1 004 1 741 1 692 1 825 Total EOCAC Canada 2 010 1 360 1 227 2 277 1 791 1 748 492 609 621 759 1 041 1 142 Canada United States 5 237 5 408 5 515 4 136 4 465 4 553 1 462 1 334 1 359 361 391 398 Etats-Unis Total North America 7 247 6 768 6 742 6 413 6 257 6 302 1 954 1 943 1 980 1 121 1 432 1 539 Total Amérique du Nord Data are calculated by subtracting OSB from the particleboard/OSB total - les données sont calculées en soustrayant les OSB du total des panneaux de particules et OSB.

Production Imports - Importations

TABLE 5

Apparent Consumption Consommation Apparente Pays

PARTICLE BOARD (excluding OSB) PANNEAUX DE PARTICULES (ne comprennent pas l'OSB)

1000 m3 Data only for those countries providing forecasts - Données uniquement pour les pays fournissant des prévisions

Exports - ExportationsCountry

UNECE COFFI and FAO EFC Foresta2021 page 10

Imports Exports

2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 Austria 177 212 212 0 0 0 182 220 220 5 8 8 Autriche Bosnia-Herzegovina 21 27 30 9 10 12 12 17 19 0 0 1 Bosnie-Herzegovine Cyprus 20 18 18 0 0 0 20 18 18 0 0 0 Chypre Czech Republic 335 260 282 937 745 770 155 165 175 757 650 663 République tchèque Estonia 44 45 45 0 0 0 45 46 46 1 1 1 Estonie Finland 49 49 49 0 0 0 49 49 49 0 0 0 Finlande France 450 440 442 367 367 367 118 109 110 35 35 35 France Germany 1 569 1 640 1 635 1 234 1 250 1 275 846 840 860 511 450 500 Allemagne Hungary 120 124 124 359 332 332 77 60 60 316 268 268 Hongrie Ireland 47 47 47 296 296 296 0 0 0 249 249 249 Irlande Italy 302 302 302 100 100 100 231 231 231 29 29 29 Italie Latvia 116 70 70 698 650 650 71 70 70 653 650 650 Lettonie Luxembourg 76 76 76 338 338 338 7 7 7 269 269 269 Luxembourg Montenegro 3 3 3 0 0 0 3 3 3 0 0 0 Monténégro Netherlands 167 185 185 0 0 0 171 190 190 4 5 5 Pays-Bas North Macedonia 11 11 11 0 0 0 11 11 11 0 0 0 Macédoine du Nord Poland 666 710 750 833 930 980 246 200 220 413 420 450 Pologne Portugal 36 33 37 0 0 0 37 35 38 1 2 1 Portugal Serbia 62 66 69 0 0 0 66 70 73 4 4 4 Serbie Slovakia 91 90 90 0 0 0 91 90 90 1 0 0 Slovaquie Slovenia 34 39 38 0 0 0 35 42 40 1 3 2 Slovénie Spain 11 4 7 2 3 3 34 37 38 25 37 34 Espagne Sweden 140 125 125 0 0 0 146 130 130 6 5 5 Suède Switzerland 90 90 90 0 0 0 90 90 90 0 0 0 Suisse Turkey 170 170 170 75 75 75 101 101 101 6 6 6 Turquie United Kingdom 852 901 901 598 598 598 414 455 455 160 152 152 Royaume-Uni Total Europe 5 659 5 737 5 808 5 846 5 695 5 797 3 260 3 286 3 344 3 447 3 244 3 332 Total Europe Armenia 4 4 4 0 0 0 4 4 4 0 0 0 Arménie Belarus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bélarus Moldova 34 34 34 0 0 0 34 34 34 0 0 0 Moldova Russia 1 615 1 078 1 260 1 626 1 627 1 953 351 176 140 362 725 833 Russie Total EECCA 1 653 1 116 1 298 1 626 1 627 1 953 389 213 178 362 725 834 Total EOCAC Canada 1 501 1 410 1 341 6 629 7 156 7 199 123 121 120 5 251 5 866 5 978 Canada United States 18 584 19 345 19 723 13 713 14 088 14 366 5 066 5 459 5 561 195 201 204 Etats-Unis Total North America 20 085 20 756 21 064 20 342 21 243 21 565 5 188 5 580 5 681 5 446 6 068 6 183 Total Amérique du Nord

Exports - ExportationsCountry Production Imports - Importations

TABLE 5a

Apparent Consumption Consommation Apparente Pays

ORIENTED STRAND BOARD (OSB) Data only for those countries providing forecasts - Données uniquement pour les pays fournissant des prévisions

PANNEAUX STRUCTURAUX ORIENTES (OSB)

1000 m3

UNECE COFFI and FAO EFC Foresta2021 page 11

Imports Exports

2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 Austria 436 454 467 576 650 652 339 361 373 479 557 558 Autriche Bosnia-Herzegovina 107 119 125 7 9 10 101 110 117 0 0 2 Bosnie-Herzegovine Cyprus 15 16 16 0 0 0 15 16 16 0 0 0 Chypre Czech Republic 290 194 202 44 45 46 493 406 415 247 256 259 République tchèque Estonia 56 57 57 65 65 65 69 75 75 78 83 83 Estonie Finland 164 150 150 49 49 49 156 148 148 42 47 47 Finlande France 624 794 995 912 1 061 1 161 1 013 1 055 1 058 1 301 1 322 1 224 France Germany 4 097 4 155 4 235 5 801 5 850 5 900 1 784 1 835 1 940 3 488 3 530 3 605 Allemagne Hungary 409 409 409 451 451 451 167 167 167 209 209 209 Hongrie Ireland 168 109 109 512 512 512 102 115 115 445 518 518 Irlande Italy 1 403 1 417 1 417 827 827 827 796 926 926 220 337 337 Italie Latvia 35 32 32 0 0 0 57 53 53 22 21 21 Lettonie Luxembourg 47 47 47 147 147 147 19 19 19 119 119 119 Luxembourg Malta 6 7 8 0 0 0 6 7 8 0 0 0 Malte Montenegro 14 14 14 0 0 0 14 14 14 0 0 0 Monténégro Netherlands 463 469 469 29 29 29 541 585 585 107 145 145 Pays-Bas North Macedonia 53 53 53 0 0 0 53 53 53 0 0 0 Macédoine du Nord Poland 3 676 3 855 4 055 4 844 4 960 5 110 851 875 945 2 019 1 980 2 000 Pologne Portugal 382 391 386 443 453 457 320 323 326 382 385 397 Portugal Serbia 124 133 134 24 26 27 134 143 145 34 36 38 Serbie Slovakia 201 210 210 0 0 0 224 230 230 23 20 20 Slovaquie Slovenia 23 23 23 118 128 128 49 71 60 144 176 165 Slovénie Spain 1 038 1 012 1 138 1 535 1 714 1 874 371 444 465 869 1 146 1 201 Espagne Sweden 268 307 295 0 0 0 347 390 375 78 83 80 Suède Switzerland 272 292 302 192 205 210 263 266 266 183 179 174 Suisse Turkey 4 623 4 623 4 623 4 835 4 835 4 835 74 74 74 286 286 286 Turquie United Kingdom 1 475 1 487 1 487 656 656 656 879 889 889 59 58 58 Royaume-Un Total Europe 20 470 20 828 21 457 22 067 22 672 23 146 9 238 9 650 9 857 10 835 11 494 11 546 Total Europe Armenia 63 63 63 0 0 0 63 63 63 0 0 0 Arménie Moldova 37 37 37 0 0 0 37 37 37 0 0 0 Moldova Russia 2 802 3 415 3 674 3 581 4 301 4 635 459 591 637 1 238 1 476 1 597 Russie Total EECCA 2 902 3 515 3 775 3 581 4 301 4 635 559 691 737 1 238 1 476 1 597 Total EOCAC Canada 1 219 1 573 1 583 1 290 1 340 1 340 761 1 066 1 074 832 832 831 Canada United States 8 244 8 244 8 244 6 058 6 058 6 058 2 876 2 876 2 876 690 690 690 Etats-Unis Total North America 9 463 9 818 9 827 7 348 7 398 7 398 3 638 3 942 3 951 1 523 1 522 1 521 Total Amérique du Nord

Exports - ExportationsCountry Production Imports - Importations

TABLE 6

Apparent Consumption Consommation Apparente Pays

FIBREBOARD Data only for those countries providing forecasts - Données uniquement pour les pays fournissant des prévisions

PANNEAUX DE FIBRES

1000 m3

UNECE COFFI and FAO EFC Foresta2021 page 12

Imports Exports

2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 Austria 35 30 32 66 70 72 18 17 18 49 57 58 Autriche Bosnia-Herzegovina 11 13 16 1 1 1 10 12 15 0 0 0 Bosnie-Herzegovine Cyprus 2 2 2 0 0 0 2 2 2 0 0 0 Chypre Czech Republic 6 55 57 0 0 0 55 67 68 49 11 11 République tchèque Estonia 26 25 25 0 0 0 28 30 30 3 5 5 Estonie Finland 33 24 24 49 49 49 21 18 18 37 43 43 Finlande France -135 -135 -135 87 87 87 225 225 225 447 447 447 France Germany 203 205 210 0 0 0 231 235 240 28 30 30 Allemagne Hungary 27 27 27 2 2 2 35 35 35 10 10 10 Hongrie Ireland 22 20 20 0 0 0 22 20 20 0 0 0 Irlande Italy 109 109 109 16 16 16 105 105 105 12 12 12 Italie Latvia 13 13 13 0 0 0 15 15 15 2 2 2 Lettonie Luxembourg 5 5 5 0 0 0 5 5 5 0 0 0 Luxembourg Malta 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 Malte Montenegro 2 2 2 0 0 0 2 2 2 0 0 0 Monténégro Netherlands 43 45 45 0 0 0 64 65 65 21 20 20 Pays-Bas North Macedonia 10 10 10 0 0 0 10 10 10 0 0 0 Macédoine du Nord Poland -157 -80 -10 91 110 110 151 160 180 398 350 300 Pologne Portugal 21 28 25 12 19 20 28 29 30 19 20 25 Portugal Serbia 35 39 40 24 26 27 30 33 34 19 20 21 Serbie Slovakia 22 20 20 0 0 0 23 20 20 1 0 0 Slovaquie Slovenia 1 2 2 0 0 0 9 9 9 8 7 7 Slovénie Spain -4 13 12 32 40 41 34 50 48 70 77 77 Espagne Sweden 71 70 69 0 0 0 81 82 80 10 12 11 Suède Switzerland 13 13 13 0 0 0 21 21 21 8 8 8 Suisse Turkey 7 7 7 0 0 0 57 57 57 50 50 50 Turquie United Kingdom 96 96 96 0 0 0 101 101 101 4 4 4 Royaume-Un Total Europe 517 659 736 380 420 425 1 384 1 425 1 453 1 246 1 186 1 142 Total Europe Armenia 4 4 4 0 0 0 4 4 4 0 0 0 Arménie Moldova 16 16 16 0 0 0 16 16 16 0 0 0 Moldova Russia 322 390 350 370 450 400 100 100 100 148 160 150 Russie Total EECCA 341 409 369 370 450 400 119 119 119 148 160 150 Total EOCAC Canada 63 81 75 90 90 90 65 93 93 92 102 108 Canada United States 211 211 211 212 212 212 238 238 238 239 239 239 Etats-Unis Total North America 274 292 286 302 302 302 303 331 331 331 341 347 Total Amérique du Nord

TABLE 6a

Apparent Consumption Consommation Apparente Pays

HARDBOARD PANNEAUX DURS

1000 m3

Exports - ExportationsCountry

Data only for those countries providing forecasts - Données uniquement pour les pays fournissant des prévisions

