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Customs-2-Customs (C2C) electronic exchange of information could greatly support risk assessment for transit operations and, ultimately, facilitate legitimate trade, improve and secure border crossing as well as reduce related costs. This was one of the findings of a workshop jointly organized by
The diesel scandal in Europe has made us aware of the potential trade-offs between different fields of policy. While trying to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, policies to subsidize diesel cars were made without taking into account that diesel emissions have serious negative impacts on air
An underappreciated and often overlooked issue when developing safe and sustainable transportation systems in any nation is thorough and up-to-date statistics on road transport and road safety. Good, reliable statistics support governments and decision makers to understand what issues to address
Lockdowns, border closures and restrictions to contain the COVID-19 pandemic have disproportionately impacted landlocked developing countries (LLDCs) in Central Asia and the Caucasus, which already face significant economic challenges due to the lack of territorial access to the sea and higher
The transport costs of the world`s 32 Landlocked Developing Countries (LLDCs) are on average 50% higher than developing countries that have access to the open sea. If containerized imports are considered, LLDCs have costs that are 85% higher than the world average. As a result, LLDC exports are
Landlocked developing countries (LLDCs) face many complex challenges. Due to their geographic remoteness, their lack of direct access to the open sea and the high transport and transit costs they face, they are at a significant economic disadvantage compared to the rest of the world. The Euro-