Motivation and background Aim of this study Data Results Conclusions

Driving forces of informal employment: An empirical study based on Polish enterprise data

Dagmara Nikulin

Gdansk University of Technology Faculty of Management and Economics

Meeting of the Group of Experts on Quality of Employment Geneva, 14-16 May, 2024

The research has been conducted within the project financed by the National Science Centre, Poland (Narodowe Centrum Nauki – NCN) – decision number 2018/02/x/hs4/00441.

Motivation and background Aim of this study Data Results Conclusions

Motivation

the informal sector together with the broadly understood shadow economy is of interest to both the scientific community and government institutions

research areas related to the shadow economy are considered extremely important and require further exploration

a dichotomy between the formal and informal sectors, which contributes to the marginalization of hybrid phenomena occurring on the borderline of the informal zone

informal employment existing in registered enterprises

Motivation and background Aim of this study Data Results Conclusions

Driving forces of informal employment: literature review

severity of taxes: in countries with higher level of taxes the prevalence of shadow economy and informal employment should be larger. Empirical evidence inconclusive in this matter (Nur-Tegin, 2008; Joulfaian, 2009; Bernasconi, Corazzini and Seri, 2014)

social and moral determinants; non-economic social factors are becoming more and more relevant in explaining the inclination to be engaged in shadow economy (Pickhardt and Prinz, 2014); plenty of research investigates the relationship between tax morale and tendency to evade taxes (Alm, Martinez-Vazque & Torgler, 2006; Alm & Torgler, 2006; Torgler, 2005; Torgler Schneider, 2009)

institutional factors like the quality of institutions (Torgler & Schneider, 2007; Hanousek & Palda 2004, Barone & Mocetti, 2011)

Motivation and background Aim of this study Data Results Conclusions

Aim of this study

Our aim is to investigate the main drivers of informal employment in Poland.

Motivation and background Aim of this study Data Results Conclusions

Survey design

survey conducted among polish small and medium (SMEs) enterprises

representative sample of 952 Polish entrepreneurs

survey carried out between November and December 2018

CATI method (computer-assisted telephone interview)

respondents: owners or highest level managers of Polish private enterprises

quota sampling regarding the specific number of companies according to the size (less than 9 employees, 10-49, and 49-250 employees)

within each group stratified random sampling scheme with two stratas: NUTS 2 units and four main sectors (manufacturing, construction, retail and services)

tools for surveys on sensitive topics applied

Motivation and background Aim of this study Data Results Conclusions

Outcome variable

In particular, the question on the informal employment activities has been formulated as follows: “Due to high non-wage labour costs, some entrepreneurs use various mechanisms to minimize these burdens. Bearing in mind the companies operating in your industry, please asses what proportion of employees are employed informally?”

Our dependent variable is recoded into binary one, where 0 means that respondent indicates no extent of informal employees in firms in their industry and 1 if there is any extent of informal employees

Motivation and background Aim of this study Data Results Conclusions

Descriptive statistics (1)

Motivation and background Aim of this study Data Results Conclusions

Descriptive statistics (2)

Motivation and background Aim of this study Data Results Conclusions

Model

Motivation and background Aim of this study Data Results Conclusions

Results

Motivation and background Aim of this study Data Results Conclusions

Robustness check

Motivation and background Aim of this study Data Results Conclusions

Conclusions

the main aim of this paper is to find possible determinants of using informal workers

tax morality and obstacles related to setting up a business as significant factors influencing the probability of using informal workers

we do not find any clear relationship between the tax severity and the inclination to using informal workers among polish enterprises

Motivation and background Aim of this study Data Results Conclusions

Thank you for your attention.