Production Imports - Importations

UNECE COFFI and FAO EFC Foresta2021 page 13

Imports Exports

2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 Austria 255 259 260 510 580 580 170 174 175 425 495 495 Autriche Bosnia-Herzegovina 88 94 96 5 6 7 83 88 90 0 0 1 Bosnie-Herzegovine Cyprus 12 13 13 0 0 0 12 13 13 0 0 0 Chypre Czech Republic 198 87 91 44 45 46 253 154 158 99 112 113 République tchèque Estonia 22 23 23 0 0 0 38 41 41 16 18 18 Estonie Finland 111 106 106 0 0 0 115 110 110 4 4 4 Finlande France 706 859 1 060 751 900 1 000 716 757 760 761 798 700 France Germany 2 314 2 325 2 375 4 600 4 625 4 650 593 600 650 2 879 2 900 2 925 Allemagne Hungary 355 355 355 430 430 430 117 117 117 193 193 193 Hongrie Ireland 74 89 89 438 438 438 80 95 95 445 445 445 Irlande Italy 1 229 1 243 1 243 809 809 809 627 757 757 207 323 323 Italie Latvia 21 18 18 0 0 0 23 20 20 2 2 2 Lettonie Luxembourg 37 37 37 147 147 147 9 9 9 119 119 119 Luxembourg Malta 5 5 6 0 0 0 5 5 6 0 0 0 Malte Montenegro 6 6 6 0 0 0 6 6 6 0 0 0 Monténégro Netherlands 318 315 315 0 0 0 399 435 435 81 120 120 Pays-Bas North Macedonia 12 12 12 0 0 0 12 12 12 0 0 0 Macédoine du Nord Poland 3 209 3 300 3 400 3 178 3 250 3 350 684 700 750 653 650 700 Pologne Portugal 360 362 362 423 425 428 280 282 284 343 345 350 Portugal Serbia 85 89 89 0 0 0 100 105 106 15 16 17 Serbie Slovakia 119 120 120 0 0 0 140 140 140 21 20 20 Slovaquie Slovenia 17 16 16 118 128 128 32 54 43 132 166 155 Slovénie Spain 994 950 1 077 1 448 1 617 1 775 326 379 402 780 1 047 1 100 Espagne Sweden 181 220 211 0 0 0 238 280 270 57 60 59 Suède Switzerland 90 105 110 192 205 210 73 70 65 175 170 165 Suisse Turkey 4 669 4 669 4 669 4 775 4 775 4 775 17 17 17 123 123 123 Turquie United Kingdom 1 315 1 327 1 327 656 656 656 710 720 720 51 49 49 Royaume-Un Total Europe 16 801 17 002 17 485 18 524 19 037 19 430 5 859 6 141 6 251 7 582 8 175 8 197 Total Europe Armenia 57 57 57 0 0 0 57 57 57 0 0 0 Arménie Moldova 21 21 21 0 0 0 21 21 21 0 0 0 Moldova Russia 2 448 2 993 3 292 3 199 3 839 4 223 329 461 507 1 080 1 307 1 437 Russie Total EECCA 2 527 3 071 3 371 3 199 3 839 4 223 408 539 585 1 080 1 307 1 438 Total EOCAC Canada 1 041 1 327 1 343 1 100 1 150 1 150 569 793 797 628 615 604 Canada United States 4 836 4 836 4 836 2 667 2 667 2 667 2 453 2 453 2 453 284 284 284 Etats-Unis Total North America 5 877 6 163 6 179 3 767 3 817 3 817 3 022 3 246 3 251 912 899 889 Total Amérique du Nord

MDF/HDF

Country Production Imports - Importations

Data only for those countries providing forecasts - Données uniquement pour les pays fournissant des prévisions

TABLE 6b

Apparent Consumption Consommation Apparente Pays

1000 m3

Exports - Exportations

UNECE COFFI and FAO EFC Foresta2021 page 14

Imports Exports

2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 Austria 146 165 175 0 0 0 151 170 180 5 5 5 Autriche Bosnia-Herzegovina 8 12 13 1 2 2 8 10 12 0 0 1 Bosnie-Herzegovine Cyprus 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 Chypre Czech Republic 86 52 54 0 0 0 185 185 189 99 133 135 République tchèque Estonia 9 9 9 65 65 65 3 4 4 59 60 60 Estonie Finland 20 20 20 0 0 0 20 20 20 0 0 0 Finlande France 53 70 70 74 74 74 72 73 73 93 77 77 France Germany 1 580 1 625 1 650 1 201 1 225 1 250 961 1 000 1 050 581 600 650 Allemagne Hungary 28 28 28 19 19 19 15 15 15 6 6 6 Hongrie Ireland 73 0 0 73 73 73 0 0 0 0 73 73 Irlande Italy 65 65 65 3 3 3 65 65 65 2 2 2 Italie Latvia 1 1 1 0 0 0 19 18 18 18 17 17 Lettonie Luxembourg 5 5 5 0 0 0 5 5 5 0 0 0 Luxembourg Malta 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 Malte Montenegro 6 6 6 0 0 0 6 6 6 0 0 0 Monténégro Netherlands 102 109 109 29 29 29 78 85 85 5 5 5 Pays-Bas North Macedonia 32 32 32 0 0 0 32 32 32 0 0 0 Macédoine du Nord Poland 624 635 665 1 575 1 600 1 650 17 15 15 968 980 1 000 Pologne Portugal 0 1 -1 8 9 9 12 12 12 19 20 22 Portugal Serbia 4 5 5 0 0 0 4 5 5 0 0 0 Serbie Slovakia 60 70 70 0 0 0 60 70 70 0 0 0 Slovaquie Slovenia 5 5 5 0 0 0 8 8 8 3 3 3 Slovénie Spain 48 49 49 55 57 58 11 15 15 18 23 24 Espagne Sweden 16 17 15 0 0 0 28 28 25 12 11 10 Suède Switzerland 169 174 179 0 0 0 169 175 180 1 1 1 Suisse Turkey -53 -53 -53 60 60 60 0 0 0 113 113 113 Turquie United Kingdom 64 64 64 0 0 0 68 68 68 4 4 4 Royaume-Un Total Europe 3 152 3 167 3 236 3 163 3 215 3 291 1 996 2 085 2 153 2 007 2 133 2 208 Total Europe Armenia 2 2 2 0 0 0 2 2 2 0 0 0 Arménie Moldova 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 Moldova Russia 32 32 32 12 12 12 30 30 30 10 10 10 Russie Total EECCA 35 35 35 12 12 12 32 32 32 10 10 10 Total EOCAC Canada 115 165 166 100 100 100 127 180 184 112 115 118 Canada United States 3 197 3 197 3 197 3 179 3 179 3 179 185 185 185 167 167 167 Etats-Unis Total North America 3 312 3 362 3 363 3 279 3 279 3 279 312 365 369 279 282 285 Total Amérique du Nord

Production Imports - Importations

TABLE 6c

Apparent Consumption Consommation Apparente Pays

OTHER FIBREBOARD AUTRES PANNEAUX DE FIBRES

1000 m3 Data only for those countries providing forecasts - Données uniquement pour les pays fournissant des prévisions

Exports - ExportationsCountry

UNECE COFFI and FAO EFC Foresta2021 page 15

Imports Exports

2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 Austria 2 158 2 300 2 330 2 022 2 020 2 100 578 680 680 442 400 450 Autriche Bosnia-Herzegovina 111 118 118 70 75 76 41 43 42 0 0 0 Bosnie-Herzegovine Czech Republic 805 831 772 594 591 611 253 240 250 42 0 89 République tchèque Estonia 81 70 70 231 250 250 47 50 50 198 230 230 Estonie Finland a 6 411 6 802 6 616 10 520 11 318 11 331 224 220 220 4 333 4 736 4 935 Finlande a

France 2 918 2 927 2 800 1 620 1 650 1 600 1 745 1 726 1 700 447 449 500 France Germany 5 015 5 167 5 178 2 255 2 267 2 278 3 952 4 000 4 000 1 192 1 100 1 100 Allemagne Hungary 195 177 177 51 33 33 147 145 145 4 2 2 Hongrie Ireland 41 45 45 0 0 0 41 45 45 0 0 0 Irlande Italy 3 416 3 416 3 416 223 223 223 3 271 3 271 3 271 77 77 77 Italie Latvia 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 Lettonie Luxembourg 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Luxembourg Netherlands 1 137 1 057 737 37 37 37 1 782 1 900 1 500 682 880 800 Pays-Bas Poland 2 709 2 750 2 810 1 717 1 730 1 750 1 152 1 180 1 230 159 160 170 Pologne Portugal 1 506 1 615 1 650 2 683 2 700 2 750 143 145 150 1 320 1 230 1 250 Portugal Serbia 86 88 90 0 0 0 86 88 90 0 0 0 Serbie Slovakia 537 550 550 687 675 675 162 175 175 312 300 300 Slovaquie Slovenia 367 353 347 91 83 85 289 275 270 13 5 8 Slovénie Spain 1 847 1 837 1 933 1 730 1 798 1 923 1 047 1 088 1 209 929 1 049 1 199 Espagne Sweden 8 437 8 460 8 260 12 034 12 100 11 850 653 610 610 4 250 4 250 4 200 Suède Switzerland 171 160 160 72 70 70 99 90 90 0 0 0 Suisse Turkey 1 381 989 1 138 70 70 70 1 442 1 050 1 200 131 131 132 Turquie United Kingdom 971 924 924 220 220 220 768 721 721 17 17 17 Royaume-Uni Total Europe 40 301 40 637 40 122 36 927 37 909 37 932 17 924 17 744 17 650 14 549 15 016 15 459 Total Europe Russia 6 532 6 548 6 677 8 765 8 853 9 030 211 213 215 2 444 2 517 2 568 Russie Total EECCA 6 532 6 548 6 677 8 765 8 853 9 030 211 213 215 2 444 2 517 2 568 Total EOCAC Canada 5 731 6 411 6 547 14 109 14 198 13 702 640 1 109 1 555 9 018 8 896 8 710 Canada United States 48 726 48 750 48 763 50 871 50 895 50 907 5 661 5 664 5 665 7 806 7 809 7 809 Etats-Unis Total North America 54 457 55 161 55 310 64 980 65 093 64 609 6 301 6 773 7 220 16 825 16 705 16 519 Total Amérique du Nord

a imports exclude dissolving pulp a les importations excluent pâte à dissoudre

Exports - ExportationsCountry Production Imports - Importations

TABLE 7

Apparent Consumption Consommation Apparente Pays

WOOD PULP Data only for those countries providing forecasts - Données uniquement pour les pays fournissant des prévisions

PATE DE BOIS

1000 mt

UNECE COFFI and FAO EFC Foresta2021 page 16

Imports Exports

2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 Austria 2 111 2 170 2 200 4 719 5 050 5 100 1 275 1 300 1 350 3 882 4 180 4 250 Autriche Bosnia-Herzegovina 154 160 166 167 180 182 99 100 106 113 120 122 Bosnie-Herzegovine Cyprus 46 48 48 0 0 0 46 48 48 0 0 0 Chypre Czech Republic 1 451 1 460 1 474 893 904 924 1 436 1 447 1 480 878 891 930 République tchèque Estonia 134 140 140 72 75 75 133 140 140 71 75 75 Estonie Finland 702 740 720 8 210 8 750 8 540 319 320 320 7 827 8 330 8 140 Finlande France 7 904 8 069 8 300 6 873 7 000 7 300 4 487 4 661 4 500 3 456 3 592 3 500 France Germany 18 251 18 660 18 983 21 348 23 060 23 383 9 999 10 000 10 000 13 096 14 400 14 400 Allemagne Hungary 928 944 944 864 861 861 841 852 852 777 769 769 Hongrie Ireland 422 410 415 60 65 70 388 370 375 26 25 30 Irlande Italy 10 204 10 204 10 204 8 514 8 514 8 514 4 773 4 773 4 773 3 083 3 083 3 083 Italie Latvia 163 160 160 25 30 30 170 170 170 32 40 40 Lettonie Luxembourg 25 25 25 0 0 0 31 31 31 6 6 6 Luxembourg Malta 26 23 24 0 0 0 26 23 24 0 0 0 Malte Montenegro 10 10 10 0 0 0 10 10 10 0 0 0 Monténégro Netherlands 2 608 2 670 2 670 2 869 2 870 2 870 2 278 2 300 2 300 2 539 2 500 2 500 Pays-Bas North Macedonia 79 79 79 28 28 28 68 68 68 16 16 16 Macédoine du Nord Poland 7 332 7 400 7 500 5 129 5 250 5 350 4 677 4 700 4 750 2 474 2 550 2 600 Pologne Portugal 1 007 1 050 990 1 900 2 000 2 030 858 850 860 1 751 1 800 1 900 Portugal Serbia 727 733 737 577 580 583 452 456 459 302 303 305 Serbie Slovakia 476 600 600 758 900 950 427 400 400 709 700 750 Slovaquie Slovenia 833 730 680 706 650 600 757 710 710 630 630 630 Slovénie Spain 6 483 6 541 6 390 6 269 6 473 6 477 2 734 2 823 2 917 2 520 2 756 3 004 Espagne Sweden 1 428 1 195 1 090 9 333 9 130 8 800 656 665 650 8 561 8 600 8 360 Suède Switzerland 1 050 1 050 1 055 1 168 1 170 1 175 621 610 600 739 730 720 Suisse Turkey 4 489 4 489 4 489 2 800 2 800 2 800 2 505 2 505 2 505 816 816 816 Turquie United Kingdom 7 321 7 207 7 225 3 631 3 600 3 550 4 439 4 325 4 375 749 718 700 Royaume-Un Total Europe 76 362 76 966 77 318 86 911 89 940 90 192 44 504 44 656 44 772 55 053 57 630 57 646 Total Europe Armenia 61 61 61 21 21 21 41 41 41 0 0 0 Arménie Moldova 44 44 44 8 8 8 39 39 39 2 2 2 Moldova Russia 7 116 7 615 7 952 9 527 10 194 10 704 1 191 1 167 1 143 3 601 3 745 3 895 Russie Total EECCA 7 222 7 721 8 057 9 556 10 223 10 733 1 270 1 246 1 223 3 604 3 748 3 898 Total EOCAC Canada 4 720 4 715 4 572 8 352 8 604 8 379 2 362 2 474 2 406 5 994 6 363 6 213 Canada United States 63 567 66 128 67 399 66 239 68 536 70 152 7 642 7 832 7 870 10 314 10 240 10 623 Etats-Unis Total North America 68 287 70 843 71 971 74 591 77 140 78 532 10 003 10 306 10 276 16 308 16 603 16 836 Total Amérique du Nord

