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- English
Many transition economies in Europe and Central Asia are endowed with rich natural resources and biodiversity. At the same time, global climate change and associated extreme weather events are already affecting these countries, with serious economic and social consequences.
This Guide reflects the
… AND COUNTRY CODES SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE (SEE) Albania (ALB) Montenegro (MNE) Bosnia and Herzegovina (BIH) Serbia (SRB) … Europe Albania -3.2 -42.3 -1.4 -20.7 Bosnia and Herzegovina Montenegro .. .. .. .. Serbia .. .. .. .. The former … 72.0 Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.0 281.0 235.0 214.0 217.0 Montenegro 0.0 0.0 0.0 167.0 140.0 Serbia 220.0 311.0 272.0 …
- English
At advanced stages of transition to a market economy, entrepreneurship and enterprise development come to the forefront of the development agenda. However, in countries with economies in transition (or “emerging market economies”), both new and operational companies often face formidable
… Europe (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, Serbia, The former Yugoslav Republic of … of Macedonia 3 8 1 2 4 5 11 6 7 9 10 12 14 13 Serbia & Montenegro 1 4 8 10 9 2 5 3 7 6 11 12 14 13 Commonwealth of … Republic of Macedonia 13 13 13 13 10 9 48 48 48 48 18 15 Montenegro .. .. .. .. 15 15 .. .. .. .. 24 24 Serbia 11 12 …
- English
Innovation – or the systematic experimentation with new ideas – is essential for the sustained economic growth and enhanced competitiveness of the seven countries of the United Nations Special Programme for the Economies of Central Asia (SPECA), i.e., Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan
… could be launched, loosely modelled on the experience of Montenegro, which did so in 2012 with support from the … Bulgaria, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Moldova, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Russia, Serbia, Tajikistan, … 2021). 11 https://www.oecd.org/south-east-europe/programme/Montenegro%20English%20Version.pdf and https://ec.europa. …
- English
Innovation is a key driver of sustainable development and economic growth, and for meeting the Millennium Development Goals, as re-affirmed by the 2013 Annual Ministerial Review of the United Nations Economic and Social Council. The global financial crisis of 2008-2009, the effects of which are
… of South-East Europe (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Serbia and the former Yugoslav Republic of …
- English
The world economy today is predominantly knowledge-driven and use of knowledge are the main drivers of growth, wealth creation and employment. The emergence of global knowledge-based value chains as the key drivers of global economic growth is both a challenge and an opportunity for businesses and
… Europe (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, Serbia and the former Yugoslav Republic of … and reducing their number (Belarus, the former Serbia and Montenegro, Uzbekistan) and introducing the single window … implemented legislation on the use of electronic signature. Montenegro and Serbia currently apply the ‘silence is …
- English
This Review focuses on knowledge and innovation as key factors for competitiveness and growth in the modern economy. Policies seeking to create an environment conducive to the generation and diffusion of innovation are increasingly taking a central role in national and international policy debates
… (SEE, namely, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, Serbia and The former Yugoslav Republic of …
- English
Since independence, Moldova has navigated the challenging transition to a market economy while achieving significant, albeit volatile, economic growth, reduced poverty levels and the status of a lower-middle-income economy. However, productivity growth has declined as original drivers of structural
… 25 30 35 Lebanon Kyrgyz Republic Tajikistan Moldova Georgia Montenegro Uzbekistan Armenia Ukraine Albania Bosnia and …
- English
The COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine have negatively affected economic development in UNECE member States, significantly disrupting international trade, investment and cooperation. Because of their geographical location and development stage, these shocks have hit especially hard in
… Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, the Republic of Moldova, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, Tajikistan, …
- English
Innovation has never been higher on the economic policy agenda, and features prominently in the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The Republic of Tajikistan has achieved strong economic and social development over recent years, and has made important steps in moving
… Hungary, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Poland, Serbia, Tajikistan, Turkey and Ukraine. …