Contact: [email protected]

Annual Activity Report

19th Session of the Group of Experts on Coal Mine Methane and Just Transition

Geneva, March 18-19, 2024

Piotr Kasza on behalf of ICE-CMM Poland

Agenda

✓ Activities and achievements of ICE CMM Poland in 2023

✓ Work plan for 2024

32nd School of Underground Mining Methane from coal mines in Poland - current state and consequences of introducing the proposed EU regulation in this regard

Krakow, Poland, April 28, 2023

• Session organized and sponsored by ICE-CMM Poland

• 16 presentations including 7 ICE-CMM members

• participation of numerous experts and representatives of NGOs

• Discussion panel on methane emissions from coal mines

The Center’s involvement in activities related to energy transformation

18th Session of the Group of Experts on CMM & JT Geneva, Switzerland, March 20-21, 2023

• Annual Activity Report on ICE-CMM Poland

• JSW and GIG’s report on the use of methane from coal mines in Poland

• Projects implemented by JSW SA in cooperation with ICE-CMM Poland members

The Center’s involvement in activities related to energy transformation

✓ World Mining Congress (WMC 2023), Brisbane, Autralia, June 26-29, 2023: presentation of the REM, MASTERMINE projects, presentation on simulation of air flow and methane emissions in goafs

✓ Krynica Forum 2023, September 13-15, 2023: debate on Polish roads towards climate neutrality

The Center’s involvement in activities related to energy transformation

✓ Distributed Energy Congress, Krakow, September 25-26, 2023: session prepared by ICE-CMM

• 6 papers presented.

The Center’s involvement in activities related to energy transformation

✓ Organization of the session as part of International Science and Technology Conference Natural Mining Hazards, Wisła, November 14-16, 2023

• Session organized and sponsored by ICE-CMM Poland

• 7 presentations and discussion

✓ Preparation and promotion of the Annual report on methane emissions and its use in the Polish hard coal mining industry for 2022 (published on the website: www.cmm-energy.eu )

✓ Meeting with members of the Hard Coal Section Agreement of Trade Unions KADRA, March 2023: presentation on methane emissions from Polish coal mines.

✓ Workshop "Mining in the 21st century and what else" in Ostrava, May 2023: paper on the EP "methane" regulation and its impact on mining in Poland.

✓ Participation of members of the ICE-CMM Presidium in meetings on the reduction of methane emissions at the European Parliament, the Ministry of State Assets, and the Chancellery of the President of the Republic of Poland

The Center’s involvement in activities related to energy transformation

✓ Translation and publication of the Polish version of the AMM best practice guidance

• report on necessary changes in the methodology for estimating methane resources in closed mines prepared by PGI-NRI

• results of this report as an appendix to the translation of the AMM Best Practice Guidance

The Center’s involvement in activities related to energy transformation - postponed task -

Work plan of ICE-CMM Poland for 2024

33rd School of Underground Mining Methane from hard coal mines in Poland - effective reduction of emissions as part of climate protection

Krakow, Poland, February26, 2024

19th Session of the Group of Experts on CMM & JT Geneva, Switzerland, March 18-19, 2024

• Annual Activity Report on ICE-CMM Poland

Organization and sponsorship of the session as part of 31st International Science and Technology Conference Natural Mining Hazards

Work plan of ICE-CMM Poland for 2024

An overview report on the evaluation of the resource potential and possibilities of extracting methane from coal beds in abandoned hard coal deposits in Poland

Participation in events promoting the reduction of methane emission

12th School of Mining Aerology Kocierz, Poland, 12-14 June, 2024

Scientific seminar in Vietnam Challenges and strategies for reducing methane emissions in coal mining. International experiences and perspectives for Vietnam

Thank you for your attention

Building trust culture in the office – examples of ethics-driven proactive internal communication

at Statistics Poland

UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE CONFERENCE OF EUROPEAN STATISTICIANS

The Workshop on Ethics in Modern Statistical Organisations

Anna Borowska Olga Świerkot-Strużewska

26 - 28 March 2024, Geneva, Switzerland

Purpose of the presentation

• To apprehend ethics from the international angle, to embed it in the international statistical context

• To present fundamental rules and values for ethics, both in the layer of data ethics but also in the layer of culture organisation, especially in the area of internal communication

• To present examples of staff surveys in various areas, not from the point of view of their results but from the point of view their response rate, awarness and engagememt of our employees on their role in this process

Ethics. Contextualised. • Definitions

Source: Britannica

users

Is ethics a new concept of the international debate? Certainly not.