Exports - ExportationsCountry Production Imports - Importations

TABLE 8

Apparent Consumption Consommation Apparente Pays

PAPER AND PAPERBOARD Data only for those countries providing forecasts - Données uniquement pour les pays fournissant des prévisions

PAPIERS ET CARTONS

1000 mt

UNECE COFFI and FAO EFC Foresta2021 page 17

2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 Austria 11 462 12 924 13 110 8 504 9 732 9 830 2 958 3 192 3 280 0 0 0 5 327 5 111 5 200 16 790 18 035 18 310 Autriche Bosnia-Herzegovina 2 819 2 806 2 848 2 031 2 016 2 050 614 624 626 174 166 172 1 484 1 502 1 496 4 303 4 308 4 344 Bosnie-Herzegovine Cyprus 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 7 7 9 9 9 Chypre Czech Republic 29 152 21 353 18 590 20 678 13 107 10 325 8 359 8 133 8 150 115 113 115 6 717 7 160 7 210 35 869 28 513 25 800 République tchèque Estonia 6 502 6 100 6 100 4 134 3 900 3 900 2 316 2 150 2 150 52 50 50 4 136 3 830 3 830 10 637 9 930 9 930 Estonie Finland 51 530 56 946 57 515 22 479 25 857 25 679 29 051 31 089 31 836 0 0 0 8 893 8 893 8 893 60 423 65 839 66 407 Finlande France 24 259 25 840 25 080 15 965 17 400 16 700 7 793 7 900 7 800 501 540 580 23 444 24 500 25 700 47 703 50 340 50 780 France Germany 61 790 62 377 61 177 48 213 48 900 47 300 13 503 13 400 13 800 74 77 77 22 261 21 300 21 300 84 051 83 677 82 477 Allemagne Hungary 2 457 2 796 2 796 1 155 1 257 1 257 902 919 919 400 619 619 2 516 2 672 2 672 4 972 5 468 5 468 Hongrie Ireland 3 695 3 542 3 772 2 350 2 485 2 647 1 197 877 934 148 180 192 286 232 247 3 981 3 774 4 019 Irlande Italy 5 002 5 002 5 002 3 352 3 352 3 352 1 018 1 018 1 018 632 632 632 10 839 10 839 10 839 15 841 15 841 15 841 Italie Latvia 12 727 12 350 12 350 7 379 7 400 7 400 4 123 3 850 3 850 1 225 1 100 1 100 2 620 2 580 2 580 15 347 14 930 14 930 Lettonie Luxembourg 291 340 332 81 88 86 104 166 160 106 86 86 59 77 73 350 416 405 Luxembourg Montenegro 299 150 234 249 124 187 43 22 42 7 4 5 49 25 37 348 174 271 Monténégro Netherlands 662 725 725 214 260 260 402 420 420 46 45 45 2 323 2 325 2 325 2 985 3 050 3 050 Pays-Bas North Macedonia 125 125 125 114 114 114 0 0 0 11 11 11 610 610 610 735 735 735 Macédoine du Nord Poland 35 879 37 290 38 050 16 913 17 200 17 400 18 355 19 400 19 900 612 690 750 4 713 4 800 4 900 40 593 42 090 42 950 Pologne Portugal 11 803 12 316 12 190 1 916 2 066 1 980 9 540 9 900 9 850 347 350 360 1 618 1 500 1 560 13 422 13 816 13 750 Portugal Serbia 1 782 1 806 1 830 1 217 1 230 1 238 388 396 408 177 180 184 6 454 6 550 6 705 8 236 8 356 8 535 Serbie Slovakia 6 924 7 185 7 435 3 913 4 100 4 250 2 984 3 050 3 150 26 35 35 524 525 575 7 448 7 710 8 010 Slovaquie Slovenia 2 818 2 383 2 476 1 971 1 600 1 700 797 720 720 50 63 56 1 074 1 070 1 070 3 891 3 453 3 546 Slovénie Spain 13 881 14 462 14 848 4 114 4 241 4 438 9 431 9 740 9 901 336 481 509 1 615 1 648 1 758 15 496 16 110 16 606 Espagne Sweden 69 000 71 000 70 400 37 200 38 400 37 600 31 500 32 300 32 500 300 300 300 5 400 5 600 5 600 74 400 76 600 76 000 Suède Switzerland 2 807 2 933 3 003 2 322 2 440 2 500 482 490 500 3 3 3 1 845 1 890 1 960 4 652 4 823 4 963 Suisse Turkey 24 474 24 790 24 790 10 889 11 000 11 000 12 447 12 650 12 650 1 138 1 140 1 140 5 396 5 856 5 856 29 870 30 646 30 646 Turquie United Kingdom 8 009 8 636 8 636 5 892 6 475 6 475 1 632 1 632 1 632 485 528 528 2 429 2 429 2 429 10 438 11 065 11 065 Royaume-Uni Total Europe 390 151 396 178 393 415 223 248 224 746 219 670 159 938 164 038 166 197 6 965 7 393 7 549 122 638 123 531 125 432 512 789 519 708 518 848 Total Europe Armenia 4 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 4 1 546 1 546 1 546 1 550 1 550 1 550 Arménie Moldova 45 45 45 31 31 31 0 0 0 14 14 14 1 219 1 219 1 219 1 264 1 264 1 264 Moldova Russia 201 891 205 132 198 720 135 325 137 274 132 286 48 954 50 070 49 541 17 612 17 788 16 894 15 109 15 260 14 805 217 000 220 392 213 525 Russie Total EECCA 201 941 205 182 198 769 135 356 137 305 132 317 48 954 50 070 49 541 17 630 17 806 16 912 17 873 18 024 17 569 219 814 223 206 216 338 Total EOCAC Canada 130 430 125 381 125 381 116 298 111 984 111 984 12 278 11 544 11 544 1 853 1 853 1 853 1 750 1 750 1 750 132 180 127 132 127 132 Canada United States 369 175 380 381 383 613 180 237 191 345 194 529 175 722 175 805 175 846 13 215 13 230 13 238 60 525 60 588 60 622 429 700 440 969 444 235 Etats-Unis Total North America 499 604 505 762 508 995 296 536 303 330 306 513 188 000 187 349 187 390 15 069 15 083 15 091 62 276 62 338 62 372 561 880 568 101 571 367 Total Amérique du Nord

a Pulpwood, round and split, as well as chips and particles produced directly a Bois de trituration, rondins et quartiers, ainse que plaquettes et particules fabriquées therefrom and used as pulpwood directement à partir des rondins et quartiers et utilisées comme bois de trituration

b Pitprops, poles, piling, posts etc. b Bois de mine, poteaux, pilotis, piquets etc. c Including chips and particles produced from wood in the rough and c Y compris plaquettes et particules fabriquées à partir du bois brut et utilisées

used for energy purposes à des fins energétiques

Bois de trituration a

TABLE 9

Autre b Wood fuel c

Bois de chauffage c Total PaysCountry Grumes

LogsTotal Pulpwood a Other b

Industrial wood - Bois industriels

QUANTITES ENLEVEES DE BOIS BRUT TOTAL

REMOVALS OF WOOD IN THE ROUGH TOTAL

1000 m3 - Data only for those countries providing forecasts - Données uniquement pour les pays fournissant des prévisions

UNECE COFFI and FAO EFC Foresta2021 page 18

2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 Austria 10 587 11 920 12 100 8 229 9 410 9 500 2 358 2 510 2 600 0 0 0 3 359 3 067 3 200 13 946 14 987 15 300 Autriche Bosnia-Herzegovina 2 120 2 097 2 133 1 417 1 390 1 420 559 567 570 144 140 143 5 7 6 2 125 2 104 2 139 Bosnie-Herzegovine Cyprus 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 6 6 7 8 8 Chypre Czech Republic 28 432 20 624 17 850 20 286 12 716 9 942 8 036 7 799 7 798 110 109 110 6 165 6 615 6 675 34 597 27 239 24 525 République tchèque Estonia 4 434 4 200 4 200 3 259 3 100 3 100 1 148 1 075 1 075 27 25 25 1 426 1 330 1 330 5 861 5 530 5 530 Estonie Finland 43 228 48 622 48 806 21 593 24 690 24 512 21 635 23 931 24 294 0 0 0 4 304 4 304 4 304 47 532 52 926 53 110 Finlande France 16 361 17 840 16 860 11 669 13 000 12 000 4 479 4 600 4 600 213 240 260 2 344 2 500 2 700 18 705 20 340 19 560 France Germany 56 362 57 175 56 075 45 700 46 500 45 000 10 590 10 600 11 000 72 75 75 9 005 8 500 8 500 65 366 65 675 64 575 Allemagne Hungary 858 832 832 169 159 159 596 542 542 94 130 130 142 116 116 1 000 948 948 Hongrie Ireland 3 692 3 532 3 762 2 347 2 475 2 636 1 197 877 934 148 180 192 276 120 128 3 968 3 652 3 889 Irlande Italy 4 125 4 125 4 125 2 792 2 792 2 792 853 853 853 480 480 480 1 180 1 180 1 180 5 305 5 305 5 305 Italie Latvia 8 407 8 100 8 100 5 476 5 400 5 400 2 241 2 100 2 100 690 600 600 285 280 280 8 692 8 380 8 380 Lettonie Luxembourg 209 169 169 63 51 51 40 32 32 106 86 86 37 30 30 246 198 199 Luxembourg Montenegro 167 84 136 148 74 111 17 9 23 2 1 2 5 3 4 172 87 139 Monténégro Netherlands 446 475 475 154 180 180 255 260 260 37 35 35 423 425 425 869 900 900 Pays-Bas North Macedonia 51 51 51 41 41 41 0 0 0 10 10 10 26 26 26 77 77 77 Macédoine du Nord Poland 28 625 29 550 29 800 14 167 14 400 14 500 13 886 14 500 14 600 572 650 700 2 297 2 350 2 400 30 922 31 900 32 200 Pologne Portugal 3 974 4 316 4 190 1 696 1 866 1 800 2 130 2 300 2 230 147 150 160 422 400 410 4 396 4 716 4 600 Portugal Serbia 372 381 390 229 235 240 94 96 98 49 50 52 142 150 155 514 531 545 Serbie Slovakia 3 776 3 925 4 025 2 598 2 700 2 750 1 157 1 200 1 250 21 25 25 259 250 300 4 035 4 175 4 325 Slovaquie Slovenia 1 985 1 445 1 595 1 624 1 200 1 300 346 230 280 15 15 15 121 120 120 2 106 1 565 1 715 Slovénie Spain 6 836 7 224 7 522 3 150 3 276 3 473 3 489 3 665 3 751 197 282 298 483 516 626 7 319 7 740 8 148 Espagne Sweden 62 550 64 450 63 750 37 000 38 200 37 400 25 400 26 100 26 200 150 150 150 2 700 2 800 2 800 65 250 67 250 66 550 Suède Switzerland 2 403 2 512 2 567 2 093 2 200 2 250 308 310 315 2 2 2 786 790 810 3 189 3 302 3 377 Suisse Turkey 15 721 15 925 15 925 7 429 7 500 7 500 7 222 7 350 7 350 1 070 1 075 1 075 2 756 2 756 2 756 18 477 18 681 18 681 Turquie United Kingdom 7 896 8 523 8 523 5 829 6 412 6 412 1 630 1 630 1 630 436 480 480 1 817 1 817 1 817 9 713 10 339 10 339 Royaume-Uni Total Europe 313 618 318 097 313 962 199 160 199 969 194 471 109 665 113 137 114 386 4 793 4 990 5 105 40 770 40 456 41 103 354 388 358 553 355 065 Total Europe Armenia 4 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 4 0 0 0 4 4 4 Arménie Moldova 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 3 3 3 Moldova Russia 161 011 162 621 153 754 120 439 121 644 115 562 33 289 33 622 31 941 7 283 7 356 6 252 10 752 10 859 10 316 171 763 173 480 164 071 Russie Total EECCA 161 016 162 626 153 759 120 440 121 645 115 563 33 289 33 622 31 941 7 287 7 360 6 256 10 754 10 861 10 318 171 770 173 487 164 078 Total EOCAC Canada 107 661 103 728 103 728 103 717 100 117 100 117 3 804 3 470 3 470 140 140 140 805 805 805 108 466 104 533 104 533 Canada United States 293 023 296 554 299 112 147 988 151 442 153 962 133 458 133 521 133 552 11 578 11 591 11 598 26 345 26 374 26 390 319 368 322 928 325 502 Etats-Unis Total North America 400 685 400 282 402 839 251 705 251 559 254 079 137 262 136 992 137 023 11 718 11 731 11 738 27 150 27 179 27 195 427 834 427 461 430 034 Total Amérique du Nord

a Pulpwood, round and split, as well as chips and particles produced directly a Bois de trituration, rondins et quartiers, ainse que plaquettes et particules fabriquées therefrom and used as pulpwood directement à partir des rondins et quartiers et utilisées comme bois de trituration

b Pitprops, poles, piling, posts etc. b Bois de mine, poteaux, pilotis, piquets etc. c Including chips and particles produced from wood in the rough and c Y compris plaquettes et particules fabriquées à partir du bois brut et utilisées

used for energy purposes à des fins energétiques

Pulpwood a Other b Industrial wood - Bois industriels

QUANTITES ENLEVEES DE BOIS BRUT CONIFERES

REMOVALS OF WOOD IN THE ROUGH SOFTWOOD

1000 m3 - Data only for those countries providing forecasts - Données uniquement pour les pays fournissant des prévisions