• UN Fundamental Principles of Official Statistics • New Advisory Board to be created

• The European Statistics Code of Practice (quality lens) • OECD Recommendation on Good Statistical Practice • ISI Declaration on Professional Ethics • IAOS Krakow Group

• Proliferating Data Ecosystems • Skyrocketing number of Actors • Insatiable demand for insight • New roles, new skills & competencies, resources

Times of redefinition – statistics in a changing environment

Growing importance of ethics in the international context

• Trust debate „Our value/worth conversation is more about 'why' do we do what we do. What does it add to our society? Whereas the trust conversation is about 'how' we do what we do” Giles Sullivan

• Value debate

• User-centric approach

Ethics – derivatives and dimensions

• „Data ethics - a key enabler of the social acceptability” • Social acceptability - a strategic communication topic • ESS Strategic Communication Expert Group

• „Social acceptability: roadmap for communicating the ethical approach taken to data collection, processing, storage, dissemination and retention”

•Why do we need to keep providing evidence of our trustworthiness?

Ethics underlying official statistics/ e.g. 1 New data sources

• FPOS and Big Data - Mapping the United Nations Fundamental Principles of Official Statistics against new and big data sources

• Europe’s Ethical Guidelines [7] related to the use of Big Data in European statistics.

• A reference point in considering the 6 challenges of an ethical use of new and big data sources

• The guidelines draw the attention of NSOs to possible issues of professional ethics that can appear with the use of big data in the production of official statistics and examine at three main stages of the statistical production process – acquisition, processing and dissemination – questions of an ethical nature concerning the cornerstone values of official statistics

"Data for statistical purposes may be drawn from all types of sources, be they statistical surveys or administrative records. Statistical agencies are to choose the source with regard to quality, timeliness, costs and the burden on respondents." • Social media data

• an area to explore for the official statistics. • In several countries research is conducted to use social media in order to measure

the level of well-being of societies • Social media are a vulnerable source of data when it comes to manipulation. While disseminating

statistics based on social media, it is important to accompany them with proper metadata and to describe them in an understandable way.

• EXAMPLE of juxtaposing official statistics to fake news • existence of fake accounts which manipulate the truth, so called “bots”. They may affect the factual

image, hindering the quality of social media data to be used for statistical purposes. • On this background, the ethical reference provided by the UNFPOS seems to be one of the most

effective remedies, as they oppose official statistics to raw social media data, thereby valuing more highly the production of reliable, comparable and high-quality data – those which meet international standards .

UN Principle 5 – through an ethical lens

Ethics underlying official statistics/ e.g. 2 Data stewardship

Data stewardship – from the UNECE TF Report „Data Stewardship and the Role of National Statistical Offices in the New Data Ecosystem” is ensuring the ethical and responsible creation, collection, management, use, and reuse of data. It is expressed through long- term, inter-generational curation of data assets so that they benefit the full community of data users and are used for public good.

• „An emerging definition of data stewardship outlines it as a collection of practices that ensure data and statistics from across national systems are accessible, useable, safe, and trusted. The priorities of a data steward are context-dependent and cannot be universally defined. However, data stewards are responsible for data across the value chain, from production, analysis, and use.

• These functions aim to: • increase collaboration and interoperability across national data systems; • promote data sharing and build trust; • build strong data management and capacity development; • safeguard data quality and inclusivity; • improve data privacy, security, and ownership”.

• Source: Fitting into the new data-driven reality: results from the global consultation on data stewardship and the role of National Statistical Offices

13.03.2024 11

Ethics underlying official statistics/ e.g. 2 Data stewardship/ global perspective

• “[…] The timelessness and relevance of the FPOS make them fit to the new data-driven reality. However, the proliferation of new data sources, new stakeholders and new concepts, such as data stewardship is a good opportunity to reinterpret the Principles, to set directions of their new possible explanations, which seem to be unavoidable in spite of their pertinence and universal character”

Back to the basics: The concept of data stewardship and its linkages with the Fundamental Principles of Official Statistics (FPOS), COL/PL

13.03.2024 12

Being internationally vocal about ethics

• Official Statistics as a cornerstone of democracy · Statistical data essential for:

· evidence-based decision-making, · political accountability

· Attributes of official statistics: · transparent, · scientifically robust and · politically independent

• UN Fundamental Principles of Official Statistics

• Robust legislation, common standards, international comparability

• Statistics  right to the truth.