Bois de trituration a

TABLE 9a

Autre b Wood fuel c

Bois de chauffage c Total PaysCountry Grumes

LogsTotal

UNECE COFFI and FAO EFC Foresta2021 page 19

2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 Austria 876 1 004 1 010 275 322 330 600 682 680 0 0 0 1 968 2 044 2 000 2 843 3 048 3 010 Autriche Bosnia-Herzegovina 699 709 715 614 626 630 55 57 56 30 26 29 1 479 1 495 1 490 2 178 2 204 2 205 Bosnie-Herzegovine Cyprus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 Chypre Czech Republic 720 729 740 392 391 383 323 334 352 5 4 5 552 545 535 1 272 1 274 1 275 République tchèque Estonia 2 068 1 900 1 900 875 800 800 1 168 1 075 1 075 25 25 25 2 709 2 500 2 500 4 777 4 400 4 400 Estonie Finland 8 302 8 324 8 708 886 1 167 1 167 7 416 7 158 7 542 0 0 0 4 589 4 589 4 589 12 891 12 913 13 297 Finlande France 7 898 8 000 8 220 4 296 4 400 4 700 3 314 3 300 3 200 288 300 320 21 100 22 000 23 000 28 998 30 000 31 220 France Germany 5 428 5 202 5 102 2 513 2 400 2 300 2 913 2 800 2 800 2 2 2 13 257 12 800 12 800 18 685 18 002 17 902 Allemagne Hungary 1 598 1 964 1 964 986 1 098 1 098 306 377 377 306 489 489 2 374 2 557 2 557 3 972 4 520 4 520 Hongrie Ireland 3 10 11 3 10 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 112 119 13 122 130 Irlande Italy 877 877 877 560 560 560 166 166 166 152 152 152 9 659 9 659 9 659 10 536 10 536 10 536 Italie Latvia 4 320 4 250 4 250 1 903 2 000 2 000 1 882 1 750 1 750 535 500 500 2 335 2 300 2 300 6 655 6 550 6 550 Lettonie Luxembourg 82 171 163 18 37 35 64 134 128 0 0 0 22 47 43 104 218 206 Luxembourg Montenegro 132 66 99 101 50 76 26 13 19 5 3 4 44 22 33 176 88 132 Monténégro Netherlands 216 250 250 60 80 80 147 160 160 9 10 10 1 900 1 900 1 900 2 116 2 150 2 150 Pays-Bas North Macedonia 74 74 74 73 73 73 0 0 0 1 1 1 584 584 584 658 658 658 Macédoine du Nord Poland 7 254 7 740 8 250 2 747 2 800 2 900 4 468 4 900 5 300 40 40 50 2 416 2 450 2 500 9 670 10 190 10 750 Pologne Portugal 7 830 8 000 8 000 220 200 180 7 410 7 600 7 620 200 200 200 1 196 1 100 1 150 9 026 9 100 9 150 Portugal Serbia 1 410 1 425 1 440 988 995 998 294 300 310 128 130 132 6 312 6 400 6 550 7 722 7 825 7 990 Serbie Slovakia 3 148 3 260 3 410 1 316 1 400 1 500 1 828 1 850 1 900 5 10 10 265 275 275 3 413 3 535 3 685 Slovaquie Slovenia 833 938 881 348 400 400 450 490 440 35 48 41 952 950 950 1 785 1 888 1 831 Slovénie Spain 7 045 7 239 7 326 964 965 965 5 942 6 074 6 150 139 199 211 1 132 1 132 1 132 8 177 8 371 8 458 Espagne Sweden 6 450 6 550 6 650 200 200 200 6 100 6 200 6 300 150 150 150 2 700 2 800 2 800 9 150 9 350 9 450 Suède Switzerland 404 421 436 229 240 250 174 180 185 1 1 1 1 059 1 100 1 150 1 463 1 521 1 586 Suisse Turkey 8 753 8 865 8 865 3 460 3 500 3 500 5 225 5 300 5 300 68 65 65 2 640 3 100 3 100 11 393 11 965 11 965 Turquie United Kingdom 113 113 113 63 63 63 2 2 2 48 48 48 613 613 613 726 726 726 Royaume-Uni Total Europe 76 532 78 080 79 454 24 088 24 777 25 199 50 273 50 901 51 811 2 171 2 402 2 444 81 868 83 074 84 330 158 401 161 155 163 783 Total Europe Armenia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 546 1 546 1 546 1 546 1 546 1 546 Arménie Moldova 44 44 44 30 30 30 0 0 0 14 14 14 1 217 1 217 1 217 1 261 1 261 1 261 Moldova Russia 40 880 42 511 44 965 14 886 15 630 16 724 15 665 16 449 17 600 10 329 10 433 10 641 4 357 4 401 4 489 45 237 46 912 49 454 Russie Total EECCA 40 925 42 556 45 010 14 916 15 660 16 754 15 665 16 449 17 600 10 343 10 447 10 655 7 120 7 163 7 251 48 044 49 719 52 261 Total EOCAC Canada 22 768 21 654 21 654 12 581 11 867 11 867 8 474 8 073 8 073 1 713 1 713 1 713 946 946 946 23 714 22 599 22 599 Canada United States 76 151 83 827 84 502 32 250 39 903 40 567 42 264 42 284 42 294 1 638 1 639 1 640 34 180 34 214 34 232 110 332 118 041 118 734 Etats-Unis Total North America 98 920 105 481 106 155 44 831 51 771 52 435 50 738 50 358 50 368 3 351 3 352 3 353 35 126 35 160 35 178 134 046 140 640 141 333 Total Amérique du Nord

a Pulpwood, round and split, as well as chips and particles produced directly a Bois de trituration, rondins et quartiers, ainse que plaquettes et particules fabriquées therefrom and used as pulpwood directement à partir des rondins et quartiers et utilisées comme bois de trituration

b Pitprops, poles, piling, posts etc. b Bois de mine, poteaux, pilotis, piquets etc. c Including chips and particles produced from wood in the rough and c Y compris plaquettes et particules fabriquées à partir du bois brut et utilisées

used for energy purposes à des fins energétiques

Bois de trituration a

TABLE 9b

Autre b Wood fuel c

Bois de chauffage c Total PaysCountry Grumes

LogsTotal Pulpwood a Other b

Industrial wood - Bois industriels

QUANTITES ENLEVEES DE BOIS BRUT NON-CONIFERES

REMOVALS OF WOOD IN THE ROUGH HARDWOOD

1000 m3 - Data only for those countries providing forecasts - Données uniquement pour les pays fournissant des prévisions

UNECE COFFI and FAO EFC Foresta2021 page 20

Imports Exports

2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 Austria 16 525 17 280 17 550 8 229 9 410 9 500 8 705 8 320 8 500 409 450 450 Autriche Bosnia-Herzegovina 1 459 1 433 1 469 1 417 1 390 1 420 57 60 65 15 17 16 Bosnie-Herzegovine Cyprus 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 Chypre Czech Republic 9 100 8 655 8 790 20 286 12 716 9 942 555 545 560 11 741 4 606 1 712 République tchèque Estonia 3 436 3 470 3 470 3 259 3 100 3 100 259 450 450 82 80 80 Estonie Finland 21 577 24 602 24 339 21 593 24 690 24 512 322 203 118 338 291 291 Finlande France 11 019 12 370 11 400 11 669 13 000 12 000 184 232 300 834 862 900 France Germany 43 600 42 000 43 000 45 700 46 500 45 000 3 900 3 500 4 000 6 000 8 000 6 000 Allemagne Hungary 169 159 159 169 159 159 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hongrie Ireland 2 397 2 525 2 686 2 347 2 475 2 636 300 320 320 250 270 270 Irlande Italy 2 792 2 792 2 792 2 792 2 792 2 792 0 0 0 0 0 0 Italie Latvia 6 183 6 030 6 030 5 476 5 400 5 400 897 850 850 190 220 220 Lettonie Luxembourg 336 324 324 63 51 51 524 524 524 251 251 251 Luxembourg Montenegro 148 74 111 148 74 111 0 0 0 0 0 0 Monténégro Netherlands 134 188 188 154 180 180 65 83 83 85 75 75 Pays-Bas North Macedonia 41 41 41 41 41 41 0 0 0 0 0 0 Macédoine du Nord Poland 13 685 14 000 14 200 14 167 14 400 14 500 1 227 1 250 1 300 1 709 1 650 1 600 Pologne Portugal 2 099 1 986 1 915 1 696 1 866 1 800 428 150 140 25 30 25 Portugal Serbia 246 254 261 229 235 240 20 22 24 3 3 3 Serbie Slovakia 2 727 3 200 3 250 2 598 2 700 2 750 898 900 900 769 400 400 Slovaquie Slovenia 1 467 1 260 1 300 1 624 1 200 1 300 367 350 320 523 290 320 Slovénie Spain 3 245 3 342 3 634 3 150 3 276 3 473 215 226 381 121 160 220 Espagne Sweden 37 054 38 279 37 479 37 000 38 200 37 400 718 743 743 664 664 664 Suède Switzerland 1 808 1 930 1 995 2 093 2 200 2 250 55 50 55 340 320 310 Suisse Turkey 7 424 7 490 7 490 7 429 7 500 7 500 15 10 10 20 20 20 Turquie United Kingdom 6 051 6 634 6 634 5 829 6 412 6 412 330 330 330 108 108 108 Royaume-Un Total Europe 194 723 200 321 200 509 199 160 199 969 194 471 20 042 19 119 19 973 24 478 18 767 13 935 Total Europe Moldova 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Moldova Russia 108 143 109 224 108 110 120 439 121 644 115 562 0 0 0 12 297 12 420 7 452 Russie Total EECCA 108 144 109 225 108 111 120 440 121 645 115 563 0 0 0 12 297 12 420 7 452 Total EOCAC Canada 99 569 94 455 93 946 103 717 100 117 100 117 2 682 2 525 2 612 6 830 8 187 8 783 Canada United States 139 741 144 640 143 529 147 988 151 442 153 962 285 302 320 8 531 7 104 10 752 Etats-Unis Total North America 239 311 239 094 237 475 251 705 251 559 254 079 2 967 2 826 2 931 15 361 15 291 19 535 Total Amérique du Nord

a Countries which did not provide trade data are included in consumption data a La consommation comprend les pays qui n'ont pas fournies des données sur la commerce

Production Imports - Importations

TABLE 10

Apparent Consumption a

Consommation Apparente a Pays

SOFTWOOD SAWLOGS GRUMES DE SCIAGES DES CONIFERES

1000 m3 Data only for those countries providing forecasts - Données uniquement pour les pays fournissant des prévisions

Exports - ExportationsCountry

UNECE COFFI and FAO EFC Foresta2021 page 21

Imports Exports

2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 Austria 395 452 460 275 322 330 160 180 180 40 50 50 Autriche Bosnia-Herzegovina 614 630 630 614 626 630 9 12 10 9 8 10 Bosnie-Herzegovine Czech Republic 332 320 323 392 391 383 120 120 122 180 191 182 République tchèque Estonia 893 840 840 875 800 800 42 65 65 25 25 25 Estonie Finland 988 1 306 1 167 886 1 167 1 167 103 139 1 0 0 0 Finlande France 3 384 3 499 3 830 4 296 4 400 4 700 110 119 130 1 022 1 020 1 000 France Germany 1 863 1 850 1 790 2 513 2 400 2 300 150 150 140 800 700 650 Allemagne Hungary 986 1 098 1 098 986 1 098 1 098 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hongrie Ireland 2 8 9 3 10 11 0 0 0 1 2 2 Irlande Italy 560 560 560 560 560 560 0 0 0 0 0 0 Italie Latvia 1 674 1 725 1 725 1 903 2 000 2 000 35 25 25 265 300 300 Lettonie Luxembourg 174 193 191 18 37 35 171 171 171 15 15 15 Luxembourg Montenegro 101 50 76 101 50 76 0 0 0 0 0 0 Monténégro Netherlands 87 115 115 60 80 80 82 90 90 55 55 55 Pays-Bas North Macedonia 73 73 73 73 73 73 0 0 0 0 0 0 Macédoine du Nord Poland 2 677 2 730 2 830 2 747 2 800 2 900 80 80 80 150 150 150 Pologne Portugal 885 320 290 220 200 180 696 150 140 30 30 30 Portugal Serbia 973 977 972 988 995 998 25 27 29 40 45 55 Serbie Slovakia 1 387 1 500 1 600 1 316 1 400 1 500 381 400 400 310 300 300 Slovaquie Slovenia 235 263 243 348 400 400 32 43 43 145 180 200 Slovénie Spain 1 001 1 023 1 303 964 965 965 96 102 382 59 44 44 Espagne Sweden 216 223 223 200 200 200 23 23 23 7 0 0 Suède Switzerland 114 125 135 229 240 250 50 45 40 165 160 155 Suisse Turkey 3 486 3 515 3 515 3 460 3 500 3 500 45 30 30 19 15 15 Turquie United Kingdom 120 120 120 63 63 63 66 66 66 9 9 9 Royaume-Un Total Europe 23 219 23 516 24 118 24 088 24 777 25 199 2 476 2 038 2 167 3 345 3 299 3 247 Total Europe Moldova 30 30 30 30 30 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 Moldova Russia 12 486 13 182 14 227 14 886 15 630 16 724 0 0 0 2 400 2 448 2 497 Russie Total EECCA 12 516 13 212 14 257 14 916 15 660 16 754 0 0 0 2 400 2 448 2 497 Total EOCAC Canada 13 545 12 981 12 948 12 581 11 867 11 867 1 018 1 190 1 154 54 76 73 Canada United States 30 257 37 792 38 330 32 250 39 903 40 567 154 159 165 2 147 2 271 2 402 Etats-Unis Total North America 43 802 50 773 51 278 44 831 51 771 52 435 1 172 1 349 1 318 2 201 2 347 2 475 Total Amérique du Nord

a Countries which did not provide trade data are included in consumption data a La consommation comprend les pays qui n'ont pas fournies des données sur la commerce

Exports - ExportationsCountry Production Imports - Importations

TABLE 11

Apparent Consumption a

Consommation Apparente a Pays

HARDWOOD SAWLOGS (total) Data only for those countries providing forecasts - Données uniquement pour les pays fournissant des prévisions

GRUMES DE SCIAGES DES NON-CONIFERES

1000 m3

UNECE COFFI and FAO EFC Foresta2021 page 22

Imports Exports

2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 Austria 395 452 460 275 322 330 160 180 180 40 50 50 Autriche Bosnia-Herzegovina 614 630 630 614 626 630 9 12 10 9 8 10 Bosnie-Herzegovine Czech Republic 332 320 323 392 391 383 120 120 122 180 191 182 République tchèque Estonia 893 840 840 875 800 800 42 65 65 25 25 25 Estonie Finland 988 1 306 1 167 886 1 167 1 167 103 139 1 0 0 0 Finlande France 3 351 3 461 3 793 4 296 4 400 4 700 74 78 90 1 019 1 017 997 France Germany 1 857 1 846 1 784 2 513 2 400 2 300 142 141 130 798 695 646 Allemagne Hungary 986 1 098 1 098 986 1 098 1 098 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hongrie Ireland 2 8 9 3 10 11 0 0 0 1 2 2 Irlande Italy 560 560 560 560 560 560 0 0 0 0 0 0 Italie Latvia 1 674 1 725 1 725 1 903 2 000 2 000 35 25 25 265 300 300 Lettonie Luxembourg 159 178 176 18 37 35 156 156 156 15 15 15 Luxembourg Montenegro 101 50 76 101 50 76 0 0 0 0 0 0 Monténégro Netherlands 83 102 102 60 80 80 68 70 70 45 48 48 Pays-Bas North Macedonia 73 73 73 73 73 73 0 0 0 0 0 0 Macédoine du Nord Poland 2 675 2 728 2 828 2 747 2 800 2 900 78 78 78 150 150 150 Pologne Portugal 698 246 221 220 200 180 504 70 65 25 24 24 Portugal Serbia 972 976 971 988 995 998 24 26 28 40 45 55 Serbie Slovakia 1 387 1 500 1 600 1 316 1 400 1 500 381 400 400 310 300 300 Slovaquie Slovenia 235 262 242 348 400 400 32 42 42 145 180 200 Slovénie Spain 994 1 017 1 296 964 965 965 89 95 374 59 43 43 Espagne Sweden 216 223 223 200 200 200 23 23 23 7 0 0 Suède Switzerland 114 125 135 229 240 250 50 45 40 165 160 155 Suisse Turkey 3 486 3 515 3 515 3 460 3 500 3 500 45 30 30 19 15 15 Turquie United Kingdom 96 96 96 63 63 63 42 42 42 9 9 9 Royaume-Un Total Europe 22 940 23 338 23 943 24 088 24 777 25 199 2 176 1 837 1 971 3 324 3 276 3 226 Total Europe Moldova 30 30 30 30 30 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 Moldova Russia 12 486 13 182 14 227 14 886 15 630 16 724 0 0 0 2 400 2 448 2 497 Russie Total EECCA 12 516 13 212 14 257 14 916 15 660 16 754 0 0 0 2 400 2 448 2 497 Total EOCAC Canada 13 546 12 984 12 948 12 581 11 867 11 867 1 018 1 190 1 154 53 73 73 Canada United States 30 256 37 791 38 329 32 250 39 903 40 567 152 158 163 2 146 2 270 2 401 Etats-Unis Total North America 43 802 50 775 51 277 44 831 51 771 52 435 1 170 1 347 1 317 2 199 2 343 2 474 Total Amérique du Nord

a Countries which did not provide trade data are included in consumption data a La consommation comprend les pays qui n'ont pas fournies des données sur la commerce

Exports - ExportationsCountry Production Imports - Importations

TABLE 11a

Apparent Consumption a

Consommation Apparente a Pays

HARDWOOD LOGS (temperate) Data only for those countries providing forecasts - Données uniquement pour les pays fournissant des prévisions

GRUMES DE NON-CONIFERES (zone tempérée)

1000 m3

UNECE COFFI and FAO EFC Foresta2021 page 23

Imports Exports

2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 France -33 -38 -37 36 42 40 3 3 3 France Germany -6 -4 -6 8 9 10 2 5 4 Allemagne Luxembourg -15 -15 -15 15 15 15 0 0 0 Luxembourg Netherlands -4 -13 -13 14 20 20 10 7 7 Pays-Bas Poland -1 -2 -2 2 2 2 0 0 0 Pologne Portugal -187 -74 -69 192 80 75 5 6 6 Portugal Serbia -1 -1 -1 1 1 1 0 0 0 Serbie Slovenia -1 -1 -1 1 1 1 0 0 0 Slovénie Spain -7 -6 -7 7 8 8 0 1 1 Espagne United Kingdom -24 -24 -24 24 24 24 0 0 0 Royaume-Un Total Europe -279 -178 -175 300 201 196 20 23 21 Total Europe Canada 1 3 0 0 0 0 1 3 0 Canada United States -1 -1 -1 2 2 2 1 1 1 Etats-Unis Total North America 0 2 -1 2 2 2 2 4 1 Total Amérique du Nord

TABLE 11b

Net Trade Commerce Net Pays

HARDWOOD LOGS (tropical) GRUMES DE NON-CONIFERES (tropicale)

1000 m3

Exports - ExportationsCountry

Data only for those countries providing forecasts - Données uniquement pour les pays fournissant des prévisions

Production Imports - Importations

UNECE COFFI and FAO EFC Foresta2021 page 24

Imports Exports

2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 Austria 15 114 15 232 15 570 10 110 10 642 10 980 5 798 5 730 5 630 794 1 140 1 040 Autriche Bosnia-Herzegovina 928 911 927 881 874 891 99 87 87 51 50 51 Bosnie-Herzegovine Cyprus 8 9 9 8 8 8 1 1 1 0 0 0 Chypre Czech Republic 6 297 6 778 6 889 10 087 9 823 9 900 482 558 576 4 272 3 603 3 587 République tchèque Estonia 4 050 3 280 3 280 6 316 5 850 5 850 459 270 270 2 724 2 840 2 840 Estonie Finland 53 097 56 668 56 727 43 221 46 410 47 366 11 047 11 200 10 303 1 171 942 942 Finlande France 23 342 23 959 24 580 22 195 22 900 23 300 3 083 3 093 3 280 1 936 2 034 2 000 France Germany 27 601 26 250 27 690 29 618 30 900 31 300 3 352 2 650 3 140 5 368 7 300 6 750 Allemagne Hungary 1 766 1 936 1 936 1 707 1 843 1 843 134 223 223 75 130 130 Hongrie Ireland 1 961 1 869 1 974 2 082 2 044 2 177 129 200 203 249 375 406 Irlande Italy 5 567 5 567 5 567 4 518 4 518 4 518 1 154 1 154 1 154 105 105 105 Italie Latvia 4 140 3 650 3 650 6 387 6 050 6 050 2 019 1 800 1 800 4 266 4 200 4 200 Lettonie Luxembourg 695 757 751 625 687 681 189 189 189 119 119 119 Luxembourg Malta 2 2 2 0 0 0 2 2 2 0 0 0 Malte Montenegro 239 218 238 238 217 237 1 1 1 0 0 0 Monténégro Netherlands 1 145 1 120 1 120 1 355 1 380 1 390 734 730 730 944 990 1 000 Pays-Bas Poland 29 967 30 985 31 835 28 035 29 200 29 800 4 609 4 460 4 410 2 677 2 675 2 375 Pologne Portugal 13 533 13 750 13 782 11 462 11 900 11 870 2 363 2 280 2 382 292 430 470 Portugal Serbia 909 947 976 892 931 958 21 20 22 4 4 4 Serbie Slovakia 3 472 3 800 4 000 4 119 4 200 4 350 1 006 1 000 1 050 1 654 1 400 1 400 Slovaquie Slovenia 834 910 880 1 877 1 870 1 920 494 700 570 1 536 1 660 1 610 Slovénie Spain 11 099 11 684 12 052 12 663 13 217 13 651 557 582 603 2 121 2 116 2 202 Espagne Sweden 59 772 59 734 59 784 52 100 53 300 53 300 8 194 7 127 7 127 522 693 643 Suède Switzerland 1 692 1 713 1 738 1 254 1 280 1 310 631 623 613 193 190 185 Suisse Turkey 13 596 14 027 14 027 13 397 13 600 13 600 202 455 455 3 28 28 Turquie United Kingdom 5 136 5 482 5 482 4 670 4 974 4 974 578 578 578 112 71 71 Royaume-Un Total Europe 285 963 291 237 295 466 269 817 278 619 282 225 47 336 45 712 45 399 31 190 33 094 32 158 Total Europe Moldova 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 Moldova Russia 58 244 60 273 64 791 73 232 75 562 76 307 104 104 104 15 092 15 393 11 620 Russie Total EECCA 58 246 60 275 64 793 73 233 75 563 76 308 105 105 105 15 092 15 393 11 620 Total EOCAC Canada 34 428 30 819 31 865 31 073 27 434 27 434 4 000 3 969 4 975 645 584 545 Canada United States 228 406 228 659 234 933 233 223 234 181 234 974 190 206 201 5 007 5 728 243 Etats-Unis Total North America 262 835 259 479 266 798 264 296 261 615 262 408 4 191 4 175 5 177 5 652 6 312 788 Total Amérique du Nord

Includes wood residues, chips and particles for all purposes Comprend les dechets de bois, plaquettes et particules pour toute utilisation a Countries which did not provide trade data are included in consumption data a La consommation comprend les pays qui n'ont pas fournies des données sur la commerce

TABLE 12

Apparent Consumption a

Pays

1000 m3

Exports - Exportations

PULPWOOD (total) BOIS DE TRITURATION (total)

Country

Data only for those countries providing forecasts - Données uniquement pour les pays fournissant des prévisions