Ethical

Ethics through internal lens Official statistics in numbers

5 309 employment in official

statistics as of 31.12.2023

737 employment in Statistics Poland as of

31.12.2023

4,12 % of disabled persons in Statistics Poland as

of 31.12.2023*

71 % of employed women in Statistics Poland

as of 31.12.2023

* according to the State Fund for Rehabilitation of Disabled People methodology

Our publications in 2023

291 publication titles

490 news releases

41 titles of

communications and announcements

135 357

376

831

1111 Female Male

No Yes

Higher Secondary

Gender

Membership in management staff

Education

Age Seniority

Under 26 years old

36-45 years old 26-35 years old Over 55 years old

46-55 years old Under a year

4-10 years 1-3 years Over 21 years

11-20 years

35 341

936

905

593

A survey among all Statistics Poland’s employees to determine: • organizational culture • work style of the employees • eagerness to change in behaviors • motivation • communication style. The survey collected 2 810 responses (~50% of all employees).

Staff survey conducted within Stat!Up project

Staff survey on hybrid work conducted by trade unions acting at Statistics Poland – central office

• The purpose of the survey was to check staff opinion about hybrid work

• The survey was conducted: 20th February -17th March 2023

• The survey collected 380 answers (~50% of all employees), including:

• 265 by electronic way • 115 by traditional way (paper).

• No statistical data about participants

Staff survey on social activity for the employees of Statistics Poland – central office

• The purpose of the survey was to gain staff opinions about social activities offered to them by Statistics Poland

• The survey was conducted: 19th October – 9th December 2022

• The survey collected 256 responses,

(32% of all employees), including:

- 206 responses by electronic way

- 50 responses by traditional way

4 6

2 2

22

26

6

51

33

27

10

1 2 1

5 5 6

1

31

4

8

3

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

below 25

25 – 35

35 – 50

50 – 60

below 25

25 – 35

35 – 50

50 – 60

Over 60

35 – 50

50 – 60

Over 60

below 1 year 1 – 5 5 – 15 Over 15

Female

Male

Staff survey on onboarding process at Statistics Poland – central office

The purpose of the survey was to monitor and evalute onboarding proces

The survey was sent to new employees and was conducted 3 months after their employment in our Office

The survey was sent to 50 persons and collected 25 responses (50% of all new employees)

2525

Participation in survey

answers lack of answers

14

11

Gender

femaile maile

Staff survey on exit interview at Statistics Poland – central office

• The purpose of the survey was to find out reasons of leaving our Office by employees

• The survey was focused on employees leaving us (due to different reasons)

• The survey was sent to 44 persons and collected 21 responses (48% of all new employees)

21 23

Participation in survey

answers lack of answers

13

8

Gender

femaile maile

The guidelines for compliance with the rules of the civil service and on the principles of the civil service code of ethics

Staff survey on “Diagnosis of the level of integrity culture in the civil service” as an example of fantastic failure within internal communication

• The purpose of the survey was to know the level of integrity culture in the civil service

• The survey was sent to all employees (674) and was conducted from 16th to 30th May 2023

• The survey collected only 61responses (9,6% of all employees)

44

17

Gender

femaile maile

61

613

Participation in survey

answers lack of answers

16

44

Level of position

managers employees

Staff survey on “Diagnosis of the level of integrity culture in the civil service” as an example of fantastic failure within internal communication

As a consequence of this fantastic failure, a letter was sent to managers and employees indicating that:

• only 61 persons, which means that only 9,6% of all employees from civil service corps took part in the survey;

• this result is unsatisfactory, having also in mind that the role of Statistics Poland is to conduct statistical surveys, thus our staff should be aware of the importance of response rates;

• we need deeper and deeper engagement of all staff in building our organisational culture, including also taking issues in our own hands to have influence on what is going on around us.

Summary and conclusions

• Ethics is a paramount concept, visible in many aspects of international statistical debate;

• Internally we do not have standardised policy of conducting staff surveys yet; • It is not easy to compare given examples and draw systemic conclusions but

to some extent it is possible; • It is clear that internal communication including part of getting staff opinions

is crucial and may bring benefits for all of us in:  building common trust, changing our organisational culture, knowing each other better, fitting better solutions in i.e. CSR, social activities, finding expectations of both sides: employees and employers

• Therefore: all the derivatives and examples of the practical handling of ethics are very much welcome to be adjusted/implemented at the internal level.

Thank You for listening! 

Anna Borowska Civil Service Director [email protected]

Olga Świerkot-Strużewska International Relations and Statistical Cooperation Director [email protected]

1

JUST TRANSITION PROCESS IN POLAND – STATUS

AND FUTURE CHALLENGES

Jan Bondaruk

BASIC AREAS OF GIG ACTIVITY

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY IN THE INDUSTRY

MATERIAL ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATION AND ATTESTATION

MINING AND GEOENGINEERING

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINNERING

TRAINING AND EDUCATION

CLEAN COAL TECHNOLOGIES

Hard coal

Lignite

TRANSITION PATHWAYS

2000/2002

10% share of mining in GDP

2016

9,7% share of mining in GDP

2021 3,3% share of mining in GDP

2049?

Mines Restructuring Company: 8 non- perspective mines or parts of mines

2000 40 operating coal- mines in Silesia region Carbon neutral

economy in Europe in 2050

2021 20 operating coal- mines in Silesia region 2016

23 operating coal- mines in Silesia region

Transformation of the sector induced by economic factors

Transition of the economy carried out taking into account climate goals

Silesia region - heart of Polish hard coal

mine sector

~78 % of hard coal balance deposits occur in Upper Silesian Coal

Basin

NECP PL AND ENERGY POLICY OF POLAND UNTIL 2040 POLAND’S NATIONAL ENERGY AND CLIMATE PLAN FOR YEARS 2021-2030 (NECP PL) along with attachments has been developed in fulfilment of the obligation set out in Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 on the Governance of the Energy Union and Climate Action.

Integrated approach to the implementation of the five dimensions.

The energy transition will be based on three pillars

ENERGY POLICY OF POLAND UNTIL 2040 (PEP2040) sets the framework for the energy transition in Poland. It contains strategic decision regarding the selection of technologies used to establish a low-emission energy system. PEP2040 contributes to the implementation of the Paris Agreement concluded in December 2015 at the 21st Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP21), taking into account the need to achieve the transition in a just and solidary manner.

TRANSITION SCHEDULE

https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/oil-gas-and-coal/eu-coal-regions/coal-regions- transition_en

2023 - the deepest hard coal mine operates at the level of 1290 m

1990 – 70 operating hard coal mines with the average depth = 510 m

More than 6 400 hectares of post-industrial and post-mining areas to

redevelopment in Silesia Region

€ 2.4 billion for Silesia and Western Małopolska

€ 415 million for Wielkopolska

€ 581.5 million for Lower Silesia

€ 369.5 million for Łódzkie

Territorial just transition plans (TJTPs)

JUST TRANSITION FUND IN POLAND

TERRITORIAL JUST TRANSITION PLAN OF THE SILESIAN VOIVODESHIP

Coal mining employment in 2022 in Silesia region (hard coal + cocking coal mines)

62 000 miners (76 000 in total Poland)

Reduction of employment

up to 2030 - 12 400 miners up to 2049 - 49 000 miners

Estimated decrease in the number of jobs in mining-related companies (value chain)

up to 2030 - 24 500 employees up to 2049 - 96 000 employees

The main objective of the TJTP is assumed to be: • Equitable and efficient transformation of mining

subregions towards a green, digital economy, ensuring a high quality of life for residents in a clean environment.