Production Imports - ImportationsConsommation Apparente a

UNECE COFFI and FAO EFC Foresta2021 page 25

Imports Exports

2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 Austria 4 999 4 750 4 840 2 358 2 510 2 600 2 749 2 500 2 400 108 260 160 Autriche Bosnia-Herzegovina 622 625 623 559 567 570 77 68 65 14 10 12 Bosnie-Herzegovine Czech Republic 4 527 5 000 5 050 8 036 7 799 7 798 263 255 268 3 772 3 054 3 016 République tchèque Estonia 528 475 475 1 148 1 075 1 075 21 40 40 641 640 640 Estonie Finland 21 957 24 401 24 237 21 635 23 931 24 294 1 205 1 238 711 883 768 768 Finlande France 4 622 4 724 4 700 4 479 4 600 4 600 506 561 600 363 438 500 France Germany 10 290 7 600 9 000 10 590 10 600 11 000 2 200 1 500 2 000 2 500 4 500 4 000 Allemagne Hungary 596 542 542 596 542 542 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hongrie Ireland 1 117 752 801 1 197 877 934 30 50 53 110 175 186 Irlande Italy 853 853 853 853 853 853 0 0 0 0 0 0 Italie Latvia 1 814 1 750 1 750 2 241 2 100 2 100 306 350 350 733 700 700 Lettonie Luxembourg 40 32 32 40 32 32 0 0 0 0 0 0 Luxembourg Montenegro 17 9 23 17 9 23 0 0 0 0 0 0 Monténégro Netherlands 142 140 140 255 260 260 82 80 80 195 200 200 Pays-Bas Poland 13 036 13 600 13 950 13 886 14 500 14 600 1 185 1 200 1 250 2 035 2 100 1 900 Pologne Portugal 2 205 2 350 2 272 2 130 2 300 2 230 81 80 82 6 30 40 Portugal Serbia 94 96 98 94 96 98 0 0 0 0 0 0 Serbie Slovakia 702 900 950 1 157 1 200 1 250 575 500 500 1 030 800 800 Slovaquie Slovenia 278 310 330 346 230 280 230 310 280 298 230 230 Slovénie Spain 2 931 2 905 2 952 3 489 3 665 3 751 95 100 102 653 860 901 Espagne Sweden 29 055 29 293 29 393 25 400 26 100 26 200 3 931 3 469 3 469 276 276 276 Suède Switzerland 238 240 245 308 310 315 20 20 20 90 90 90 Suisse Turkey 7 224 7 352 7 352 7 222 7 350 7 350 3 3 3 1 1 1 Turquie United Kingdom 1 885 1 885 1 885 1 630 1 630 1 630 283 283 283 29 29 29 Royaume-Uni Total Europe 109 772 110 583 112 492 109 665 113 137 114 386 13 842 12 607 12 556 13 736 15 161 14 449 Total Europe Russia 29 389 29 682 32 041 33 289 33 622 31 941 100 100 100 4 000 4 040 0 Russie Total EECCA 29 389 29 682 32 041 33 289 33 622 31 941 100 100 100 4 000 4 040 0 Total EOCAC Canada 4 432 3 984 4 267 3 804 3 470 3 470 645 518 800 17 4 3 Canada United States 133 463 133 526 133 557 133 458 133 521 133 552 5 5 5 0 0 0 Etats-Unis Total North America 137 895 137 511 137 825 137 262 136 992 137 023 650 523 805 17 4 3 Total Amérique du Nord

a Countries which did not provide trade data are included in consumption data a La consommation comprend les pays qui n'ont pas fournies des données sur la commerce

TABLE 12a

Apparent Consumption a

Consommation Apparente a Pays

PULPWOOD LOGS (ROUND AND SPLIT) BOIS DE TRITURATION (RONDINS ET QUARTIERS)

1000 m3 - Data only for those countries providing forecasts - Données uniquement pour les pays fournissant des prévisions

Exports - ExportationsCountry Production

Softwood Conifères

Imports - Importations

UNECE COFFI and FAO EFC Foresta2021 page 26

Imports Exports

2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 Austria 1 210 1 382 1 380 600 682 680 680 780 780 70 80 80 Autriche Bosnia-Herzegovina 61 62 64 55 57 56 13 10 12 7 5 4 Bosnie-Herzegovine Czech Republic 276 293 306 323 334 352 17 18 18 64 59 64 République tchèque Estonia 507 205 205 1 168 1 075 1 075 172 130 130 833 1 000 1 000 Estonie Finland 11 986 11 834 11 801 7 416 7 158 7 542 4 637 4 709 4 292 67 32 32 Finlande France 2 509 2 546 2 480 3 314 3 300 3 200 67 66 80 872 820 800 France Germany 2 663 2 650 2 690 2 913 2 800 2 800 150 150 140 400 300 250 Allemagne Hungary 306 377 377 306 377 377 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hongrie Italy 166 166 166 166 166 166 0 0 0 0 0 0 Italie Latvia 600 400 400 1 882 1 750 1 750 461 350 350 1 743 1 700 1 700 Lettonie Luxembourg 64 134 128 64 134 128 0 0 0 0 0 0 Luxembourg Montenegro 26 13 19 26 13 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 Monténégro Netherlands 65 50 50 147 160 160 21 20 20 103 130 130 Pays-Bas Poland 4 953 5 385 5 785 4 468 4 900 5 300 560 560 560 75 75 75 Pologne Portugal 8 585 8 300 8 350 7 410 7 600 7 620 1 353 1 000 1 050 178 300 320 Portugal Serbia 293 299 309 294 300 310 0 0 0 1 1 1 Serbie Slovakia 1 788 1 900 2 000 1 828 1 850 1 900 70 150 200 110 100 100 Slovaquie Slovenia 146 140 100 450 490 440 88 130 90 392 480 430 Slovénie Spain 5 267 5 658 5 658 5 942 6 074 6 150 285 291 295 960 707 787 Espagne Sweden 8 641 8 441 8 541 6 100 6 200 6 300 2 558 2 258 2 258 17 17 17 Suède Switzerland 137 143 148 174 180 185 3 3 3 40 40 40 Suisse Turkey 5 225 5 300 5 300 5 225 5 300 5 300 2 2 2 2 2 2 Turquie United Kingdom 17 17 17 2 2 2 16 16 16 0 0 0 Royaume-Un Total Europe 55 490 55 695 56 274 50 273 50 901 51 811 11 152 10 643 10 295 5 935 5 849 5 832 Total Europe Russia 8 465 9 105 10 109 15 665 16 449 17 600 0 0 0 7 200 7 344 7 491 Russie Total EECCA 8 465 9 105 10 109 15 665 16 449 17 600 0 0 0 7 200 7 344 7 491 Total EOCAC Canada 8 112 7 871 7 870 8 474 8 073 8 073 31 28 19 393 231 223 Canada United States 42 217 42 237 42 247 42 264 42 284 42 294 42 42 42 89 89 89 Etats-Unis Total North America 50 329 50 108 50 117 50 738 50 358 50 368 73 70 61 482 320 312 Total Amérique du Nord

a Countries which did not provide trade data are included in consumption data a La consommation comprend les pays qui n'ont pas fournies des données sur la commerce

Hardwood Non-conifères 1000 m3 - Data only for those countries providing forecasts - Données uniquement pour les pays fournissant des prévisions

BOIS DE TRITURATION (RONDINS ET QUARTIERS)

Production Imports - Importations

TABLE 12b

Apparent Consumption a

Consommation Apparente a PaysExports - ExportationsCountry

PULPWOOD LOGS (ROUND AND SPLIT)

UNECE COFFI and FAO EFC Foresta2021 page 27

Imports Exports

2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 Austria 8 904 9 100 9 350 7 152 7 450 7 700 2 369 2 450 2 450 616 800 800 Autriche Bosnia-Herzegovina 245 224 240 267 250 265 9 9 10 30 35 35 Bosnie-Herzegovine Cyprus 8 9 9 8 8 8 1 1 1 0 0 0 Chypre Czech Republic 1 494 1 485 1 533 1 728 1 690 1 750 202 285 290 436 490 507 République tchèque Estonia 3 015 2 600 2 600 4 000 3 700 3 700 266 100 100 1 251 1 200 1 200 Estonie Finland 19 154 20 432 20 689 14 170 15 321 15 530 5 205 5 254 5 301 221 142 142 Finlande France 16 211 16 690 17 400 14 402 15 000 15 500 2 510 2 465 2 600 701 776 700 France Germany 14 649 16 000 16 000 16 115 17 500 17 500 1 002 1 000 1 000 2 468 2 500 2 500 Allemagne Hungary 864 1 017 1 017 805 924 924 134 223 223 75 130 130 Hongrie Ireland 844 1 117 1 173 885 1 167 1 243 99 150 150 139 200 220 Irlande Italy 4 549 4 549 4 549 3 500 3 500 3 500 1 154 1 154 1 154 105 105 105 Italie Latvia 1 726 1 500 1 500 2 264 2 200 2 200 1 252 1 100 1 100 1 790 1 800 1 800 Lettonie Luxembourg 591 591 591 521 521 521 189 189 189 119 119 119 Luxembourg Malta 2 2 2 0 0 0 2 2 2 0 0 0 Malte Montenegro 196 196 196 195 195 195 1 1 1 0 0 0 Monténégro Netherlands 938 930 930 953 960 970 631 630 630 646 660 670 Pays-Bas Poland 11 977 12 000 12 100 9 680 9 800 9 900 2 864 2 700 2 600 567 500 400 Pologne Portugal 2 742 3 100 3 160 1 921 2 000 2 020 929 1 200 1 250 108 100 110 Portugal Serbia 522 552 569 504 535 550 21 20 22 3 3 3 Serbie Slovakia 982 1 000 1 050 1 135 1 150 1 200 361 350 350 514 500 500 Slovaquie Slovenia 409 460 450 1 080 1 150 1 200 176 260 200 847 950 950 Slovénie Spain 2 902 3 120 3 442 3 233 3 478 3 750 178 191 206 508 548 514 Espagne Sweden 22 076 22 000 21 850 20 600 21 000 20 800 1 705 1 400 1 400 229 400 350 Suède Switzerland 1 317 1 330 1 345 772 790 810 608 600 590 63 60 55 Suisse Turkey 1 147 1 375 1 375 950 950 950 197 450 450 0 25 25 Turquie United Kingdom 3 234 3 580 3 580 3 038 3 342 3 342 279 279 279 83 41 41 Royaume-Uni Total Europe 120 700 124 959 126 700 109 879 114 581 116 029 22 341 22 462 22 548 11 520 12 084 11 876 Total Europe Moldova 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 Moldova Russia 20 390 21 487 22 641 24 278 25 492 26 766 4 4 4 3 892 4 009 4 129 Russie Total EECCA 20 392 21 489 22 643 24 279 25 493 26 767 5 5 5 3 892 4 009 4 129 Total EOCAC Canada 21 885 18 964 19 728 18 795 15 890 15 890 3 324 3 423 4 156 235 349 318 Canada United States 52 726 52 896 59 128 57 501 58 376 59 128 143 159 154 4 918 5 639 154 Etats-Unis Total North America 74 611 71 860 78 856 76 296 74 266 75 018 3 467 3 581 4 310 5 153 5 988 472 Total Amérique du Nord

TABLE 12c

Apparent Consumption Consommation Apparente Pays

WOOD RESIDUES, CHIPS AND PARTICLES DECHETS DE BOIS, PLAQUETTES ET PARTICULES

1000 m3

Exports - Exportations

Data only for those countries providing forecasts - Données uniquement pour les pays fournissant des prévisions