Operational objectives of 7 mining subregions embrace:

• Innovative and diversified economy

• Resource and energy efficient economy

• Strong entrepreneurship

• Balanced distribution of energy

• Repurpose of post-industrial areas for economic, environmental and social purposes

• Socially responsible transition management system

• Attractive and effective education

• Labour market support system and skills upgrading mechanism

• Comprehensive social support system to activate residents <25 000 hectares of post-industrial and post-

mining areas Identification of stakeholders and stronger partnerships

MINING WORKFORCES AND VALUE CHAIN

The socio-economic contribution of mining in terms of

employment can be measured on three levels:

• direct employment – the workforce employed by coal

enterprises themselves,

• indirect employment – those employed at companies

that produce goods or deliver services directly to coal

enterprises,

• induced employment – those employed to provide

goods and services to meet the consumption

demand of directly and indirectly employed workers

(Bacon and Kojima, 2011).

Employment structure in mining-dependent companies by NACE sections and dependence on coal mining contracts

Source: Mapping the indirect employment of hard coal mining: a case study of Upper Silesia, Poland, IBS Working Paper 07/2022, November 2022

SOCIAL AGREEMENT OF 28 MAY 2021=> MINE CLOSURE SCHEDULE

=> mine closure schedule

GOVERNMENT - TRADE UNIONS - MINING MUNICIPALITIES -

MINING COMPANIES

OBJECTIVES OF SOCIAL AGREEMENT

mechanism for financing coal mining companies in the transition process

indexation of salaries

rules for the construction and implementation of clean coal

installations

guarantee of employment

social protection package for employees from liquidated coal mines

• covering extraordinary costs • subsidies for capacity reduction costs

• inclusion of the salary costs of the companies' employees with the indexation mechanism of average monthly salaries from the previous year

• support for investments using available resources • industrial-scale (TRL8/9) investments:

• coal gasification plant (GCC+CCS) • production of low-carbon fuel, • hydrogen generation, • CO2 storage in the rock mass.

• employee realocation mechanism -> mainly to other mines • trainings and courses within the sector

• mining leave • severance pay

Relocations to other mines up to 2030

2 500 miners

Retirement up to 2030

1 800 miners

11

MINING WORKFORCES AND VALUE CHAIN TRANSITION

SOCIAL AGREEMENT

Mining-dependent workplaces

Mining workforces

MINING REGIONS IN TRANSITION

JTF/TJTPs

Direct Support

(miners and coal mine operators)

Indirect new workplaces

Indirect suport

Development of technology

Direct JTF mechanism

Develompent of regional economy

 Vocational education in just transition proces

 Support for starting a business: outplacement projects

 Social inclusion - strengthening the just transition process

 Supporting SMEs for transformation  Use of degraded areas to develop

the regional economy through business investment

Public intervention-> EU public support

regulations

STRATEGIC CHALLENGES

12

Reindustrialisation and revitalisation

Cooperation between the administration - industry -

science

Finance and new business models

Innovation and integration of knowledge

"Black to Green" sustainable transformation of the Silesia region

ADVANTAGES OF THE POST-MINING ASSETS

New business models and

collaboration schemes

Scenarios of the redevelopment process

NEW VALUE CHAIN & SUCCESS STORIES

Culture Zone - new image and functions

Katowice Coal Mine (1823–1999) 120 000 000 tons of coal

Katowice Coal Mine brownfield – 2001 demolition works

Szombierki Coal Mine - Bytom

The Golf Club Armada

R&D PROJECTS – STATUS AND PERSPECTIVES

REGIONAL OBSERVATORY OF THE TRANSFORMATION PROCESS

The aim of the project was to collect and disseminate knowledge:

- on the socio-economic processes taking place in the region,

- effective transformation activities and tools,

- innovative technologies supporting the process of diversification towards a

green digital economy,

- promoting framework directions for professional reorientation in the areas

of regional smart specializations by initiating cooperation of local partners

from areas undergoing socio-economic transformation and R&D with

business entities.

The aim of the project was to provide insight into perceptions of various aspects of the transformation process.

ROPT supports the implementation of the objectives of the regional transformation plan and the regional development strategy in the social and

economic dimension

LEVERAGING THE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES OF END-OF-LIFE UNDERGROUND COAL MINES TO MAXIMISE THE CREATION OF GREEN AND QUALITY JOBS

GreenJOBS focuses on repurposing end-of-life underground coal mines by deploying emerging renewable energy and circular economy technologies to promote sustainable local economic growth and maximise the number of

green, quality jobs. 2 business plans (Virtual Power Plant

and a Green Hydrogen Plant).

The project consortium:  UNIVERSIDAD DE OVIEDO, Spain  GLOWNY INSTYTUT GORNICTWA, Poland  FUNDACION ASTURIANA DE LA ENERGIA, Spain  DMT-GESELLSCHAFT FUR LEHRE UND BILDUNG MBH, Germany  MAGELLAN & BARENTS SL, Spain  WEGLOKOKS KRAJ SPOLKA AKCYJNA, Poland,  HULLERAS DEL NORTE SA, Spain,  PREMOGOVNIK VELENJE, Slovenia.

PILOT ACTIONS

No. Action 1 Virtual power plant

2 Green hydrogen plant

3 Eco-industrial park

4 Cultural heritage and sports/recreations

areas using green energy

5 Floating PV panels at flooded open-pit

coal mine

6 Pumped hydroelectric storage (PHS) at

former open-pit coal mines

7 Fisheries in flooded open-pit coal mines

8 Combined-cycle gas turbine (CCGT) power

plant powered by natural gas

9 Mine gas utilization for gas-powered CHP

power units

10 Small modular reactors (SMRs)

11 Biofuels combustion energy plant

12 Molten salt plant

13 Agrophotovoltaics (APV) at former open-

pit coal mine areas

No. Mikro-action

1 Ancillary services provided by batteries

2 Recovery of resources from coal mining

waste heaps

3 Usage of methane from degasification units

on closed coal mines

4 Circular mining technologies for pumped

water material recovery.

5 Forest restoration at former open-pit coal

mines

6 Large scale IT infrastructure - power plant

7 Geothermal energy

8 Gravitricity

9 Dense fluids

10 Underground hydropumping

EXTENSION OF THE POST-MINING LAND MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN THE SILESIAN VOIVODESHIP

Supportive tool for management of transition proces.

new public e-service

database of post- mining areas

tool for the valorisation of post-

mining areas

digital repository of documents including plans, maps, photographs of post-mining areas

Make it easier for investors to get information about post-mining areas and help them assess their economic

attractiveness.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0AjJbo560JE

TRANSITION PROCESS IN POLAND

 Along with the phase-out plan, the expected outcome of the transition process is to ensure the security of the national energy system combined with climate neutrality goals

 Silesia region, due to concentration of different type of challenges is percieved as the reference laboratory and source of good practices of the just transition process in Europe

 Post-mining period creates new models of collaboration between industry, researchers and administration

 Reskilling mining workforce and employees of mining-dependent enterprises (value chain) is a key challenge for the well-embedded just transition

 Just transition process is implemented through an extensive support program that includes, among others:

 Regeneration, decontamination and restoration of post-mining assets

 Raising and changing the qualifications of employees and jobseekers

 Investment in SMEs, including start-ups, leading to economic diversification and economic restructuring

 Business creation through business incubators and consulting services

 Research and innovation activities and supporting the transfer of advanced technologies

Dziękuję za uwagę

WE INVITE YOU TO COLLABORATE

Jan BONDARUK Deputy Director for Environmental Engineering Central Mining Institute – National Research Institute Plac Gwarków 1 40-166 Katowice Poland t: +48 32 259 24 66 f: +48 32 259 21 54 m: +48 512 293 850 [email protected] www.gig.eu

List of tables

Table1

Table2

Table 2a

Table 2b

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Table 5a

Table 6

Table 6a

Table 6b

Table 6c