Country Production Imports - Importations

UNECE COFFI and FAO EFC Foresta2021 page 28

Imports Exports

2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 Austria 1 074 1 135 1 250 1 540 1 650 1 800 384 425 390 849 940 940 Autriche Bosnia-Herzegovina 90 94 94 150 162 165 1 2 3 61 70 74 Bosnie-Herzegovine Cyprus 4 4 4 0 0 0 4 4 4 0 0 0 Chypre Czech Republic 180 182 198 477 490 502 32 34 35 329 342 339 République tchèque Estonia 572 115 115 1 630 1 400 1 400 12 15 15 1 070 1 300 1 300 Estonie Finland 427 395 420 322 345 365 112 90 90 7 40 35 Finlande France 2 075 2 101 2 200 1 760 1 800 1 850 412 410 450 97 109 100 France Germany 2 590 2 880 3 225 3 100 3 300 3 600 291 325 350 801 745 725 Allemagne Hungary 77 79 79 16 19 19 84 82 82 23 22 22 Hongrie Ireland 45 65 65 38 55 55 38 45 45 30 35 35 Irlande Italy 2 194 2 194 2 194 400 400 400 1 802 1 802 1 802 7 7 7 Italie Latvia 325 300 300 2 264 2 200 2 200 425 400 400 2 364 2 300 2 300 Lettonie Luxembourg 47 47 47 63 63 63 11 11 11 27 27 27 Luxembourg Malta 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Malte Montenegro 53 47 47 89 82 82 1 1 1 37 37 37 Monténégro Netherlands 2 442 2 609 3 180 300 300 300 2 297 2 429 3 000 155 120 120 Pays-Bas North Macedonia 91 91 91 0 0 0 91 91 91 0 0 0 Macédoine du Nord Poland 818 880 900 1 353 1 450 1 500 176 180 200 711 750 800 Pologne Portugal 255 204 245 859 900 950 2 4 5 606 700 710 Portugal Serbia 406 445 450 445 455 460 40 45 50 79 55 60 Serbie Slovakia 20 20 20 206 200 200 43 45 45 229 225 225 Slovaquie Slovenia 206 165 175 148 160 165 257 215 230 198 210 220 Slovénie Spain 507 696 798 531 745 863 65 76 80 89 125 145 Espagne Sweden 1 642 1 940 1 940 1 660 2 000 2 000 119 140 140 138 200 200 Suède Switzerland 347 350 355 270 275 285 78 75 70 0 0 0 Suisse Turkey 6 6 6 20 20 20 0 0 0 14 14 14 Turquie United Kingdom 9 345 9 345 9 345 271 271 271 9 078 9 078 9 078 4 4 4 Royaume-Un Total Europe 25 840 26 388 27 743 17 912 18 743 19 516 15 854 16 023 16 666 7 925 8 378 8 439 Total Europe Moldova 32 32 32 31 31 31 2 2 2 0 0 0 Moldova Russia 509 470 540 2 800 3 220 3 703 2 2 2 2 294 2 752 3 165 Russie Total EECCA 541 502 573 2 831 3 251 3 734 4 4 4 2 294 2 752 3 165 Total EOCAC Canada 960 795 536 3 830 4 131 4 131 31 46 54 2 901 3 381 3 649 Canada United States 1 360 1 503 1 572 8 412 8 855 9 210 205 227 236 7 257 7 578 7 874 Etats-Unis Total North America 2 321 2 299 2 108 12 242 12 985 13 341 236 272 290 10 158 10 958 11 523 Total Amérique du Nord

Exports - Exportations Pays

TABLE 13 WOOD PELLETS GRANULES DE BOIS

1000 mt Apparent Consumption

Country Consommation Apparente

Data only for those countries providing forecasts - Données uniquement pour les pays fournissant des prévisions

Production Imports - Importations

UNECE COFFI and FAO EFC Foresta2021 page 29

2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 actual actual actual actual réels réels réels réels

Sawn softwood 82.76 89.42 90.28 102.87 107.84 109.03 32.51 35.40 34.94 52.63 53.82 53.68 Sciages conifères

Softwood logs a 194.72 200.32 200.51 199.16 199.97 194.47 20.04 19.12 19.97 24.48 18.77 13.94 Grumes de conifères a

Sawn hardwood 10.78 11.34 11.61 10.72 11.25 11.40 4.01 4.25 4.34 3.95 4.17 4.12 Sciages non-conifères

– temperate zone b 10.05 10.62 10.88 10.65 11.19 11.34 3.24 3.49 3.56 3.84 4.06 4.01 – zone tempérée b

– tropical zone b 0.72 0.72 0.73 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.77 0.77 0.78 0.11 0.11 0.11 – zone tropicale b

Hardwood logs a 23.22 23.52 24.12 24.09 24.78 25.20 2.48 2.04 2.17 3.34 3.30 3.25 Grumes de non-conifères a

– temperate zone b 22.94 23.34 23.94 24.09 24.78 25.20 2.18 1.84 1.97 3.32 3.28 3.23 – zone tempérée b

– tropical zone b 0.28 0.18 0.17 0.30 0.20 0.20 0.02 0.02 0.02 – zone tropicale b

Veneer sheets 1.44 1.51 1.53 1.03 1.13 1.13 1.18 1.23 1.26 0.77 0.85 0.86 Feuilles de placage

Plywood 7.44 7.27 7.51 4.39 4.61 4.63 6.77 6.68 6.90 3.72 4.02 4.03 Contreplaqués

Particle board (excluding OSB) 28.83 29.99 30.57 30.22 31.31 31.80 9.16 9.50 9.84 10.55 10.83 11.07 Pann. de particules (sauf OSB)

OSB 5.66 5.74 5.81 5.85 5.69 5.80 3.26 3.29 3.34 3.45 3.24 3.33 OSB

Fibreboard 20.47 20.83 21.46 22.07 22.67 23.15 9.24 9.65 9.86 10.84 11.49 11.55 Panneaux de fibres

– Hardboard 0.52 0.66 0.74 0.38 0.42 0.43 1.38 1.42 1.45 1.25 1.19 1.14 – Durs

– MDF 16.80 17.00 17.48 18.52 19.04 19.43 5.86 6.14 6.25 7.58 8.18 8.20 – MDF

– Other board 3.15 3.17 3.24 3.16 3.22 3.29 2.00 2.08 2.15 2.01 2.13 2.21 – Autres panneaux Pulpwood a 285.96 291.24 295.47 269.82 278.62 282.23 47.34 45.71 45.40 31.19 33.09 32.16 Bois de trituration a

– Pulp logs 165.26 166.28 168.77 159.94 164.04 166.20 24.99 23.25 22.85 19.67 21.01 20.28 – Bois ronds de trituration

– softwood 109.77 110.58 112.49 109.67 113.14 114.39 13.84 12.61 12.56 13.74 15.16 14.45 – conifères

– hardwood 55.49 55.69 56.27 50.27 50.90 51.81 11.15 10.64 10.30 5.93 5.85 5.83 – non-conifères

– Residues, chips and particles 120.70 124.96 126.70 109.88 114.58 116.03 22.34 22.46 22.55 11.52 12.08 11.88 – Déchets, plaquettes et part. Wood pulp 40.30 40.64 40.12 36.93 37.91 37.93 17.92 17.74 17.65 14.55 15.02 15.46 Pâte de bois

Paper and paperboard 76.36 76.97 77.32 86.91 89.94 90.19 44.50 44.66 44.77 55.05 57.63 57.65 Papiers et cartons

Wood Pellets 25.84 26.39 27.74 17.91 18.74 19.52 15.85 16.02 16.67 7.93 8.38 8.44 Granulés de bois a Countries which did not provide trade data are included in consumption data a La consommation comprend les pays qui n'ont pas fourni des données sur le commerce b Trade figures by zone do not equal the total as some countries cannot provide data for both zones b Les chiffres du commerce par zone ne correspondent pas aux totaux

en raison du fait que certains pays ne peuvent les différencier.

TABLE 14

Apparent Consumption Consommation Apparente Exports - ExportationsProduction

Europe: Summary table of market forecasts for 2021 and 2022

Europe: Tableau récapitulatif des prévisions du marché pour 2021 et 2022

million m 3 (pulp, paper and pellets million m.t. - pâte de bois, papiers et cartons, et granulés en millions de tonnes métriques)

Imports - Importations

Data only for those countries providing forecasts - Données uniquement pour les pays fournissant des prévisions

prévisions forecasts prévisions

forecasts prévisions

forecasts prévisions

forecasts

UNECE COFFI and FAO EFC Foresta2021 page 30

2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 actual actual actual actual réels réels réels réels

Sawn softwood 99.90 108.23 111.04 101.84 106.68 109.76 26.26 26.68 26.58 28.20 25.13 25.30 Sciages conifères

Softwood logs 239.31 239.09 237.48 251.70 251.56 254.08 2.97 2.83 2.93 15.36 15.29 19.53 Grumes de conifères

Sawn hardwood 15.07 15.55 15.76 17.68 17.82 17.86 1.38 1.55 1.65 4.00 3.81 3.76 Sciages non-conifères

– temperate zone 14.93 15.43 15.63 17.68 17.82 17.86 1.20 1.37 1.47 3.95 3.76 3.70 – zone tempérée

– tropical zone 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.19 0.18 0.19 0.05 0.05 0.06 – zone tropicale

Hardwood logs 43.80 50.77 51.28 44.83 51.77 52.43 1.17 1.35 1.32 2.20 2.35 2.47 Grumes de non-conifères

– temperate zone 43.80 50.78 51.28 44.83 51.77 52.43 1.17 1.35 1.32 2.20 2.34 2.47 – zone tempérée

– tropical zone 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 – zone tropicale Veneer sheets 2.85 2.90 2.96 2.87 2.93 3.01 0.74 0.82 0.84 0.76 0.86 0.88 Feuilles de placage

Plywood 16.41 17.41 17.77 11.17 11.75 12.00 6.31 6.80 6.92 1.07 1.13 1.14 Contreplaqués

Particle board (excluding OSB) 7.25 6.77 6.74 6.41 6.26 6.30 1.95 1.94 1.98 1.12 1.43 1.54 Pann. de particules (sauf OSB)

OSB 20.08 20.76 21.06 20.34 21.24 21.57 5.19 5.58 5.68 5.45 6.07 6.18 OSB

Fibreboard 9.46 9.82 9.83 7.35 7.40 7.40 3.64 3.94 3.95 1.52 1.52 1.52 Panneaux de fibres

– Hardboard 0.27 0.29 0.29 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.34 0.35 – Durs

– MDF 5.88 6.16 6.18 3.77 3.82 3.82 3.02 3.25 3.25 0.91 0.90 0.89 – MDF

– Other board 3.31 3.36 3.36 3.28 3.28 3.28 0.31 0.36 0.37 0.28 0.28 0.29 – Autres panneaux Pulpwood 262.83 259.48 266.80 264.30 261.62 262.41 4.19 4.17 5.18 5.65 6.31 0.79 Bois de trituration

– Pulp logs 188.22 187.62 187.94 188.00 187.35 187.39 0.72 0.59 0.87 0.50 0.32 0.32 – Bois ronds de trituration

– softwood 137.89 137.51 137.82 137.26 136.99 137.02 0.65 0.52 0.81 0.02 0.00 0.00 – conifères

– hardwood 50.33 50.11 50.12 50.74 50.36 50.37 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.48 0.32 0.31 – non-conifères

– Residues, chips and particles 74.61 71.86 78.86 76.30 74.27 75.02 3.47 3.58 4.31 5.15 5.99 0.47 – Déchets, plaquettes et part. Wood pulp 54.46 55.16 55.31 64.98 65.09 64.61 6.30 6.77 7.22 16.82 16.71 16.52 Pâte de bois

Paper and paperboard 68.29 70.84 71.97 74.59 77.14 78.53 10.00 10.31 10.28 16.31 16.60 16.84 Papiers et cartons

Wood pellets 2.32 2.30 2.11 12.24 12.99 13.34 0.24 0.27 0.29 10.16 10.96 11.52 Granulés de bois

TABLE 15

Apparent Consumption Consommation Apparente Exports - ExportationsProduction

North America: Summary table of market forecasts for 2021 and 2022

Amérique du Nord: Tableau récapitulatif des prévisions du marché pour 2021 et 2022

million m3 (pulp, paper and pellets million m.t. - pâte de bois, papiers et cartons, et granulés en millions de tonnes métriques)

Imports - Importations

Data only for those countries providing forecasts - Données uniquement pour les pays fournissant des prévisions

forecasts prévisions

forecasts prévisions

forecasts prévisions

forecasts prévisions

UNECE COFFI and FAO EFC Foresta2021 page 31

2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 actual actual actual actual réels réels réels réels

Sawn softwood 9.13 10.15 11.25 38.92 40.09 42.09 0.04 0.04 0.04 29.83 29.98 30.88 Sciages conifères

Softwood logs 108.14 109.22 108.11 120.44 121.64 115.56 0.00 0.00 0.00 12.30 12.42 7.45 Grumes de conifères

Sawn hardwood 1.34 1.38 1.48 2.88 2.97 3.14 0.01 0.01 0.01 1.54 1.59 1.67 Sciages non-conifères

– temperate zone 1.34 1.38 1.47 2.88 2.97 3.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.54 1.59 1.67 – zone tempérée

– tropical zone 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 – zone tropicale

Hardwood logs 12.49 13.18 14.23 14.89 15.63 16.72 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.40 2.45 2.50 Grumes de non-conifères

– temperate zone 12.49 13.18 14.23 14.89 15.63 16.72 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.40 2.45 2.50 – zone tempérée

– tropical zone 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 – zone tropicale Veneer sheets 1.10 1.44 1.69 1.57 1.96 2.26 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.49 0.54 0.58 Feuilles de placage

Plywood 1.22 1.44 1.51 4.00 4.60 4.83 0.12 0.13 0.13 2.90 3.28 3.45 Contreplaqués

Particle board (excluding OSB) 5.29 6.12 6.50 6.73 7.15 7.53 0.30 0.67 0.79 1.74 1.69 1.83 Pann. de particules (sauf OSB)

OSB 1.61 1.08 1.26 1.63 1.63 1.95 0.35 0.18 0.14 0.36 0.72 0.83 OSB

Fibreboard 2.80 3.42 3.67 3.58 4.30 4.63 0.46 0.59 0.64 1.24 1.48 1.60 Panneaux de fibres

– Hardboard 0.32 0.39 0.35 0.37 0.45 0.40 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.15 0.16 0.15 – Durs

– MDF 2.45 2.99 3.29 3.20 3.84 4.22 0.33 0.46 0.51 1.08 1.31 1.44 – MDF

– Other board 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 – Autres panneaux Pulpwood 58.24 60.27 64.79 73.23 75.56 76.31 0.10 0.10 0.10 15.09 15.39 11.62 Bois de trituration

– Pulp logs 37.85 38.79 42.15 48.95 50.07 49.54 0.10 0.10 0.10 11.20 11.38 7.49 – Bois ronds de trituration

– softwood 29.39 29.68 32.04 33.29 33.62 31.94 0.10 0.10 0.10 4.00 4.04 0.00 – conifères

– hardwood 8.47 9.10 10.11 15.67 16.45 17.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.20 7.34 7.49 – non-conifères

– Residues, chips and particles 20.39 21.49 22.64 24.28 25.49 26.77 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.89 4.01 4.13 – Déchets, plaquettes et part. Wood pulp 6.53 6.55 6.68 8.77 8.85 9.03 0.21 0.21 0.22 2.44 2.52 2.57 Pâte de bois

Paper and paperboard 7.12 7.62 7.95 9.53 10.19 10.70 1.19 1.17 1.14 3.60 3.75 3.90 Papiers et cartons

Wood pellets 0.51 0.47 0.54 2.80 3.22 3.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.29 2.75 3.17 Granulés de bois

TABLE 16

Apparent Consumption Consommation Apparente Exports - ExportationsProduction

Russian Federation: Summary table of market forecasts for 2021 and 2022

Fédération de Russie: Tableau récapitulatif des prévisions du marché pour 2021 et 2022

million m3 (pulp, paper and pellets million m.t. - pâte de bois, papiers et cartons, et granulés en millions de tonnes métriques)

Imports - Importations

prévisions forecasts prévisions

forecasts prévisions

forecasts prévisions

forecasts

UNECE COFFI and FAO EFC Foresta2021 page 32

Unit Unité 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

1979-81 1999-2001 Volume Percent

EXPORTS EXPORTATIONS

Roundwood a million m3 22.22 48.68 61.29 63.02 70.01 78.70 82.01 3.31 4.2% Bois ronds a

Sawnwood " 24.77 45.99 55.71 58.51 59.86 62.83 56.58 -6.25 -9.9% Sciages Wood-based panels b " 8.07 21.42 33.67 35.66 35.43 35.67 28.55 -7.12 -20.0% Panneaux à base de bois b

Wood pulp million m.t. 7.31 10.08 14.31 14.81 15.19 16.26 14.55 -1.71 -10.5% Pâte de bois Paper and paperboard " 18.39 54.06 65.56 66.20 66.45 65.12 55.05 -10.07 -15.5% Papiers et cartons

IMPORTS IMPORTATIONS

Roundwood a million m3 38.83 74.99 85.69 79.61 90.25 89.33 86.83 -2.50 -2.8% Bois ronds a

Sawnwood " 34.26 46.39 40.93 43.88 46.19 47.38 36.52 -10.86 -22.9% Sciages Wood-based panels b " 10.30 21.38 33.04 35.75 37.21 36.72 28.43 -8.29 -22.6% Panneaux à base de bois b

Wood pulp million m.t. 11.36 17.26 20.73 20.86 21.51 20.02 17.92 -2.10 -10.5% Pâte de bois Paper and paperboard " 16.78 48.69 56.27 57.08 57.24 55.14 44.50 -10.64 -19.3% Papiers et cartons

NET TRADE c COMMERCE NET c

Roundwood a million m3 -16.61 -26.31 -24.40 -16.59 -20.24 -10.63 -4.82 5.81 54.6% Bois ronds a

Sawnwood " -9.49 -0.40 14.78 14.62 13.68 15.45 20.06 4.61 29.8% Sciages Wood-based panels b " -2.23 0.04 0.63 -0.10 -1.79 -1.05 0.12 1.17 NA Panneaux à base de bois b

Wood pulp million m.t. -4.05 -7.18 -6.42 -6.05 -6.31 -3.76 -3.37 0.39 10.3% Pâte de bois Paper and paperboard " 1.61 5.37 9.29 9.12 9.21 9.98 10.55 0.57 5.7% Papiers et cartons

a Including available data on wood residues, chips and particles a Y compris les données disponibles pour les déchets, les plaquettes et les particules b Not including veneer sheets b Ne sot pas compris les feuilles de placage c Exports minus imports c Exportations moins importations

2019/2020

Quantity - Volume

TABLE 17 Europe: Trade in forest products by main product groups, 1979-81 and 1999-2001 (averages) and 2016 to 2020

Europe: Commerce des produits forestiers, par principaux groupes d'assortiments, en 1979-81 et 1999-2001 (moyennes) et de 2016 à 2020

Change - Changementaverage moyenne

UNECE COFFI and FAO EFC Foresta2021 page 33

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 1979-81 1999-2001

Sawnwood b million m3 100.66 108.12 107.55 110.81 113.12 110.61 93.53 100.75 101.89 Sciages b

– Softwood " 78.36 89.22 94.52 97.49 99.05 96.33 82.76 89.42 90.28 – Conifères – Hardwood " 22.30 18.90 13.03 13.32 14.07 14.27 10.78 11.34 11.61 – Non-conifères

Wood-based panels c " 33.70 54.21 71.70 74.21 75.86 74.96 62.39 63.82 65.34 Panneaux à base de bois c

– Plywood " 5.44 6.66 8.43 8.89 9.48 8.91 7.44 7.27 7.51 – Contreplaqués – Particle board d " 23.82 34.50 36.11 36.97 36.61 36.39 28.83 29.99 30.57 – Panneaux de particules d

– OSB 1.72 6.18 6.63 6.89 6.74 5.66 5.74 5.81 – OSB – Fibreboard " 4.44 11.00 20.99 21.72 22.88 22.92 20.47 20.83 21.46 – Panneaux de fibres

Paper and paperboard million m.t. 49.17 88.67 88.40 89.94 89.53 86.18 76.36 76.97 77.32 Papiers et cartons – Newsprint " 6.45 12.04 6.61 6.03 5.76 5.26 4.10 – Papiers journal – Other paper & paperbrd. " 42.71 76.63 81.79 83.91 83.77 80.92 72.26 – Autres papiers/cartons

Sawnwood b 100.0 107.4 106.8 110.1 112.4 109.9 92.9 100.1 101.2 Sciages b

– Softwood 100.0 113.9 120.6 124.4 126.4 122.9 105.6 114.1 115.2 – Conifères – Hardwood 100.0 84.7 58.4 59.7 63.1 64.0 48.3 50.8 52.1 – Non-conifères

Wood-based panels c 100.0 160.9 212.8 220.2 225.1 222.4 185.1 189.4 193.9 Panneaux à base de bois c

– Plywood 100.0 122.5 154.9 163.4 174.2 163.8 136.7 133.6 138.0 – Contreplaqués – Particle board 100.0 144.8 151.6 155.2 153.7 152.8 121.0 125.9 128.3 – Panneaux de particules – OSB 100.0 359.2 385.7 400.4 391.9 329.0 333.6 337.7 – OSB – Fibreboard 100.0 247.9 472.8 489.2 515.3 516.1 461.0 469.1 483.3 – Panneaux de fibres

Paper and paperboard 100.0 180.3 179.8 182.9 182.1 175.3 155.3 156.5 157.2 Papiers et cartons – Newsprint 100.0 186.6 102.5 93.4 89.2 81.6 63.5 – Papiers journal – Other paper & paperbrd. 100.0 179.4 191.5 196.5 196.1 189.5 169.2 – Autres papiers/cartons

a The forecasts and 2020 are not a Une comparison entre prévisions (et 2020) comparable with earlier data as the methodology is different. et les donnes anterieures n'est pas possible à cause de différences des méthodes de calcul. b Excluding sleepers through 2016 b Non compris les traverses jusqu'à 2016 c Not including veneer sheets c Ne sont pas compris les feuilles de placage d Average figure for 1979-81 includes OSB d Les chiffres moyennes 1979-81 comprennent le OSB

TABLE 18 Europe: Apparent consumption of selected forest products, 1979-81 and 1999-2001 (averages), 2016 to 2020, and forecasts for 2021 and 2022

Europe: Consommation apparente de certains produits forestiers, en 1979-81 et 1999-2001 (moyennes), de 2016 à 2020 et prévisions pour 2021 et 2022

Forecasts a

Index - Indice 1979-81 = 100

Prévisions aActual - RéelleUnit Unité average

moyenne

UNECE COFFI and FAO EFC Foresta2021 page 34

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 1979-81 1999-2001

Sawnwood b million m3 95.82 119.44 99.75 100.40 101.08 101.75 99.92 102.05 103.10 Sciages b

– Softwood " 79.14 91.63 80.22 81.41 81.94 82.26 86.12 87.85 88.69 – Conifères – Hardwood " 16.67 27.81 19.53 18.99 19.14 19.49 13.81 14.20 14.41 – Non-conifères

Wood-based panels c " 29.25 54.68 47.17 48.78 47.93 46.78 46.09 47.63 48.43 Panneaux à base de boisc

– Plywood " 6.09 18.74 15.42 15.60 14.87 14.03 14.03 14.64 14.94 – Contreplaqués – Particle board d " 17.11 10.15 5.04 5.09 5.18 5.40 5.24 5.41 5.52 – Panneaux de particulesd

– OSB 17.75 17.08 18.33 18.86 18.67 18.58 19.35 19.72 – OSB – Fibreboard " 6.05 8.05 9.63 9.75 9.01 8.69 8.24 8.24 8.24 – Panneaux de fibres

Paper and paperboard million m.t. 61.86 92.52 70.10 69.61 68.82 66.31 63.57 66.13 67.40 Papiers et cartons – Newsprint " 10.56 12.20 3.03 2.62 2.29 1.91 1.42 – Papiers journal – Other paper & paperbrd. " 51.30 80.33 67.07 66.99 66.53 64.41 62.15 – Autres papiers/cartons

Sawnwood b million m3 23.87 34.46 28.33 27.42 26.44 25.30 26.26 26.70 26.57 Sciages b

– Softwood " 23.10 32.93 27.37 26.70 25.49 24.53 25.63 26.03 25.88 – Conifères – Hardwood " 0.77 1.53 0.96 0.72 0.95 0.77 0.63 0.67 0.69 – Non-conifères

Wood-based panels c " 2.11 12.82 13.23 14.50 15.67 14.34 14.46 14.97 15.13 Panneaux à base de boisc

– Plywood " 0.50 2.63 4.88 4.93 5.47 4.66 5.06 5.30 5.33 – Contreplaqués – Particle board " 1.33 1.44 1.25 1.24 1.33 1.43 1.46 1.33 1.36 – Panneaux de particules – OSB 6.81 5.07 5.57 5.67 5.42 5.07 5.46 5.56 – OSB – Fibreboard " 0.28 1.94 2.03 2.76 3.21 2.83 2.88 2.88 2.88 – Panneaux de fibres

Paper and paperboard million m.t. 7.78 15.84 9.26 9.17 9.46 8.72 7.64 7.83 7.87 Papiers et cartons – Newsprint " 6.49 6.61 1.84 1.72 1.53 1.28 1.05 – Papiers journal – Other paper & paperbrd. " 1.29 9.24 7.42 7.45 7.94 7.45 6.60 – Autres papiers/cartons

a The forecasts and 2020 are not a Une comparison entre prévisions (et 2020) comparable with earlier data as the methodology is different. et les donnes anterieures s n'est pas possible à cause de différences des méthodes de calcul. b Excluding sleepers through 2016 b Non compris les traverses jusqu'à 2016 c Not including veneer sheets c Ne sont pas compris les feuilles de placage d Average figure for 1979-81 includes OSB d Les chiffres moyennes 1979-81 comprennent le OSB

Actual - Réelle Unit Unité

Imports – Importations

Apparent Consumption – Consommation apparente

average moyenne

TABLE 19 United States: Apparent consumption and imports of selected forest products, 1979-81 and 1999-2001 (averages), 2016 to 2020, and forecasts for 2021 and 2022

Etats-Unis: Consommation apparente et importations de certains produits forestiers, en 1979-81 et 1999-2001 (moyennes), de 2016 à 2020 et prévisions pour 2021 et 2022

Forecasts a Prévisions a

UNECE COFFI and FAO EFC Foresta2021 page 35

List of tables

Table 1

Table 2

Table 2a